Adoption Therapists in North Reading, MA

Photo of Cheryl B Kronhaus - Reading Counseling, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Reading Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
North Reading, MA 01864
My personal mission is to show compassion and care to every client/person that I come into contact with. I firmly believe that every person does the best they can with what they have to work with. My respectful approach considers you to be the expert in your own life and offers you the sounding board to come to your own conclusions with empathy and support.
My personal mission is to show compassion and care to every client/person that I come into contact with. I firmly believe that every person does the best they can with what they have to work with. My respectful approach considers you to be the expert in your own life and offers you the sounding board to come to your own conclusions with empathy and support.
(978) 396-1440 x01864 View (978) 396-1440 x01864
Photo of Lisa Montanye, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Montanye
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
North Reading, MA 01864
Note** I am currently not accepting new patients. I have been a therapist for 20+ years and have worked at MGH for the last 12 as well as having a private practice. I consider myself to be a warm, genuine therapist and have experience treating anxiety, depression, bipolar, trauma, substance abuse and relationship issues. I have worked with individuals throughout the life span but particularly enjoy adults and couples. I come from a psychodynamic perspective and also include cognitive-behavioral as well as solution focused therapies in my treatment. Entering therapy is not always an easy step to make, but it can change your life.
Note** I am currently not accepting new patients. I have been a therapist for 20+ years and have worked at MGH for the last 12 as well as having a private practice. I consider myself to be a warm, genuine therapist and have experience treating anxiety, depression, bipolar, trauma, substance abuse and relationship issues. I have worked with individuals throughout the life span but particularly enjoy adults and couples. I come from a psychodynamic perspective and also include cognitive-behavioral as well as solution focused therapies in my treatment. Entering therapy is not always an easy step to make, but it can change your life.
(781) 350-3131 View (781) 350-3131
Photo of Joyce Davis, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joyce Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
North Reading, MA 01864
Hello, Finding the right therapist can be one the most important decisions one makes in their life. Whether you are seeking help during a particularly difficult time or want to explore unhelpful life patterns I welcome your call. I am a Smith College School of Social Work graduate with over 25 years of experience providing psychotherapy to individuals. Treatment is tailored to meet individual's goals and needs and I provide both short and long-term work.
Hello, Finding the right therapist can be one the most important decisions one makes in their life. Whether you are seeking help during a particularly difficult time or want to explore unhelpful life patterns I welcome your call. I am a Smith College School of Social Work graduate with over 25 years of experience providing psychotherapy to individuals. Treatment is tailored to meet individual's goals and needs and I provide both short and long-term work.
(978) 396-9088 View (978) 396-9088
Photo of David Rainen, PsyD, Psychologist
David Rainen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Reading, MA 01864
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with an extensive background treating a variety of different ages, situations, emotional and mental health disorders in individuals and their families. I specialize in treating adolescents and college-age students, but also have significant expertise providing treatment to adults, families, and couples.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with an extensive background treating a variety of different ages, situations, emotional and mental health disorders in individuals and their families. I specialize in treating adolescents and college-age students, but also have significant expertise providing treatment to adults, families, and couples.
(978) 424-4741 View (978) 424-4741
Photo of Lexi Mastrangelo, LMHC, PMH-C, Counselor
Lexi Mastrangelo
Counselor, LMHC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
North Reading, MA 01864
Waitlist for new clients
You deserve to feel strong, confident, and beautiful- but for many women and teens, anxiety, depression, or trauma can lead to feeling lost, misunderstood, or stuck in negative patterns. Maybe you aren't who you used to be and want to find your inner strength and confidence in order to build positive, healthy connections. You want to manage stress without feeling completely overwhelmed and find strategies that actually work to reduce sadness and anxiety. If you're looking for some guidance on how to get there, give me a call. My clients find success in learning to trust themselves and make choices they can feel good about.
You deserve to feel strong, confident, and beautiful- but for many women and teens, anxiety, depression, or trauma can lead to feeling lost, misunderstood, or stuck in negative patterns. Maybe you aren't who you used to be and want to find your inner strength and confidence in order to build positive, healthy connections. You want to manage stress without feeling completely overwhelmed and find strategies that actually work to reduce sadness and anxiety. If you're looking for some guidance on how to get there, give me a call. My clients find success in learning to trust themselves and make choices they can feel good about.
(781) 912-3633 View (781) 912-3633
Photo of Channing Storey, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Channing Storey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
North Reading, MA 01864
Please reach out via email if interested in scheduling an initial assessment/session. I hold the foundational view that all of our stories occur within the context of the family, cultural, and social systems in which we live. Therefore, the pressure and supports that each of these systems provide are integral parts of both how we experience challenges and how we heal them. In each session, I utilize a strengths-based approach as well as my training in Family Systems Therapy to contour the work in order to find greater balance in client’s lives.
Please reach out via email if interested in scheduling an initial assessment/session. I hold the foundational view that all of our stories occur within the context of the family, cultural, and social systems in which we live. Therefore, the pressure and supports that each of these systems provide are integral parts of both how we experience challenges and how we heal them. In each session, I utilize a strengths-based approach as well as my training in Family Systems Therapy to contour the work in order to find greater balance in client’s lives.
(351) 777-2401 View (351) 777-2401

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Marissa Cashman, LMHC, LPC, LCMHC, CPC, MaACCS
Marissa Cashman
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, LPC, LCMHC, CPC, MaACCS
Verified Verified
Beverly, MA 01915  (Online Only)
My extensive experience with adoption provides a clear understanding of the array of issues that can manifest.
Searching for the right therapist can be stressful, but seeking guidance from a licensed professional is a wonderful way of gaining coping skills a different and more objective perspective to challenging issues. My practice is dedicated to the psychological, emotional, and spiritual well- being of age 16+ adolescents, young adults, and adults. Individual and family therapy are offered in a nonjudgmental and professional atmosphere. My practice is inclusive to all races, ethnicities, nationalities, religious/spiritual beliefs, genders, and sexual orientations.
My extensive experience with adoption provides a clear understanding of the array of issues that can manifest.
Searching for the right therapist can be stressful, but seeking guidance from a licensed professional is a wonderful way of gaining coping skills a different and more objective perspective to challenging issues. My practice is dedicated to the psychological, emotional, and spiritual well- being of age 16+ adolescents, young adults, and adults. Individual and family therapy are offered in a nonjudgmental and professional atmosphere. My practice is inclusive to all races, ethnicities, nationalities, religious/spiritual beliefs, genders, and sexual orientations.
(978) 306-4466 View (978) 306-4466
Photo of Evalyn Lawnsby, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Evalyn Lawnsby
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Topsfield, MA 01983
Besides the specialties listed below, I also help children and adults with concerns related to anxiety and stress, adjustment, divorced and blended families, families-of-origin, adoption, parenting, self-compassion, social skills, sadness and loss.
I have worked with adults, children, and families for many years, in educational and therapeutic capacities. Everyone experiences anxiety or unhappiness, from time to time; my goal is to help you, your child or family to overcome the difficulties you are experiencing. I will assist you to articulate and meet your individual goals, while focusing and building on your strengths, or those of your child.
Besides the specialties listed below, I also help children and adults with concerns related to anxiety and stress, adjustment, divorced and blended families, families-of-origin, adoption, parenting, self-compassion, social skills, sadness and loss.
I have worked with adults, children, and families for many years, in educational and therapeutic capacities. Everyone experiences anxiety or unhappiness, from time to time; my goal is to help you, your child or family to overcome the difficulties you are experiencing. I will assist you to articulate and meet your individual goals, while focusing and building on your strengths, or those of your child.
(978) 378-3629 View (978) 378-3629
Photo of Maren E Oslund, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maren E Oslund
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Salem, MA 01970
I have also specialized in adoption for over 15 years and Autism Spectrum Disorder for over 10 years.
I work with individuals, couples, and families to process their current challenges and develop new coping skills. Though I frequently practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Solution Focused Therapy, I adapt my clinical approach to the unique challenges of the individual. I am highly influenced by my understanding of strength-based practice, family systems theories, and attachment theories. I utilize the Gottman approach (Level 2 certified) to couples counseling. I am an AASECT certified Sex Therapist.
I have also specialized in adoption for over 15 years and Autism Spectrum Disorder for over 10 years.
I work with individuals, couples, and families to process their current challenges and develop new coping skills. Though I frequently practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Solution Focused Therapy, I adapt my clinical approach to the unique challenges of the individual. I am highly influenced by my understanding of strength-based practice, family systems theories, and attachment theories. I utilize the Gottman approach (Level 2 certified) to couples counseling. I am an AASECT certified Sex Therapist.
View
Photo of Victoria Kando, LMHC, Counselor
Victoria Kando
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Woburn, MA 01801
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a focus in Expressive Art Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The great thing about Expressive Therapy is that there is no one specific population because it is so versatile. It can be used with many different populations and in many different ways. Populations that I work with include a full range of clients from children and adolescents to young adults and families. Several areas of treatment I specialize in include Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, ADHD, Grief and Loss and Adoption. I have a Certification in Trauma and Trauma Informed Care.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a focus in Expressive Art Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The great thing about Expressive Therapy is that there is no one specific population because it is so versatile. It can be used with many different populations and in many different ways. Populations that I work with include a full range of clients from children and adolescents to young adults and families. Several areas of treatment I specialize in include Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, ADHD, Grief and Loss and Adoption. I have a Certification in Trauma and Trauma Informed Care.
(781) 281-8547 View (781) 281-8547
Photo of Katie Callahan, LICSW, C-DBT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Callahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Melrose, MA 02176  (Online Only)
Only accepting Blue Cross clients! It takes one person that believes in you to make a difference! I am a licensed clinical social worker, certified in DBT and provide trauma-informed and attachment-based therapy. I specialize in individuals with challenging family dynamics, adoption or foster care or that have been involved with DCF. I understand the value of community, family, and compassion and I want to help you find your voice and build lifelong connections!
Only accepting Blue Cross clients! It takes one person that believes in you to make a difference! I am a licensed clinical social worker, certified in DBT and provide trauma-informed and attachment-based therapy. I specialize in individuals with challenging family dynamics, adoption or foster care or that have been involved with DCF. I understand the value of community, family, and compassion and I want to help you find your voice and build lifelong connections!
(781) 517-7481 View (781) 517-7481
Photo of Holly Little Van Straaten, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Little Van Straaten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Peabody, MA 01960
I bring additional knowledge to issues around trauma, addiction, relationships, parenting, infertility and miscarriage, adoption, and life transitions.
Current Openings for Daytime Only (waitlist for evening appointments). You deserve compassion and respect. As your therapist, our work together starts by forming trust and developing a relationship centered on understanding YOU and the change you hope to invite into your life. It is my belief that healing begins through honest self-reflection, more skillful communication, and learning to align our behavior with our personal values. If you are seeking support along this path, I welcome the opportunity to join you.
I bring additional knowledge to issues around trauma, addiction, relationships, parenting, infertility and miscarriage, adoption, and life transitions.
Current Openings for Daytime Only (waitlist for evening appointments). You deserve compassion and respect. As your therapist, our work together starts by forming trust and developing a relationship centered on understanding YOU and the change you hope to invite into your life. It is my belief that healing begins through honest self-reflection, more skillful communication, and learning to align our behavior with our personal values. If you are seeking support along this path, I welcome the opportunity to join you.
(978) 355-7487 View (978) 355-7487
Photo of Christine Flaherty, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Flaherty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Danvers, MA 01923
Additional certifications in life coaching, memoir writing, and international adoption add rich dimensions to my conversational style and seasoned clinical skills.
Being a therapist is a true privilege. In the relaxed and safe atmosphere of my office , clients feel free to explore their deepest feelings, dreams, and real lifechallenges. Together, in a spirit of honesty,we laugh,we cry and we problem solve. Most of us want things to change, but we often don't want to change anything. To choose trust not fear, we must first explore the past, not to linger there, but to explain some of our personal choices and current challenges with relationship. With the strength of new awareness and insight, clients move forward in a most positive way.
Additional certifications in life coaching, memoir writing, and international adoption add rich dimensions to my conversational style and seasoned clinical skills.
Being a therapist is a true privilege. In the relaxed and safe atmosphere of my office , clients feel free to explore their deepest feelings, dreams, and real lifechallenges. Together, in a spirit of honesty,we laugh,we cry and we problem solve. Most of us want things to change, but we often don't want to change anything. To choose trust not fear, we must first explore the past, not to linger there, but to explain some of our personal choices and current challenges with relationship. With the strength of new awareness and insight, clients move forward in a most positive way.
(978) 631-2370 View (978) 631-2370
Photo of Kristie Jones, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristie Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810
Some of the areas I have a great deal of experience with are: PTSD, anxiety, child/adolescent issues, family conflict, depression, grief/loss, adoption, etc.
"Choosing to use therapy as a support is a personal decision. Sometimes people believe they have an idea of what therapy is all about and others are not sure what to expect. The truth is, therapy can be a number of things from a place to decompress, a place to address personal issues/struggles, a place to learn new skills to include in your lifestyle, etc. What your therapeutic experience will be shall be defined by you, your therapist and what you have gained from therapy. Finding the right therapist you feel comfortable with is essential to this process.
Some of the areas I have a great deal of experience with are: PTSD, anxiety, child/adolescent issues, family conflict, depression, grief/loss, adoption, etc.
"Choosing to use therapy as a support is a personal decision. Sometimes people believe they have an idea of what therapy is all about and others are not sure what to expect. The truth is, therapy can be a number of things from a place to decompress, a place to address personal issues/struggles, a place to learn new skills to include in your lifestyle, etc. What your therapeutic experience will be shall be defined by you, your therapist and what you have gained from therapy. Finding the right therapist you feel comfortable with is essential to this process.
(978) 326-9589 View (978) 326-9589
Photo of Katherine M Ryan, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Katherine M Ryan
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topsfield, MA 01983
I have advanced training/experience in: Trauma Work, Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) Adoption Support (pre-adoption, post-adoption and interrupted adoptions) and Clinical Consultation.
I use an eclectic mix of modalities and interventions. My clients find me to be warm, compassionate and caring. A few things set me apart, I provide my clients with tools, give homework and tell it like it is. I specializes in helping people get unstuck; from a behavior or way of thinking. I work well with people who are stuck in depression, anxiety or recovering from trauma, healing from divorce ( adults and children), and those who want to change the dynamic of an unhealthy relationship.
I have advanced training/experience in: Trauma Work, Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) Adoption Support (pre-adoption, post-adoption and interrupted adoptions) and Clinical Consultation.
I use an eclectic mix of modalities and interventions. My clients find me to be warm, compassionate and caring. A few things set me apart, I provide my clients with tools, give homework and tell it like it is. I specializes in helping people get unstuck; from a behavior or way of thinking. I work well with people who are stuck in depression, anxiety or recovering from trauma, healing from divorce ( adults and children), and those who want to change the dynamic of an unhealthy relationship.
(978) 788-9863 View (978) 788-9863
Photo of Alicia Marie Casey, MA, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alicia Marie Casey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Beverly, MA 01915
Waitlist for new clients
Additional experience includes work in: attachment/adoption, autism spectrum programs, school-based counseling, therapeutic classrooms/residential programs, and outpatient counseling.
Hello! I am currently offering telehealth services for clients; primarily young adults and adults. I specialize in helping clients cope with and manage anxiety, depression, mood or emotional dysregulation, and interpersonal or family conflict related issues. Techniques I explore include: CBT, motivational exercises, expressive based techniques, & humor! My goal in working with you is to establish a safe and empathic relationship, work to find a clearer understanding of your current difficulties, reduce & improve symptom management; strive for balance and acceptance in your life, and experience an overall improved quality of life.
Additional experience includes work in: attachment/adoption, autism spectrum programs, school-based counseling, therapeutic classrooms/residential programs, and outpatient counseling.
Hello! I am currently offering telehealth services for clients; primarily young adults and adults. I specialize in helping clients cope with and manage anxiety, depression, mood or emotional dysregulation, and interpersonal or family conflict related issues. Techniques I explore include: CBT, motivational exercises, expressive based techniques, & humor! My goal in working with you is to establish a safe and empathic relationship, work to find a clearer understanding of your current difficulties, reduce & improve symptom management; strive for balance and acceptance in your life, and experience an overall improved quality of life.
(857) 226-9432 View (857) 226-9432
Photo of Sarah Finnie | Shoreline Counseling Services, MA, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Finnie | Shoreline Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly, MA 01915
I have experience with a wide range of needs including life stage transitions, trauma, abuse, neglect, attachment, foster care, adoption, self esteem, social skills, behavioral challenges, anxiety, depression, ADHD and religious trauma.
ATTN: to be added to the waitlist, please fill out a new client request form at www.shorelinecounselingservices.org. Full for summer so please include availability for fall! Also visit the 'FAQ' tab for answers to common questions about starting therapy. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I received a Master’s Degree in Social Work from Boston University with a focus on childhood trauma. I have worked in community based mental health, schools and group private practice with children and teenagers since 2017. I see clients between the ages of 6-21 years old at the start of treatment.
I have experience with a wide range of needs including life stage transitions, trauma, abuse, neglect, attachment, foster care, adoption, self esteem, social skills, behavioral challenges, anxiety, depression, ADHD and religious trauma.
ATTN: to be added to the waitlist, please fill out a new client request form at www.shorelinecounselingservices.org. Full for summer so please include availability for fall! Also visit the 'FAQ' tab for answers to common questions about starting therapy. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I received a Master’s Degree in Social Work from Boston University with a focus on childhood trauma. I have worked in community based mental health, schools and group private practice with children and teenagers since 2017. I see clients between the ages of 6-21 years old at the start of treatment.
(508) 906-7314 View (508) 906-7314
Photo of Maryluz Arling, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maryluz Arling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Andover, MA 01810  (Online Only)
In the chaos of life, we can all feel stuck. Asking for help to navigate these struggles can be the first step you may need. I have over 20 years of experience working with foster care, adoption, addressing grief, loss and trauma. Your vulnerabilities will be protected and honored. I will guide you, provide support and encouragement, as we work collaboratively to achieve your desired goals.
In the chaos of life, we can all feel stuck. Asking for help to navigate these struggles can be the first step you may need. I have over 20 years of experience working with foster care, adoption, addressing grief, loss and trauma. Your vulnerabilities will be protected and honored. I will guide you, provide support and encouragement, as we work collaboratively to achieve your desired goals.
(978) 480-8442 View (978) 480-8442
Photo of Dianne M Ouellette, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dianne M Ouellette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Middleton, MA 01949
Services I provided are as follows:Individual Therapy, Group Therapy, Family Therapy, Relationship & Marriage, Infertility & Adoption, Depression, Stress, Transgender & Gender, Trauma & Domestic Violence, And Others.
I believe everyone's life is a journey in pursuit of happiness. In this pursuit we all have choices to make and obstacles to overcome. If you have made your way here you have undoubtedly reached an obstacle in your journey that you require assistance to overcome. Please allow me to help you. Over the past 20 years I have gained a tremendous amount of satisfaction in working closely with people to help them clearly identify the obstacles in their path and help them overcome these obstacles.
Services I provided are as follows:Individual Therapy, Group Therapy, Family Therapy, Relationship & Marriage, Infertility & Adoption, Depression, Stress, Transgender & Gender, Trauma & Domestic Violence, And Others.
I believe everyone's life is a journey in pursuit of happiness. In this pursuit we all have choices to make and obstacles to overcome. If you have made your way here you have undoubtedly reached an obstacle in your journey that you require assistance to overcome. Please allow me to help you. Over the past 20 years I have gained a tremendous amount of satisfaction in working closely with people to help them clearly identify the obstacles in their path and help them overcome these obstacles.
(978) 704-1914 View (978) 704-1914
Photo of Glenn Eric Smith, MA, MFT, Counselor
Glenn Eric Smith
Counselor, MA, MFT
Not Verified Not Verified
Beverly, MA 01915
If you are ready for a change, I'm willing to help. I see a wide variety of clients and help them work through relationship issues, anxiety and depression, anger management, and addictive behaviors including sexual addiction. I am adopted and better able to work with adoptees, parents of adoptees and adoption concerns. Since 2004 I have practiced in Beverly offering a safe environment for individuals, couples and families who wish to overcome harmful behaviors, addiction, and family strife.
If you are ready for a change, I'm willing to help. I see a wide variety of clients and help them work through relationship issues, anxiety and depression, anger management, and addictive behaviors including sexual addiction. I am adopted and better able to work with adoptees, parents of adoptees and adoption concerns. Since 2004 I have practiced in Beverly offering a safe environment for individuals, couples and families who wish to overcome harmful behaviors, addiction, and family strife.
(978) 776-3306 View (978) 776-3306

See more therapy options for North Reading

Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.