Therapists in Sunderland, MA

Photo of Louis Joseph Jumonville, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Louis Joseph Jumonville
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sunderland, MA 01375  (Online Only)
Are you feeling the stuck in your patterns of relating to family, friends and coworkers? Feeling anxious, depressed, worried about health or work? Feeling unsatisfied with life, with the feeling that there must something more? Or are you frequently concerned regarding recent, or childhood trauma? I can help you discover and teach you tools to find relief from troubling thoughts, overwhelming emotions, and access your creativity to guide yourself into more healthy, nurturing and satisfying relationships. If you have tried it alone, and find it not working to your satisfactions perhaps it is time to get the help you deserve.
Are you feeling the stuck in your patterns of relating to family, friends and coworkers? Feeling anxious, depressed, worried about health or work? Feeling unsatisfied with life, with the feeling that there must something more? Or are you frequently concerned regarding recent, or childhood trauma? I can help you discover and teach you tools to find relief from troubling thoughts, overwhelming emotions, and access your creativity to guide yourself into more healthy, nurturing and satisfying relationships. If you have tried it alone, and find it not working to your satisfactions perhaps it is time to get the help you deserve.
(925) 394-7793 View (925) 394-7793
Photo of Karen w Nolen - Karen W. Nolen, LICSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen W. Nolen, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sunderland, MA 01375
As we move from collective difficulty and hibernation, back out into the world, do you want to talk about doing some things differently? At this time, are you wanting to initiate change, add motivation or more quiet softness into your life? How do you handle stress? I help purpose-driven people like artists and/or activists. I also love working with recovering addict/alcoholics. Are you wanting or needing to live more from a place of balance? I help clients work through inner blocks, to reconnect their truth; thereby creating a more intentional life.
As we move from collective difficulty and hibernation, back out into the world, do you want to talk about doing some things differently? At this time, are you wanting to initiate change, add motivation or more quiet softness into your life? How do you handle stress? I help purpose-driven people like artists and/or activists. I also love working with recovering addict/alcoholics. Are you wanting or needing to live more from a place of balance? I help clients work through inner blocks, to reconnect their truth; thereby creating a more intentional life.
(413) 350-3874 View (413) 350-3874
Photo of Ann Norris, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann Norris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sunderland, MA 01375  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I offer empathetic and empowering care to young adults and adults. My main areas of focus include helping individuals navigate life transitions and supporting folks with complex trauma, ADHD, Autism and mood disorders including anxiety and depression. I enjoy collaborating with people in creative and strength-based ways and working beside them while they make meaningful changes in their lives.
I offer empathetic and empowering care to young adults and adults. My main areas of focus include helping individuals navigate life transitions and supporting folks with complex trauma, ADHD, Autism and mood disorders including anxiety and depression. I enjoy collaborating with people in creative and strength-based ways and working beside them while they make meaningful changes in their lives.
(413) 324-5141 View (413) 324-5141
Photo of Laurie Sugarman-Whittier, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laurie Sugarman-Whittier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sunderland, MA 01375
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years experience. I work with adults of all ages. Many of my clients are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or traumatic histories. I also have experience assisting people with many other issues. I see my first job as therapist to be establishing a relationship with you, within which you will feel accepted, comfortable, and safe. I will work to ask good questions, and to assist and empower you in discovering how to create the positive changes you seek.
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years experience. I work with adults of all ages. Many of my clients are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or traumatic histories. I also have experience assisting people with many other issues. I see my first job as therapist to be establishing a relationship with you, within which you will feel accepted, comfortable, and safe. I will work to ask good questions, and to assist and empower you in discovering how to create the positive changes you seek.
(508) 273-2448 View (508) 273-2448
Photo of Laura A Pontani, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Laura A Pontani
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Sunderland, MA 01375  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Whatever your intention for therapy, it is important to find a therapist that makes you feel safe, valued, and understood. I believe that my clients are the true guides to their own happiness and destination, resulting in not one specific formula for healing, but rather utilizing each individual's strengths, needs, and interests. I enjoy establishing a conversational atmosphere that is genuine, empathetic, and validating. Through this, I create a safe and nurturing space for self-discovery, self-growth, and healing. My style draws heavily on empathy and mindfulness as well as ACT, IFS, and solution focused therapies.
Hello! Whatever your intention for therapy, it is important to find a therapist that makes you feel safe, valued, and understood. I believe that my clients are the true guides to their own happiness and destination, resulting in not one specific formula for healing, but rather utilizing each individual's strengths, needs, and interests. I enjoy establishing a conversational atmosphere that is genuine, empathetic, and validating. Through this, I create a safe and nurturing space for self-discovery, self-growth, and healing. My style draws heavily on empathy and mindfulness as well as ACT, IFS, and solution focused therapies.
(617) 206-3896 View (617) 206-3896
Photo of Julie M Paquette - Julie M. Paquette, LICSW,CADC, MSW, LICSW, CADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie M. Paquette, LICSW,CADC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sunderland, MA 01375  (Online Only)
I teach EVERYONE- how to manage difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors. I teach parents how to help their children regulate their feelings, which in turn helps manage behaviors. My work focuses on the mind and the heart; I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting your soul's journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I work late afternoons and evenings.
I teach EVERYONE- how to manage difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors. I teach parents how to help their children regulate their feelings, which in turn helps manage behaviors. My work focuses on the mind and the heart; I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting your soul's journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I work late afternoons and evenings.
(207) 808-7942 View (207) 808-7942
Photo of Betsy McNamara, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Betsy McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sunderland, MA 01375
Are you, your teen or young adult child struggling? Withdrawing? Anxious? Making dangerous choices? Having trouble getting along? For over twenty years I have been helping people work through their situations to think more clearly, make better choices, and ultimately, to feel better about themselves. Because trust and good communication between the therapist and the client is so important, I invite you to email or call me and talk about what you are looking for and my approach to see if this might be a good fit for you or your child.
Are you, your teen or young adult child struggling? Withdrawing? Anxious? Making dangerous choices? Having trouble getting along? For over twenty years I have been helping people work through their situations to think more clearly, make better choices, and ultimately, to feel better about themselves. Because trust and good communication between the therapist and the client is so important, I invite you to email or call me and talk about what you are looking for and my approach to see if this might be a good fit for you or your child.
(413) 314-3504 View (413) 314-3504

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kaylin Petracca, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kaylin Petracca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01061  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I applaud you for considering therapy, as it can be a challenging decision and may invoke a variety of feelings. You may have experienced a traumatic event or series of events that continue to impact your life, you may be exploring your identity and personal belief systems, or you may be experiencing complex emotions that you'd like support in processing. I am passionate about working with trauma survivors, especially those within the LGBTQ community. Trauma is complex and unique to each survivor.
I applaud you for considering therapy, as it can be a challenging decision and may invoke a variety of feelings. You may have experienced a traumatic event or series of events that continue to impact your life, you may be exploring your identity and personal belief systems, or you may be experiencing complex emotions that you'd like support in processing. I am passionate about working with trauma survivors, especially those within the LGBTQ community. Trauma is complex and unique to each survivor.
(978) 541-1701 View (978) 541-1701
Photo of Stacey Moyer, MA, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacey Moyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01062
I work with individuals across the adult life span, couples/folks in relationships, and families who are looking to feel more connected to themselves and others, navigate distress and conflict, and build more meaningful relationships and lives. My clients encompass the spectrum of gender and sexuality identities and live within a variety of relationship structures - monogamous, polyamorous, and non-monogamous. I collaborate with my clients to explore your strengths, needs, goals, history, and where you want to be in your life and relationships.
I work with individuals across the adult life span, couples/folks in relationships, and families who are looking to feel more connected to themselves and others, navigate distress and conflict, and build more meaningful relationships and lives. My clients encompass the spectrum of gender and sexuality identities and live within a variety of relationship structures - monogamous, polyamorous, and non-monogamous. I collaborate with my clients to explore your strengths, needs, goals, history, and where you want to be in your life and relationships.
(413) 216-9766 View (413) 216-9766
Photo of Patrick Rathbun, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patrick Rathbun
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
As Pema Chodron writes: "things are always in transition, if we could only realize it." Life's fluctuations are not easy, but I believe acceptance and self-kindness are essential to growth. Our ebbs and flows make things like our self-esteem hard to stabilize, but therapy can give us a truer evaluation of our worth.
As Pema Chodron writes: "things are always in transition, if we could only realize it." Life's fluctuations are not easy, but I believe acceptance and self-kindness are essential to growth. Our ebbs and flows make things like our self-esteem hard to stabilize, but therapy can give us a truer evaluation of our worth.
(413) 553-1380 View (413) 553-1380
Photo of Doug Wessel, MA, M Ed, LMHC, Counselor
Doug Wessel
Counselor, MA, M Ed, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
If you have been looking for a dependable sense of well-being in your life, knowing that how you feel and function in the world isn’t what it could be or what you’d like it to be, I offer professional and compassionate help. Your feelings and behaviors make sense and healing is possible. I help you become your own source of support and growth. Internal Family Systems (IFS) and informs my practice. We all have parts that can become less extreme, and a Self that is wise and compassionate. Trauma, attachment wounds, shame, self-hate and feeling insecure about ourselves can frequently be at the root of our struggles.
If you have been looking for a dependable sense of well-being in your life, knowing that how you feel and function in the world isn’t what it could be or what you’d like it to be, I offer professional and compassionate help. Your feelings and behaviors make sense and healing is possible. I help you become your own source of support and growth. Internal Family Systems (IFS) and informs my practice. We all have parts that can become less extreme, and a Self that is wise and compassionate. Trauma, attachment wounds, shame, self-hate and feeling insecure about ourselves can frequently be at the root of our struggles.
(978) 231-9609 View (978) 231-9609
Photo of Madilynn Rutherford, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Madilynn Rutherford
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
As a therapist with a PhD in Counseling Psychology, I dive deeply into a wide range of concerns including but not limited to trauma, anxiety, sexual and relationship concerns, grief, body image and existential dreads. Though the topics people come to therapy with are diverse and unique, there is an underlying thread that ties them all together: we are all human, seeking to be understood and cared for. I create a compassionate, non-judgmental therapeutic space where people feel they can be their full messy, human selves. Together, we can explore your inner world and work towards finding peace and purpose in your journey.
As a therapist with a PhD in Counseling Psychology, I dive deeply into a wide range of concerns including but not limited to trauma, anxiety, sexual and relationship concerns, grief, body image and existential dreads. Though the topics people come to therapy with are diverse and unique, there is an underlying thread that ties them all together: we are all human, seeking to be understood and cared for. I create a compassionate, non-judgmental therapeutic space where people feel they can be their full messy, human selves. Together, we can explore your inner world and work towards finding peace and purpose in your journey.
(413) 343-6530 View (413) 343-6530
Photo of Stephen J. Bradley - Stephen J. Bradley LICSW, LMHC, LICSW, LMHC
Stephen J. Bradley LICSW, LMHC
Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker, LICSW, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
Not accepting new clients
I have been working with children and families for more than 30 years. My approach is strength based and collaborative - my goal is to truly hear and support each person I work with whether individually or in a family. My "wheelhouse" is working with children, families and adults who have experienced developmental trauma. I use neuroscience, attachment and developmental approaches to work with trauma as it impacts children, adults, families, couples and individuals.
I have been working with children and families for more than 30 years. My approach is strength based and collaborative - my goal is to truly hear and support each person I work with whether individually or in a family. My "wheelhouse" is working with children, families and adults who have experienced developmental trauma. I use neuroscience, attachment and developmental approaches to work with trauma as it impacts children, adults, families, couples and individuals.
(413) 642-2329 View (413) 642-2329
Photo of Astrid Burke, LMHC, MA, Counselor
Astrid Burke
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm a remote therapist based in Western Mass and seeing clients in MA and NY. I love connecting deeply with my clients and understanding their life stories, past experiences, relationships, and identities. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that you are the expert of your own story. I imagine you in the driver's seat and me in the passenger seat, with you every step of the way, holding the map and offering guidance and support, but understanding that the real growth comes from you.
Welcome! I'm a remote therapist based in Western Mass and seeing clients in MA and NY. I love connecting deeply with my clients and understanding their life stories, past experiences, relationships, and identities. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that you are the expert of your own story. I imagine you in the driver's seat and me in the passenger seat, with you every step of the way, holding the map and offering guidance and support, but understanding that the real growth comes from you.
(917) 993-5130 View (917) 993-5130
Photo of Marian L MacDonald, PhD, Psychologist
Marian L MacDonald
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Northampton, MA 01060
I have been doing, teaching, and supervising psychotherapy continuously since 1969, and I still love it. I tailor my style to the needs of each person, drawing on Psychodynamic, Humanistic/Existential, Cognitive Behavioral, and Eye Movement Accelerated Resolution Therapies. I work with adults, seeking individual or couples therapy. And I am experienced with the full range of issues, from simple phobias to major affective and thought disorders. I believe patient-therapist match is extremely important and for that reason offer free initial, in person consultations. My office is located in Northampton, Massachusetts, and offers privacy, convenient parking, and pleasant surroundings.
I have been doing, teaching, and supervising psychotherapy continuously since 1969, and I still love it. I tailor my style to the needs of each person, drawing on Psychodynamic, Humanistic/Existential, Cognitive Behavioral, and Eye Movement Accelerated Resolution Therapies. I work with adults, seeking individual or couples therapy. And I am experienced with the full range of issues, from simple phobias to major affective and thought disorders. I believe patient-therapist match is extremely important and for that reason offer free initial, in person consultations. My office is located in Northampton, Massachusetts, and offers privacy, convenient parking, and pleasant surroundings.
(413) 931-1163 View (413) 931-1163
Photo of Leslie Gould-Barkman - Leslie Gould-Barkman Ladybug Body-Mind Healing, MSW, MCLC, BCTMB, CHT
Leslie Gould-Barkman Ladybug Body-Mind Healing
MSW, MCLC, BCTMB, CHT
Verified Verified
West Hatfield, MA 01088
Are you a chronic worrier? A people pleaser? Do you hear yourself saying, “What if...?” more often than you like? Do you feel the constant churn in your stomach or tightness in your chest? Is it uncomfortable just "being", not doing? Do you want to change but no matter how much you may understand about yourself, these patterns and behaviors persist? By bringing the wisdom of our bodies and the knowing of the subconscious into the therapeutic process we can reveal and release root causes, shedding the layers between who you think you are and who you really are, enabling you to live with a renewed sense of confidence and empowerment.
Are you a chronic worrier? A people pleaser? Do you hear yourself saying, “What if...?” more often than you like? Do you feel the constant churn in your stomach or tightness in your chest? Is it uncomfortable just "being", not doing? Do you want to change but no matter how much you may understand about yourself, these patterns and behaviors persist? By bringing the wisdom of our bodies and the knowing of the subconscious into the therapeutic process we can reveal and release root causes, shedding the layers between who you think you are and who you really are, enabling you to live with a renewed sense of confidence and empowerment.
(413) 923-6351 View (413) 923-6351
Photo of Liz Larkin, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liz Larkin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
Compassionate, engaged therapist available for teens (15+), emerging adults, and adults.
Compassionate, engaged therapist available for teens (15+), emerging adults, and adults.
(413) 402-6749 View (413) 402-6749
Photo of Frances Recchi, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Frances Recchi
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
If you are struggling to hold all the pieces together, experiencing stress over career, relationships, or life goals - you don't have to do it alone. Choosing to work with a therapist is a way of investing in yourself. It is time, set aside solely for you. We all carry the the imprint of our early experiences, our adaptive responses that helped us survive. You can benefit from letting go of coping strategies or defenses that are no longer serving your best self. Through a process of building insight, acceptance, and awareness, we will travel a path of healing old wounds, so that you can freely engage in the present.
If you are struggling to hold all the pieces together, experiencing stress over career, relationships, or life goals - you don't have to do it alone. Choosing to work with a therapist is a way of investing in yourself. It is time, set aside solely for you. We all carry the the imprint of our early experiences, our adaptive responses that helped us survive. You can benefit from letting go of coping strategies or defenses that are no longer serving your best self. Through a process of building insight, acceptance, and awareness, we will travel a path of healing old wounds, so that you can freely engage in the present.
(413) 613-4725 View (413) 613-4725
Emily Barr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Psychodynamic therapy/depth work with adults.
Psychodynamic therapy/depth work with adults.
(413) 423-0987 View (413) 423-0987
Photo of Grant D Bialek, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grant D Bialek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Suffering from depression and anxiety? Struggling with your relationship? Are you looking to connect with your values and move toward your goals? Would you like to improve your relationships with yourself and others? I'm now accepting telehealth clients, age 16+, scheduling limited afternoon and early evening appointments. Blue Cross Blue Shield, Optum, United Health, United Behavioral Health, Harvard Pilgrim, private pay accepted. If you need support for depression, anxiety, mood disorder, or relationship problems please contact me to schedule a short phone consultation.
Suffering from depression and anxiety? Struggling with your relationship? Are you looking to connect with your values and move toward your goals? Would you like to improve your relationships with yourself and others? I'm now accepting telehealth clients, age 16+, scheduling limited afternoon and early evening appointments. Blue Cross Blue Shield, Optum, United Health, United Behavioral Health, Harvard Pilgrim, private pay accepted. If you need support for depression, anxiety, mood disorder, or relationship problems please contact me to schedule a short phone consultation.
(413) 307-3828 View (413) 307-3828

See more therapy options for Sunderland

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sunderland, MA

< 10

Therapists in Sunderland, MA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
86% Relationship Issues
86% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
71% Life Transitions
57% ADHD

Average years in practice

23 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% Optum
83% Health New England (HNE)

How Therapists in Sunderland, MA see their clients

57% Online Only
43% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sunderland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.