Substance Use Therapists in Roslindale, MA

Photo of Faith McVicker, LMHC, Counselor
Faith McVicker
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131
I am a client-centered therapist experienced in mood-disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders and am seasoned in working with clients with PTSD and complex trauma.
Hi! My name is Faith McVicker and I am a psychotherapist who enjoys working with a wide variety of adults and adolescents. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental, warm, empowering space for my clients. I create treatment goals with my client based on their own personal wants, needs, and desires and I foster a space that allows for growth and self-discovery. I received my Master's in School Counseling from Boston College and my Master's in Mental Health Counseling from Cambridge College. I have worked in Schools, Partial Hospitalization Programs, and Community-based agencies.
I am a client-centered therapist experienced in mood-disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders and am seasoned in working with clients with PTSD and complex trauma.
Hi! My name is Faith McVicker and I am a psychotherapist who enjoys working with a wide variety of adults and adolescents. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental, warm, empowering space for my clients. I create treatment goals with my client based on their own personal wants, needs, and desires and I foster a space that allows for growth and self-discovery. I received my Master's in School Counseling from Boston College and my Master's in Mental Health Counseling from Cambridge College. I have worked in Schools, Partial Hospitalization Programs, and Community-based agencies.
(857) 273-2124 View (857) 273-2124
Photo of Nathan Whitson, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nathan Whitson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131
Nathan Whitson (he/him/his) is a psychotherapist with experience working primarily with adults and adolescents. He earned his bachelor’s degree in psychology from New York University and his master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Boston College. Nathan has worked with clients spanning a wide range of presenting issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, trauma-related disorders, and substance use. Nathan sees clients in our Roslindale office, or via Telehealth.
Nathan Whitson (he/him/his) is a psychotherapist with experience working primarily with adults and adolescents. He earned his bachelor’s degree in psychology from New York University and his master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Boston College. Nathan has worked with clients spanning a wide range of presenting issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, trauma-related disorders, and substance use. Nathan sees clients in our Roslindale office, or via Telehealth.
(857) 267-9572 View (857) 267-9572
Photo of Claudia A Harris, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Claudia A Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131
By interweaving different types of therapy, we collaborate towards your goals in a way that's effective and respectful of your time, energy and money. Each session can be useful - I track this carefully by asking for feedback and by giving choices on how we work together. The time in-between sessions also is used - through practice 'homework' we choose individually, as a couple or as a family, or through observation/thinking. This helps us to identify what helps you to change or restrains you from change - we can then work together from an attitude of curiosity rather than "shoulds".
By interweaving different types of therapy, we collaborate towards your goals in a way that's effective and respectful of your time, energy and money. Each session can be useful - I track this carefully by asking for feedback and by giving choices on how we work together. The time in-between sessions also is used - through practice 'homework' we choose individually, as a couple or as a family, or through observation/thinking. This helps us to identify what helps you to change or restrains you from change - we can then work together from an attitude of curiosity rather than "shoulds".
(617) 500-3838 View (617) 500-3838
Photo of Amy R Offenberg, MSW, MPH, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy R Offenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MPH, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roslindale, MA 02131
It is easy to get overwhelmed with life and it's day to day challenges.Sometimes all it takes to make things easier, is someone to listen and help us see things from a different perspective. Asking for help at a difficult time is not easy. I value the opportunity to work with my clients to provide support and direction during challenging times.
It is easy to get overwhelmed with life and it's day to day challenges.Sometimes all it takes to make things easier, is someone to listen and help us see things from a different perspective. Asking for help at a difficult time is not easy. I value the opportunity to work with my clients to provide support and direction during challenging times.
(857) 313-3853 View (857) 313-3853
Photo of Leroy Adams - LA Counseling, LMHC, REV, Counselor
LA Counseling
Counselor, LMHC, REV
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roslindale, MA 02131
Mental health is how we think, feel and act as we cope with life. It helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others and make choices. Like physical health, mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Everyone feels worried, anxious, sad or stressed sometimes. But with a mental illness, these feelings do not go away and are severe enough to interfere with your daily life. It can make it hard meeting and keeping friends, hold a job or enjoy life. "Get plugged In". You cannot wish your problems away. Therapy can help.
Mental health is how we think, feel and act as we cope with life. It helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others and make choices. Like physical health, mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Everyone feels worried, anxious, sad or stressed sometimes. But with a mental illness, these feelings do not go away and are severe enough to interfere with your daily life. It can make it hard meeting and keeping friends, hold a job or enjoy life. "Get plugged In". You cannot wish your problems away. Therapy can help.
(781) 437-6988 View (781) 437-6988
Photo of Paulette Sewell-Reid - LaRochante Int'l Counseling Services, LMHC, MEd, Counselor
LaRochante Int'l Counseling Services
Counselor, LMHC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roslindale, MA 02131
At times life hits us hard, we find ourselves struggling with problems that seem overwhelming and we see no way out. Do not hesitate to ask for help. Therapy is not as scary as you think. As your therapist, I will provide a safe and confidential space as we work together to empower you on your journey to taking back control of your life. I am a licensed mental health counselor with over 12 years of experience in providing therapy for couples, individuals and families in crisis. I will be the shoulder you can lean on.
At times life hits us hard, we find ourselves struggling with problems that seem overwhelming and we see no way out. Do not hesitate to ask for help. Therapy is not as scary as you think. As your therapist, I will provide a safe and confidential space as we work together to empower you on your journey to taking back control of your life. I am a licensed mental health counselor with over 12 years of experience in providing therapy for couples, individuals and families in crisis. I will be the shoulder you can lean on.
(617) 860-2810 View (617) 860-2810
Photo of George J. Chip Bradish, LMHC, MA, Counselor
George J. Chip Bradish
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131
For over 25 years I have worked with individuals, couples, groups and families to help them find greater clarity and balance, equipping them with the critical skills they need to navigate the challenges of living in a face paced, digital and individualized world. I rely greatly on the tenants of IFS therapy and support that with a holistic and non-pathologizing outlook. I believe that we all carry a self healing drive, that, when supported correctly, leads to improved health and well being. For those with a spiritual bent or curiosity, I aim to bear witness to the intimacies and intricacies of your journey.
For over 25 years I have worked with individuals, couples, groups and families to help them find greater clarity and balance, equipping them with the critical skills they need to navigate the challenges of living in a face paced, digital and individualized world. I rely greatly on the tenants of IFS therapy and support that with a holistic and non-pathologizing outlook. I believe that we all carry a self healing drive, that, when supported correctly, leads to improved health and well being. For those with a spiritual bent or curiosity, I aim to bear witness to the intimacies and intricacies of your journey.
(617) 934-0186 View (617) 934-0186
Photo of Chiara Scully, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chiara Scully
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131
All people at some point will find themselves stuck, unsure of the path they are on or the choices they are making, or hoping to improve the relationships they are having with themselves and others. Therapy can be a useful space to help people unlock the solutions within themselves and foster positive changes, personal agency, and sense of self-worth. I offer therapy that is rooted in principles of flexibility, responsivity, collaboration, and creativity. We will clarify and work towards goals of your choosing, such as concrete behavioral changes, accessing resources, deepening emotional understanding, or improving relationships.
All people at some point will find themselves stuck, unsure of the path they are on or the choices they are making, or hoping to improve the relationships they are having with themselves and others. Therapy can be a useful space to help people unlock the solutions within themselves and foster positive changes, personal agency, and sense of self-worth. I offer therapy that is rooted in principles of flexibility, responsivity, collaboration, and creativity. We will clarify and work towards goals of your choosing, such as concrete behavioral changes, accessing resources, deepening emotional understanding, or improving relationships.
(857) 382-3212 View (857) 382-3212
Photo of Audra Gilsing, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Audra Gilsing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131
Not accepting new clients
Not Accepting New Clients at this time-We all go through times in life where we struggle to cope. It takes courage to ask for help. Perhaps you are dealing with a loss, an issue in your relationship, family stressors or a life transition. Whether you are seeking to gain new insights and skills or just need a place to talk through the things on your mind, I offer a safe, compassionate space. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and issues related to pregnancy, postpartum, and parenting. I frequently work with clients identifying as LGBTQ and have specialized training in this area.
Not Accepting New Clients at this time-We all go through times in life where we struggle to cope. It takes courage to ask for help. Perhaps you are dealing with a loss, an issue in your relationship, family stressors or a life transition. Whether you are seeking to gain new insights and skills or just need a place to talk through the things on your mind, I offer a safe, compassionate space. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and issues related to pregnancy, postpartum, and parenting. I frequently work with clients identifying as LGBTQ and have specialized training in this area.
(617) 804-5118 View (617) 804-5118

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Nadia Valentin - NewVision Healthcare Group, PC, DNP, LMHC, PMHNP, MD
NewVision Healthcare Group, PC
DNP, LMHC, PMHNP, MD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02126
We offer psychotherapy and psychotropic medical evaluations, consults, and medication management for individuals with intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities, depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorders, substance use, and other chronic mental illnesses.
At NewVision Healthcare Group we educate, not medicate! We are a private practice specializing in Psychiatry/Mental/Behavioral Health using a patient centered approach. Our goal is to provide clients with the education, resources and psychosocial support they need, in order to make an informed decision about their mental health. We work with individuals with neurocognitive and intellectual disabilities as well as depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorders, substance use and other chronic mental illnesses.
We offer psychotherapy and psychotropic medical evaluations, consults, and medication management for individuals with intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities, depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorders, substance use, and other chronic mental illnesses.
At NewVision Healthcare Group we educate, not medicate! We are a private practice specializing in Psychiatry/Mental/Behavioral Health using a patient centered approach. Our goal is to provide clients with the education, resources and psychosocial support they need, in order to make an informed decision about their mental health. We work with individuals with neurocognitive and intellectual disabilities as well as depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorders, substance use and other chronic mental illnesses.
(781) 790-4127 View (781) 790-4127
Photo of Jonathan Jurow, LMHC, Counselor
Jonathan Jurow
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02130
I work with people interested in harm reduction and abstinence based approaches to managing substance use.
I work with adults, groups, and couples, managing a range of personal and interpersonal challenges, from anxiety and depression, to addiction and major relationship dysfunction. If you are troubled by unsatisfying or unstable relationships with family members and/or partners, low self esteem, feeling stuck, concerns about your substance use, coping with transitions, spiritual or existential challenges, impulsive behavior, procrastination, or anxiety, I'd love to hear from you.
I work with people interested in harm reduction and abstinence based approaches to managing substance use.
I work with adults, groups, and couples, managing a range of personal and interpersonal challenges, from anxiety and depression, to addiction and major relationship dysfunction. If you are troubled by unsatisfying or unstable relationships with family members and/or partners, low self esteem, feeling stuck, concerns about your substance use, coping with transitions, spiritual or existential challenges, impulsive behavior, procrastination, or anxiety, I'd love to hear from you.
(617) 329-5681 View (617) 329-5681
Photo of Scott Callaghan, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Scott Callaghan
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
Scott Callaghan takes a client-centered approach to therapy. He enjoys building a solid rapport with each client to make them feel comfortable during sessions. Scott uses humor and authenticity to create a positive environment for the client. He works with a variety of presenting issues, including substance use and addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress management.
Scott Callaghan takes a client-centered approach to therapy. He enjoys building a solid rapport with each client to make them feel comfortable during sessions. Scott uses humor and authenticity to create a positive environment for the client. He works with a variety of presenting issues, including substance use and addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress management.
(508) 682-5472 View (508) 682-5472
Photo of Jaki Neering - Inspire Recovery, MSW
Inspire Recovery
Registered Social Worker Intern, MSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Boston, MA 02130
I offer LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapy for substance use issues and mental health issues.
Jaki Neering, MSW, takes a loving & progressive approach when working with the LGBTQIA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual + community. She graduated from Barry University in 2016 with a Master in Social Work. Jaki believes in the power of trauma-informed interventions, which recognizes human vulnerability but focuses on finding strengths, resources, and capacity for healing and recovery, by promoting factors that will enhance a person's resilience. She has a passion for empowering marginalized populations, and she is devoted to serving the LGBTQIA+ population suffering with alcoholism, drug addiction & mental health issues. Jaki assists individuals in finding their voice, and advocates for self-expression. Additionally, Jaki believes in the transformation of recovery, and is passionate about helping others find their truth.
I offer LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapy for substance use issues and mental health issues.
Jaki Neering, MSW, takes a loving & progressive approach when working with the LGBTQIA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual + community. She graduated from Barry University in 2016 with a Master in Social Work. Jaki believes in the power of trauma-informed interventions, which recognizes human vulnerability but focuses on finding strengths, resources, and capacity for healing and recovery, by promoting factors that will enhance a person's resilience. She has a passion for empowering marginalized populations, and she is devoted to serving the LGBTQIA+ population suffering with alcoholism, drug addiction & mental health issues. Jaki assists individuals in finding their voice, and advocates for self-expression. Additionally, Jaki believes in the transformation of recovery, and is passionate about helping others find their truth.
(561) 475-4729 View (561) 475-4729
Photo of Michael Kushner, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Kushner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jamaica Plain, MA 02130  (Online Only)
I often support clients with academic stress, health-related stress, family pressures, and substance use.
With a focus on collaboration, I strive to guide individuals through their challenges, helping them develop effective coping skills and achieve meaningful, positive transformations. I bring extensive experience in working with children, teenagers, and young adults. Whether it's addressing mood disorders, trauma-related issues, or substance use concerns, I provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for exploration and growth. I offer expertise in family therapy, individual therapy and couples counseling.
I often support clients with academic stress, health-related stress, family pressures, and substance use.
With a focus on collaboration, I strive to guide individuals through their challenges, helping them develop effective coping skills and achieve meaningful, positive transformations. I bring extensive experience in working with children, teenagers, and young adults. Whether it's addressing mood disorders, trauma-related issues, or substance use concerns, I provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for exploration and growth. I offer expertise in family therapy, individual therapy and couples counseling.
(857) 384-5148 View (857) 384-5148
Photo of Alec J Lotstein, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alec J Lotstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping adults with stress, anxiety, panic attacks, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, substance use, and other addictions. I also bring warmth and acceptance in supporting clients with the various pressures of life, such as work, relationships, family, school, health, and finances. Whether you are looking for a place to vent your frustrations, someone to bounce ideas off of, or specific tools and strategies to manage symptoms or difficult situations, I am here to listen, to support you with empathy and compassion, and to collaborate together to build upon your strengths.
I specialize in helping adults with stress, anxiety, panic attacks, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma, substance use, and other addictions. I also bring warmth and acceptance in supporting clients with the various pressures of life, such as work, relationships, family, school, health, and finances. Whether you are looking for a place to vent your frustrations, someone to bounce ideas off of, or specific tools and strategies to manage symptoms or difficult situations, I am here to listen, to support you with empathy and compassion, and to collaborate together to build upon your strengths.
(508) 906-7220 View (508) 906-7220
Photo of Devin Hope, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Devin Hope
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131  (Online Only)
My work has consisted in treating substance use, relationship issues, women's issues, LGBTQ+, homelessness, domestic violence, anxiety and depression.
I am a LICSW in both RI and MA. My ideal client would be looking for a space where they can grow and be challenged while feeling supported and heard throughout their process. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, couples, and adults with substance use disorders. I have a particular passion for working with couples, Women's/men's issues as well as anyone from the LGBTQ+ community. As a self-identified member of the Queer community, I am passionate about working with this underserved population and creating a safe space where LGBTQ+ people can receive support without having to explain their identity or experience.
My work has consisted in treating substance use, relationship issues, women's issues, LGBTQ+, homelessness, domestic violence, anxiety and depression.
I am a LICSW in both RI and MA. My ideal client would be looking for a space where they can grow and be challenged while feeling supported and heard throughout their process. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, couples, and adults with substance use disorders. I have a particular passion for working with couples, Women's/men's issues as well as anyone from the LGBTQ+ community. As a self-identified member of the Queer community, I am passionate about working with this underserved population and creating a safe space where LGBTQ+ people can receive support without having to explain their identity or experience.
(401) 583-6620 View (401) 583-6620
Photo of Haley Feickert, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Haley Feickert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130
She treats anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, mood disorders, substance use issues, and any other struggles that clients feel is affecting their daily life.
Haley received her MSW from Boston University and has experience working with children, teens, adults, families, and groups and has worked in both school and outpatient settings. Haley's style is to hold space for her clients to explore their own patterns and interpersonal dynamics, with a goal of finding a better understanding of themselves within their relationships and families.
She treats anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, mood disorders, substance use issues, and any other struggles that clients feel is affecting their daily life.
Haley received her MSW from Boston University and has experience working with children, teens, adults, families, and groups and has worked in both school and outpatient settings. Haley's style is to hold space for her clients to explore their own patterns and interpersonal dynamics, with a goal of finding a better understanding of themselves within their relationships and families.
(617) 380-6132 View (617) 380-6132
Photo of Sherry Ceridan, Psya, D, MA, LMHC, RN, Counselor
Sherry Ceridan
Counselor, Psya, D, MA, LMHC, RN
Verified Verified
Jamaica Plain, MA 02130
Discussing substance use including family members concerns of another's use.
Are you feeling depressed or anxious? Do you or someone close to you have a substance use concern? Has a traumatic event occurred? Are you wondering about your career? Are educational concerns a worry to you? Starting or renewing a therapy endeavor might be something to investigate.
Discussing substance use including family members concerns of another's use.
Are you feeling depressed or anxious? Do you or someone close to you have a substance use concern? Has a traumatic event occurred? Are you wondering about your career? Are educational concerns a worry to you? Starting or renewing a therapy endeavor might be something to investigate.
(617) 981-7419 View (617) 981-7419
Photo of Eliezer Bercuson, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Eliezer Bercuson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
I specialize in helping clients to cope with depression, anxiety, marital conflicts, family conflicts, trauma, grief, codependency, attachment, and substance use.
My extensive journey as a counselor has taught me that, wherever one finds oneself in life, lasting change is not only possible, but within reach. Embracing an integrative approach to psychotherapy, I draw upon a rich tapestry of modalities in order to tailor a treatment plan to each individual's unique circumstances. I encourage clients to build upon their own strengths and to tap into their innate desire to flourish. I create a therapeutic space free of judgment or prejudice. I believe that treatment is fundamentally an interactive process in which the client will develop and foster the skills to live fully and with meaning.
I specialize in helping clients to cope with depression, anxiety, marital conflicts, family conflicts, trauma, grief, codependency, attachment, and substance use.
My extensive journey as a counselor has taught me that, wherever one finds oneself in life, lasting change is not only possible, but within reach. Embracing an integrative approach to psychotherapy, I draw upon a rich tapestry of modalities in order to tailor a treatment plan to each individual's unique circumstances. I encourage clients to build upon their own strengths and to tap into their innate desire to flourish. I create a therapeutic space free of judgment or prejudice. I believe that treatment is fundamentally an interactive process in which the client will develop and foster the skills to live fully and with meaning.
(781) 742-1954 View (781) 742-1954
Photo of Georgia Thomas-Diaz, LMHC, LADC1, CTS, Counselor
Georgia Thomas-Diaz
Counselor, LMHC, LADC1, CTS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02131
As a warm, compassionate, and bilingual therapist with a culturally diverse background, I specialize in working with individuals from all walks of life, particularly those dealing with difficult life experiences, anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use and intimate partner violence.
I firmly believe in everyone's potential to heal from the wounds caused by life's challenges. My experience includes working with individuals struggling with overwhelming worry, low mood, relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, grief, substance use, and trauma. In my practice, I adopt a collaborative approach with my clients, developing creative and compelling plans to build strengths and support emotional growth.
As a warm, compassionate, and bilingual therapist with a culturally diverse background, I specialize in working with individuals from all walks of life, particularly those dealing with difficult life experiences, anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use and intimate partner violence.
I firmly believe in everyone's potential to heal from the wounds caused by life's challenges. My experience includes working with individuals struggling with overwhelming worry, low mood, relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, grief, substance use, and trauma. In my practice, I adopt a collaborative approach with my clients, developing creative and compelling plans to build strengths and support emotional growth.
(857) 349-5178 View (857) 349-5178
Substance Use Therapists

How do substance and drug recovery or rehabilitation programs work?

In inpatient programs, individuals live in a facility with other clients in recovery; in outpatient programs, individuals reside at home. These facilities are staffed with healthcare professionals including physicians, nurses, psychologists, counselors, and psychotherapists. Staff often also includes people who have recovered themselves, serving as mentors and guides. These programs may use abstinence, harm reduction, detoxification, psychotherapy, and other methods.

How do 12-step programs combined with psychotherapy work?

Members of 12-step programs help each other reach abstinence and work to maintain it. These programs promote complete change in the individual’s emotional, mental, physical, and even spiritual perspectives. Some programs require that new members attend 90 meetings in 90 days. Many people do attend these programs in conjunction with their work in psychotherapy; the combination of therapy along with 12-step can be extremely effective.

How does harm reduction combined with psychotherapy work?

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, harm reduction prevents death, injury, disease, overdose, and substance misuse. People who choose harm reduction for substance use reduce the amount of drugs they consume. It is not abstinence-based like a 12-step program, but combining harm reduction with psychotherapy proves to be effective for many people.

Are there specific medications for substance and drug use?

There are medications approved to treat substance use disorder—such as buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone, and acamprosate. These medications do help people cope with substance use as well as avoid the problem of relapse. Naltrexone can help reduce cravings, methadone is an opioid medication used to treat severe pain, and acamprosate may help ease symptoms like poor sleep and anxious feelings.