Therapists in Metro Center, Springfield, MA

Photo of Cristen Sacco Dion, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cristen Sacco Dion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome! I'm glad that you're here. I'm Cristen, and I'd like to introduce myself as a compassionate Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. With over a decade of experience in providing psychotherapy to children and their families who are considered at-risk with a history of trauma, mental health diagnoses, and/or social services involvement.
Hello and welcome! I'm glad that you're here. I'm Cristen, and I'd like to introduce myself as a compassionate Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. With over a decade of experience in providing psychotherapy to children and their families who are considered at-risk with a history of trauma, mental health diagnoses, and/or social services involvement.
(413) 776-5149 View (413) 776-5149
Photo of Dori Dittmer, MA, PLC
Dori Dittmer
MA, PLC
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01101  (Online Only)
Are you an artist who is surrendering to life's challenges that prevent you from what's possible inside of your craft? Like: up all night worrying, constantly at loggerheads with your partner, have a lot to say to the world but don't know where to start, or you've reached a block or dead end in your creativity. You want time and energy to create your jaw-dropping art! And to have happy relationships with your partner and your kids, sleep well at night, contribute something to society, and have time to fully enjoy your life.
Are you an artist who is surrendering to life's challenges that prevent you from what's possible inside of your craft? Like: up all night worrying, constantly at loggerheads with your partner, have a lot to say to the world but don't know where to start, or you've reached a block or dead end in your creativity. You want time and energy to create your jaw-dropping art! And to have happy relationships with your partner and your kids, sleep well at night, contribute something to society, and have time to fully enjoy your life.
(413) 402-6657 View (413) 402-6657
Photo of Yanitza Quiles, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Yanitza Quiles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01104
Being a mom is hard enough without extra struggles like ADHD, anxiety, and constant feelings of overwhelm. You do so much for your family - are you also taking time to care for yourself? As a working mom of 3, I totally get it. The constant juggling of work, home, kids can be exhausting! On top of that, having an overwhelmed mind, trouble focusing, guilt, painful memories - it can feel impossible to find peace. But you deserve to feel confident and capable, not just for your family, but for YOU.
Being a mom is hard enough without extra struggles like ADHD, anxiety, and constant feelings of overwhelm. You do so much for your family - are you also taking time to care for yourself? As a working mom of 3, I totally get it. The constant juggling of work, home, kids can be exhausting! On top of that, having an overwhelmed mind, trouble focusing, guilt, painful memories - it can feel impossible to find peace. But you deserve to feel confident and capable, not just for your family, but for YOU.
(413) 224-6611 View (413) 224-6611
Photo of Shanna Hebert McNamara, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shanna Hebert McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01144  (Online Only)
My name is Shanna (Shay-nah) McNamara and I love my job! I have been working in the social work field for 13 years, and have been a therapist for over 8 years. Being a therapist is one of the most rewarding things I have accomplished, and I strive to work collaboratively with my clients to ensure we are on track towards their identified goals. I always prioritize the clients desires and needs out of treatment, and remind my clients I am not “magic,” I am a human helping other humans with life’s messy struggles, one step at a time. My clients have said they appreciate my honest approach with humor and laughter along the way.
My name is Shanna (Shay-nah) McNamara and I love my job! I have been working in the social work field for 13 years, and have been a therapist for over 8 years. Being a therapist is one of the most rewarding things I have accomplished, and I strive to work collaboratively with my clients to ensure we are on track towards their identified goals. I always prioritize the clients desires and needs out of treatment, and remind my clients I am not “magic,” I am a human helping other humans with life’s messy struggles, one step at a time. My clients have said they appreciate my honest approach with humor and laughter along the way.
(413) 287-7856 View (413) 287-7856
Photo of Mitch Blum - Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops, PsyD, MSW, Life, Coach
Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops
PsyD, MSW, Life, Coach
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
(413) 359-6997 View (413) 359-6997
Photo of Lolita Maria Hanley - L and L Life Enrichment Center, PsyD, LMHC, LADCI, Psychologist
L and L Life Enrichment Center
Psychologist, PsyD, LMHC, LADCI
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, bilingual in Spanish and English, who believes in a "whole person, whole health”, strength-based, treatment approach. I believe that our Mental/Emotional/Behavioral health Matters. Combined, they are fundamental to our ability as humans to think, emote, interact with each other and optimize our life quality and satisfaction . As such, my team and I work collaboratively with each client to provide culturally sensitive, evidenced based services, using creative and inspiring interventions catering to a diverse groups of all ages; human service professionals, first responders and teachers
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, bilingual in Spanish and English, who believes in a "whole person, whole health”, strength-based, treatment approach. I believe that our Mental/Emotional/Behavioral health Matters. Combined, they are fundamental to our ability as humans to think, emote, interact with each other and optimize our life quality and satisfaction . As such, my team and I work collaboratively with each client to provide culturally sensitive, evidenced based services, using creative and inspiring interventions catering to a diverse groups of all ages; human service professionals, first responders and teachers
(413) 304-3282 View (413) 304-3282
Photo of Lisa Corcoran, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Corcoran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Wait list -Please still sign up for a consult. Evenings/Weekends. 25+ years of helping people live fulfilled lives. This has been my passion for many years, and I am constantly in search of creative therapies and research to help my clients Thrive. Do you have concerns related to anxiety/stress/panic/OCD/phobias, depression/low self-esteem. Do you find yourself people pleasing or have difficulties drawing boundaries to create a more balanced life? I also have experience working with ADHD. Clients will gain new skills to better manage and regulate emotions, cope with stress and build the capacity to bounce back from adversity
Wait list -Please still sign up for a consult. Evenings/Weekends. 25+ years of helping people live fulfilled lives. This has been my passion for many years, and I am constantly in search of creative therapies and research to help my clients Thrive. Do you have concerns related to anxiety/stress/panic/OCD/phobias, depression/low self-esteem. Do you find yourself people pleasing or have difficulties drawing boundaries to create a more balanced life? I also have experience working with ADHD. Clients will gain new skills to better manage and regulate emotions, cope with stress and build the capacity to bounce back from adversity
(860) 854-2978 View (860) 854-2978
Photo of Viergelie Liberal, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Viergelie Liberal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01105  (Online Only)
Hello, I am a clinical social worker licensed in Massachusetts. I enjoy working with people and I am dedicated to providing therapy and support that empowers my clients to see challenges as opportunities. My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect and compassion. It takes courage to seek counseling and to take the first steps towards change.
Hello, I am a clinical social worker licensed in Massachusetts. I enjoy working with people and I am dedicated to providing therapy and support that empowers my clients to see challenges as opportunities. My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect and compassion. It takes courage to seek counseling and to take the first steps towards change.
(413) 675-5507 View (413) 675-5507
Photo of Barbara Kizzy Velazquez - Coffee & Therapy LLC, MEd, LMHC, Counselor
Coffee & Therapy LLC
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103  (Online Only)
It is my professional and personal opinion that mental health treatment is not as effective without spiritual wellness. I believe that most individuals can improve their mental health if they start working on finding purpose, committing to values and finding the meaning of life. There are some therapeutic interventions and skills that specifically address spiritual wellness and I will like to introduce them to individuals struggling with feeling spiritually broken or lost.
It is my professional and personal opinion that mental health treatment is not as effective without spiritual wellness. I believe that most individuals can improve their mental health if they start working on finding purpose, committing to values and finding the meaning of life. There are some therapeutic interventions and skills that specifically address spiritual wellness and I will like to introduce them to individuals struggling with feeling spiritually broken or lost.
(413) 287-9872 View (413) 287-9872
Photo of Ruhami J Valentin, MS, LMHC, NCC, CCATP, Counselor
Ruhami J Valentin
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC, CCATP
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103  (Online Only)
I am a Mental Health Counselor in Springfield, MA with special training and skills in working with individuals, groups and communities to improve mental health dysfunctions by discussing emotions and experiences, then prescribing custom holistic solutions. As a Mental Health Counselor, I perform assessments, diagnostics and psychotherapy as well as treatment planning.
I am a Mental Health Counselor in Springfield, MA with special training and skills in working with individuals, groups and communities to improve mental health dysfunctions by discussing emotions and experiences, then prescribing custom holistic solutions. As a Mental Health Counselor, I perform assessments, diagnostics and psychotherapy as well as treatment planning.
(413) 213-3405 View (413) 213-3405
Photo of Jenise L Katalina - Kindred Healing Counseling Services, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kindred Healing Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103
Currently- limited availability for daytime sessions: in person and virtual I enjoy supporting adults with navigating life changes, anxiety, social, racial, and cultural challenges. I have experience working with multigenerational families and enjoy working with expecting/ new parents and supporting the parent-child dyad. I am also experienced in providing reflective supervision, consultation and career coaching.
Currently- limited availability for daytime sessions: in person and virtual I enjoy supporting adults with navigating life changes, anxiety, social, racial, and cultural challenges. I have experience working with multigenerational families and enjoy working with expecting/ new parents and supporting the parent-child dyad. I am also experienced in providing reflective supervision, consultation and career coaching.
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Photo of Marian Santandreu, PsyD, Psychologist
Marian Santandreu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103
I am a licensed psychologist, bilingual in English and Spanish. With over 17 years of experience working in community mental health, schools, nursing homes, healthcare system and private practice, I have served individuals from the age of 6 to 99 who have struggled with a wide variety of behavioral and mental health concerns including ADHD, Autism, Anxiety, Depression and trauma. In order to treat mental health concerns, I have been trained in different models including DBT, CBT, TF-CBT, hypnosis and Accelerated Resolution Therapy. I also specialize in psychological testing for Autism, ADHD, dementia and R/O of other diagnoses.
I am a licensed psychologist, bilingual in English and Spanish. With over 17 years of experience working in community mental health, schools, nursing homes, healthcare system and private practice, I have served individuals from the age of 6 to 99 who have struggled with a wide variety of behavioral and mental health concerns including ADHD, Autism, Anxiety, Depression and trauma. In order to treat mental health concerns, I have been trained in different models including DBT, CBT, TF-CBT, hypnosis and Accelerated Resolution Therapy. I also specialize in psychological testing for Autism, ADHD, dementia and R/O of other diagnoses.
(413) 650-1449 View (413) 650-1449
Photo of Kelly Ann D'Angelo - Kelly D'Angelo, D'Angelo Educational Services, NCSP, LPC, LEP
Kelly D'Angelo, D'Angelo Educational Services
NCSP, LPC, LEP
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01101
I am the owner/operator of D'Angelo Educational Services, LLC. My goal in establishing an independent practice was to bring a range of school psychological services directly to districts, students, and families. I am pleased to offer Autism assessments including ADOS-2 evaluations in addition to comprehensive psychological and psycho-educational evaluations. Related services and speech/language evaluations are also available through a professional partnership with experienced SLPs. I have a passion for working with children, families, and educators and helping to put supports in place to see our next generation of students succeed.
I am the owner/operator of D'Angelo Educational Services, LLC. My goal in establishing an independent practice was to bring a range of school psychological services directly to districts, students, and families. I am pleased to offer Autism assessments including ADOS-2 evaluations in addition to comprehensive psychological and psycho-educational evaluations. Related services and speech/language evaluations are also available through a professional partnership with experienced SLPs. I have a passion for working with children, families, and educators and helping to put supports in place to see our next generation of students succeed.
(413) 287-8182 View (413) 287-8182
Photo of Benjamin Paul Ocasio, PhD, MSW, LICSW, LADC I, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Benjamin Paul Ocasio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, LICSW, LADC I
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01144  (Online Only)
One Monarch Place, Suite 530 Springfield, MA 01144 4134043548
One Monarch Place, Suite 530 Springfield, MA 01144 4134043548
(413) 300-9858 View (413) 300-9858
Photo of Dr. Soraya Sawicki, DSW, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Soraya Sawicki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103
At Infinity, we provide a beautiful, comfortable space, where you will be treated with the utmost respect while ensuring confidentiality and addressing your needs. I am the owner and primary practitioner at Infinity, where I have experience in working with individuals, couples, and families. I treat depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, secondary trauma, ( vicarious-T ) and I do life coaching. Services can be offered in English or Spanish. Infinity offers an array of services, beginning with a full assessment and working with the client on goals and ensuring that the client is part of creating the treatment plan.
At Infinity, we provide a beautiful, comfortable space, where you will be treated with the utmost respect while ensuring confidentiality and addressing your needs. I am the owner and primary practitioner at Infinity, where I have experience in working with individuals, couples, and families. I treat depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, secondary trauma, ( vicarious-T ) and I do life coaching. Services can be offered in English or Spanish. Infinity offers an array of services, beginning with a full assessment and working with the client on goals and ensuring that the client is part of creating the treatment plan.
(413) 384-5517 View (413) 384-5517
Photo of Gloria J Dawkins, MA, LPC-A, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Gloria J Dawkins
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103  (Online Only)
Congratulations on this phenomenal step towards a healthier, joyous, and fulfilling life. Let me pour you a cup of tea/coffee and make yourself comfortable. As you journey through life, things sometimes do not go how you want or plan. You may not move forward due to anxiety, depression, fear, or trauma. You may be in a relationship that is no longer what it once was. You may struggle to adjust or transition to the next life phase. You may raise children/teens and often worry about their well-being, wonder what to do, or question every decision you make. You may feel lonely and wish you had somebody to talk to.
Congratulations on this phenomenal step towards a healthier, joyous, and fulfilling life. Let me pour you a cup of tea/coffee and make yourself comfortable. As you journey through life, things sometimes do not go how you want or plan. You may not move forward due to anxiety, depression, fear, or trauma. You may be in a relationship that is no longer what it once was. You may struggle to adjust or transition to the next life phase. You may raise children/teens and often worry about their well-being, wonder what to do, or question every decision you make. You may feel lonely and wish you had somebody to talk to.
(475) 263-4632 View (475) 263-4632
Photo of Whitney Dodds, MA, LPC, LMHC, Counselor
Whitney Dodds
Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103  (Online Only)
At Wellness for the Culture, we are passionate about the well-being of people. Our mission is to motivate, uplift, and educate people through mental health services. Our approach is tailor made to encourage engagement, within my community, all the while guiding people to healing by any means necessary. We believe there are no limits to what you can do, or who you can become, if you are ready to do the hard work of healing. to schedule a consultation, visit wellnessfortheculture.com.
At Wellness for the Culture, we are passionate about the well-being of people. Our mission is to motivate, uplift, and educate people through mental health services. Our approach is tailor made to encourage engagement, within my community, all the while guiding people to healing by any means necessary. We believe there are no limits to what you can do, or who you can become, if you are ready to do the hard work of healing. to schedule a consultation, visit wellnessfortheculture.com.
(980) 737-0783 View (980) 737-0783
Photo of Francelys Desarden-Flores, Pre-Licensed Professional
Francelys Desarden-Flores
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103  (Online Only)
I have 5 years of experience specializing in children and adults with depression, anxiety, and trauma. I hold a Trauma and DV certification. My approach to therapy is CBT and humanistic. I love to work with families and to employ therapy centered on the client and multimodal model.
I have 5 years of experience specializing in children and adults with depression, anxiety, and trauma. I hold a Trauma and DV certification. My approach to therapy is CBT and humanistic. I love to work with families and to employ therapy centered on the client and multimodal model.
(413) 324-4351 View (413) 324-4351
Photo of William Golden Davidson, LMHC, Counselor
William Golden Davidson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01151  (Online Only)
I have a lot of experience treating children and adults with ADHD and Autism. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is very effective for treating Depression and Anxiety disorders such as OCD, and Social Anxiety.
I have a lot of experience treating children and adults with ADHD and Autism. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is very effective for treating Depression and Anxiety disorders such as OCD, and Social Anxiety.
(413) 207-9867 View (413) 207-9867
Photo of Robert Page - Community Caring Clinic, PhD
Community Caring Clinic
PhD
Verified Verified
Metro Center, Springfield, MA 01103
Our behavioral health care practice offers services to all people including, low-income, migrant and refugee communities in the greater Boston Area and Springfield, Massachusetts. Our Focus is to provide a cost-effective, quality treatment to wide spectrum of society that may not have access to quality, comprehensive care. Our mission is to provide an opportunity for underserved children, young people, families, and individuals to promote and strengthen their mental, spiritual, and physical health.
Our behavioral health care practice offers services to all people including, low-income, migrant and refugee communities in the greater Boston Area and Springfield, Massachusetts. Our Focus is to provide a cost-effective, quality treatment to wide spectrum of society that may not have access to quality, comprehensive care. Our mission is to provide an opportunity for underserved children, young people, families, and individuals to promote and strengthen their mental, spiritual, and physical health.
(413) 289-8131 View (413) 289-8131
1

See more therapy options for Metro Center, Springfield

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Metro Center, Springfield, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Metro Center, Springfield, MA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress
68% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Optum
68% Aetna

How Therapists in Metro Center, Springfield, MA see their clients

58% Online Only
42% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Metro Center, Springfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.