Education and Learning Disabilities Therapists in Littleton, MA

Photo of Shanna R Kraai, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shanna R Kraai
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Littleton, MA 01460
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in overcontrolled personality challenges including anxiety, autism, learning difficulties, and emotional regulation challenges.
I bring over 15 years of experience as a clinician, with expertise in the areas of research, child welfare, juvenile justice, domestic and international school systems, and private practice therapy and assessment. I am passionate about mental health and aspire to create a climate of empathy, creativity, and understanding with families. I am a skilled clinician who strives to build resilience and adaptability in all my clients.
I specialize in overcontrolled personality challenges including anxiety, autism, learning difficulties, and emotional regulation challenges.
I bring over 15 years of experience as a clinician, with expertise in the areas of research, child welfare, juvenile justice, domestic and international school systems, and private practice therapy and assessment. I am passionate about mental health and aspire to create a climate of empathy, creativity, and understanding with families. I am a skilled clinician who strives to build resilience and adaptability in all my clients.
(978) 295-2967 View (978) 295-2967
Photo of Caroline Rosa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caroline Rosa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Littleton, MA 01460  (Online Only)
Are your child's ADHD symptoms causing them to feel stuck, ashamed, or not "good enough"? Is depression or anxiety weighing your child down? Is your teen afraid to make friends, try new things, or go to school? Is it a struggle to get your kid to school every morning? Does your child seem unmotivated to complete schoolwork? Do you feel like your teen just can't seem to get stuff done? I have worked with many teens, young adults, and families who have experienced these same problems, and are surprised and relieved when they see how these challenges really do get better!
Are your child's ADHD symptoms causing them to feel stuck, ashamed, or not "good enough"? Is depression or anxiety weighing your child down? Is your teen afraid to make friends, try new things, or go to school? Is it a struggle to get your kid to school every morning? Does your child seem unmotivated to complete schoolwork? Do you feel like your teen just can't seem to get stuff done? I have worked with many teens, young adults, and families who have experienced these same problems, and are surprised and relieved when they see how these challenges really do get better!
(978) 579-1094 View (978) 579-1094
Photo of Christine Musello - Christine Musello, Psy.D., PsyD, MEd, Psychologist
Christine Musello, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Littleton, MA 01460
Waitlist for new clients
Update November 2020: If you viewed this profile recently, please note that I've moved! In addition, currently most meetings are remote and openings are rare. I currently work with teens, young adults, and adults. Mood disorders, parent guidance, veterans, family relationships, trauma and PTSD are areas of clinical interest. Those who seek to be responsible for their own happiness, whether through acceptance or through efforts to change and grow, are the people I hope to meet.
Update November 2020: If you viewed this profile recently, please note that I've moved! In addition, currently most meetings are remote and openings are rare. I currently work with teens, young adults, and adults. Mood disorders, parent guidance, veterans, family relationships, trauma and PTSD are areas of clinical interest. Those who seek to be responsible for their own happiness, whether through acceptance or through efforts to change and grow, are the people I hope to meet.
(978) 290-4977 View (978) 290-4977

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Deborah L Abber, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Deborah L Abber
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Westford, MA 01886
I provide neuropsychological testing and evaluation services for children and adolescents struggling with the various challenges that can impact learning and school success. Comprehensive neuropsychological and educational assessments help parents better understand a student's learning profile and strengths and weaknesses, and help to identify underlying processing deficits, learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia), executive functioning and organizational difficulties, attentional deficits and ADHD, as well as social-emotional-behavioral challenges that may be impacting school functioning such as ASD, anxiety, or depression.
I provide neuropsychological testing and evaluation services for children and adolescents struggling with the various challenges that can impact learning and school success. Comprehensive neuropsychological and educational assessments help parents better understand a student's learning profile and strengths and weaknesses, and help to identify underlying processing deficits, learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia), executive functioning and organizational difficulties, attentional deficits and ADHD, as well as social-emotional-behavioral challenges that may be impacting school functioning such as ASD, anxiety, or depression.
(508) 593-9809 View (508) 593-9809
Photo of Laurie Cestnick, PhD
Laurie Cestnick
PhD
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
15+ years evaluating, studying & treating developmental, learning, and brain-related concerns clinically and via neuroimaging research.
Here to help you with dyslexia, learning disorders, autism, ADHD, stroke, memory loss, concussion, & emotionality from these. Neuropsychological, psychological, & educational assessments & treatment. Internationally recognized for neuropsychology of reading, dyslexia and attention with the most comprehensive assessments available (clinical & research backgrounds bring a detailed approach); ages 3 to adult. Relationships with clients and their families are usually ongoing. I love helping you and give my best effort always. https://www.drlauriecestnick.com for FREE educational videos. 617-413-2065
15+ years evaluating, studying & treating developmental, learning, and brain-related concerns clinically and via neuroimaging research.
Here to help you with dyslexia, learning disorders, autism, ADHD, stroke, memory loss, concussion, & emotionality from these. Neuropsychological, psychological, & educational assessments & treatment. Internationally recognized for neuropsychology of reading, dyslexia and attention with the most comprehensive assessments available (clinical & research backgrounds bring a detailed approach); ages 3 to adult. Relationships with clients and their families are usually ongoing. I love helping you and give my best effort always. https://www.drlauriecestnick.com for FREE educational videos. 617-413-2065
(978) 401-9084 View (978) 401-9084
Photo of Mary Coakley-Welch, PhD, Psychologist
Mary Coakley-Welch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Concord, MA 01742
My evaluations identify strengths and weaknesses in learning and social-emotional life; diagnose Learning Disabilities in reading such as dyslexia, math, or writing; ADHD/ADD; intellectually gifted; or emotional difficulties such as anxiety or depression.
As a Neuropsychologist and Licensed Psychologist, I provide evaluations and testing to answer to your questions about learning, attention, memory, organization, language, and other cognitive skills; academic skills like reading, writing, and math; and/or social-emotional factors in yourself or your child. My neuropsychology practice is warm and welcoming. I focus on understanding you or your child so that we will identify the best specific and personalized recommendations to address your needs. I evaluate children (at least age 6 and in first grade and up), teens, college students, and adults. I don't provide therapy or counseling.
My evaluations identify strengths and weaknesses in learning and social-emotional life; diagnose Learning Disabilities in reading such as dyslexia, math, or writing; ADHD/ADD; intellectually gifted; or emotional difficulties such as anxiety or depression.
As a Neuropsychologist and Licensed Psychologist, I provide evaluations and testing to answer to your questions about learning, attention, memory, organization, language, and other cognitive skills; academic skills like reading, writing, and math; and/or social-emotional factors in yourself or your child. My neuropsychology practice is warm and welcoming. I focus on understanding you or your child so that we will identify the best specific and personalized recommendations to address your needs. I evaluate children (at least age 6 and in first grade and up), teens, college students, and adults. I don't provide therapy or counseling.
(781) 905-8014 View (781) 905-8014
Photo of Dr. Susan F O'Brien Neuropsychologist, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Susan F O'Brien Neuropsychologist
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Concord, MA 01742
Questions about your child's neuropsychological functioning can arise at any point between preschool and college. I specialize in child, adolescent and young adult neuropsychological and attention disorder evaluations. My goal is to understand what may be interfering with your child's ability to be successful in school settings - academically, behaviorally and/or socially. Examples of common parental concerns include: problems with attention and concentration, problems with organization and planning, learning disabilities, memory issues, developmental delays/intellectual disabilities, and questions of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Questions about your child's neuropsychological functioning can arise at any point between preschool and college. I specialize in child, adolescent and young adult neuropsychological and attention disorder evaluations. My goal is to understand what may be interfering with your child's ability to be successful in school settings - academically, behaviorally and/or socially. Examples of common parental concerns include: problems with attention and concentration, problems with organization and planning, learning disabilities, memory issues, developmental delays/intellectual disabilities, and questions of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
(781) 883-2170 View (781) 883-2170
Photo of Andra Munger, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Andra Munger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Concord, MA 01742
I work collaboratively with families, couples, and individuals who wish to make changes in their lives, to feel better and more aligned with their life goals. Couples may seek therapy to understand and implement goals for their relationships as couples and parents. I work with individuals who identify as having social, emotional, or learning challenges. I bring attention to the body as key to understanding emotions and knowledge of self. I am respectful and curious about you. I use systemic and trauma-focused approaches to guide your discovery, presuming competency in your path and process toward change.
I work collaboratively with families, couples, and individuals who wish to make changes in their lives, to feel better and more aligned with their life goals. Couples may seek therapy to understand and implement goals for their relationships as couples and parents. I work with individuals who identify as having social, emotional, or learning challenges. I bring attention to the body as key to understanding emotions and knowledge of self. I am respectful and curious about you. I use systemic and trauma-focused approaches to guide your discovery, presuming competency in your path and process toward change.
(978) 494-5086 View (978) 494-5086
Photo of Jeffrey P Winer, PhD, Psychologist
Jeffrey P Winer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Concord, MA 01742  (Online Only)
Welcome! I specialize in outpatient psychotherapy with adolescents/college students and adults. I am a friendly, collaborative, and knowledgeable clinician. Folks come to my practice with concerns including anxiety, OCD, depression, emotion dysregulation, academic/work performance concerns, peer/romantic relationship problems, and ADHD/ learning challenges. Across my work key strategies include helping individuals identify and behaviorally engage with their values, enhance self-efficacy, improve communication skills, and build a greater sense of belongingness.
Welcome! I specialize in outpatient psychotherapy with adolescents/college students and adults. I am a friendly, collaborative, and knowledgeable clinician. Folks come to my practice with concerns including anxiety, OCD, depression, emotion dysregulation, academic/work performance concerns, peer/romantic relationship problems, and ADHD/ learning challenges. Across my work key strategies include helping individuals identify and behaviorally engage with their values, enhance self-efficacy, improve communication skills, and build a greater sense of belongingness.
(781) 676-3592 View (781) 676-3592
Photo of Amy M. Parker - Collaborating for Children, PsyD, Psychologist
Collaborating for Children
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Concord, MA 01742
MY PRACTICE IS CURRENTLY FULL. I work primarily with children and adolescents who face a range of challenges. Among these might be anxiety, negotiating peer relationships, learning disabilities, ADHD, and/or losses (e.g. divorce, illness/death of a loved one). During the assessment process, I believe in learning the strengths of the child, parent(s), and other support networks (e.g extended family, school, religious community). From there, I collaborate with the parents and child/adolescent to create a plan for them to develop the skills necessary to address their current challenges.
MY PRACTICE IS CURRENTLY FULL. I work primarily with children and adolescents who face a range of challenges. Among these might be anxiety, negotiating peer relationships, learning disabilities, ADHD, and/or losses (e.g. divorce, illness/death of a loved one). During the assessment process, I believe in learning the strengths of the child, parent(s), and other support networks (e.g extended family, school, religious community). From there, I collaborate with the parents and child/adolescent to create a plan for them to develop the skills necessary to address their current challenges.
(781) 443-8483 View (781) 443-8483
Photo of Melinda Kulish, PhD, Psychologist
Melinda Kulish
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Concord, MA 01742
I am keenly aware of the relationship between emotional factors and learning/attention issues.
I am a clinical psychologist in Concord, MA and also teach and supervise through Harvard Medical School, where I've been an instructor for over 20 years. I specialize in college students and adults who have been struggling with depression, anxiety, and other emotional symptoms that have interfered with work/school and relationships. I also work with adolescents who seem angry, unhappy or who are struggling in school. If you (or your child) have felt stuck and unhappy and want to move to a happier, more satisfying and productive place, I can help. I see clients in person, on Zoom, or some combination of both.
I am keenly aware of the relationship between emotional factors and learning/attention issues.
I am a clinical psychologist in Concord, MA and also teach and supervise through Harvard Medical School, where I've been an instructor for over 20 years. I specialize in college students and adults who have been struggling with depression, anxiety, and other emotional symptoms that have interfered with work/school and relationships. I also work with adolescents who seem angry, unhappy or who are struggling in school. If you (or your child) have felt stuck and unhappy and want to move to a happier, more satisfying and productive place, I can help. I see clients in person, on Zoom, or some combination of both.
(978) 662-2812 View (978) 662-2812
Photo of Errika Gravlin, MAT
Errika Gravlin
MAT
Verified Verified
Groton, MA 01450
With 30+ years in Special Education, I offer a deep understanding of diverse learning needs, including developmental disabilities, learning disorders, and emotional/behavioral difficulties.
I am a CTI-trained Transformational Coach with a deep appreciation for the inherent creativity, resourcefulness, and wholeness within each individual. I believe in the power of personal transformation and spiritual growth to create profound change in our lives. As a professionally trained and experienced transformational coach, I have the tools and understanding to help you create the life you imagine and regain a renewed sense of self.
With 30+ years in Special Education, I offer a deep understanding of diverse learning needs, including developmental disabilities, learning disorders, and emotional/behavioral difficulties.
I am a CTI-trained Transformational Coach with a deep appreciation for the inherent creativity, resourcefulness, and wholeness within each individual. I believe in the power of personal transformation and spiritual growth to create profound change in our lives. As a professionally trained and experienced transformational coach, I have the tools and understanding to help you create the life you imagine and regain a renewed sense of self.
(978) 486-7246 View (978) 486-7246
Photo of Julia W. S. Slatkin, PhD, Psychologist
Julia W. S. Slatkin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Concord, MA 01742
, learning disorders, ADHD, mood disorders, etc.
Welcome! I specialize in providing treatment and assessment to kids, tweens, adolescents, and young adults facing a variety of mental health concerns. I'm committed to understanding and addressing the unique challenges that young people (especially girls and women) encounter today. I strive to foster a safe, non-judgmental, and nurturing environment for clients to explore their emotions, better understand and express themselves, and develop the resilience and coping skills required to effectively manage the challenges they encounter. NOTE: I am only taking new testing clients (not therapy clients) at this time.
, learning disorders, ADHD, mood disorders, etc.
Welcome! I specialize in providing treatment and assessment to kids, tweens, adolescents, and young adults facing a variety of mental health concerns. I'm committed to understanding and addressing the unique challenges that young people (especially girls and women) encounter today. I strive to foster a safe, non-judgmental, and nurturing environment for clients to explore their emotions, better understand and express themselves, and develop the resilience and coping skills required to effectively manage the challenges they encounter. NOTE: I am only taking new testing clients (not therapy clients) at this time.
(978) 494-1432 View (978) 494-1432
Photo of Sarah Dolaty, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Dolaty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boxborough, MA 01719  (Online Only)
While talking and processing emotions are an important part of the work- it is equally important to be engaged and learning! My services are all about making therapy fun and relatable and most importantly meeting young people where they are at!.
Does your child or adolescent struggle with social skills or making friends? Does your child or adolescent need support in emotional regulation? Are there experiences at home or in school that have created more stress in your family or child's life? My focus as therapist is on social-emotional development of children and adolescents in fun, safe, and engaging ways! I integrate art, meditation, cognitive-behavioral techniques and interactive games in sessions.
While talking and processing emotions are an important part of the work- it is equally important to be engaged and learning! My services are all about making therapy fun and relatable and most importantly meeting young people where they are at!.
Does your child or adolescent struggle with social skills or making friends? Does your child or adolescent need support in emotional regulation? Are there experiences at home or in school that have created more stress in your family or child's life? My focus as therapist is on social-emotional development of children and adolescents in fun, safe, and engaging ways! I integrate art, meditation, cognitive-behavioral techniques and interactive games in sessions.
(508) 392-5469 View (508) 392-5469
Photo of Tracy Gresser, LMHC, Counselor
Tracy Gresser
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Acton, MA 01720
My 35 years of providing clinical services for children has given me the expertise in helping the specific needs and challenges faced by children with ADHD, anxiety, learning disabilities, depression, social skills, impulsivity, trauma and self-esteem.
I am a highly skilled and compassionate mental health clinician with extensive experience in working with children aged 3 to 14. I am a certified ADHD Clinical Service Provider.
My 35 years of providing clinical services for children has given me the expertise in helping the specific needs and challenges faced by children with ADHD, anxiety, learning disabilities, depression, social skills, impulsivity, trauma and self-esteem.
I am a highly skilled and compassionate mental health clinician with extensive experience in working with children aged 3 to 14. I am a certified ADHD Clinical Service Provider.
(339) 330-4528 View (339) 330-4528
Photo of Anna LeBlanc, LMHC, MT-BC, MA, Counselor
Anna LeBlanc
Counselor, LMHC, MT-BC, MA
Verified Verified
Acton, MA 01720
Waitlist for new clients
I established my career working and learning within trauma-informed therapy practices where I practiced a balance of CBT and somatic-based interventions.
Making the choice to seek out therapy can be a tough decision and transition, but it doesn't necessarily need to be hard. I invite you into a therapeutic space of safety, comfort, non-judgement, and exploration. Establishing a positive therapeutic relationship is the key to promoting healing. Therapy is a space where you should feel seen, understood, and heard. I emphasize that traditional talk therapy isn't right for everyone and incorporate different styles of therapy into each session. I would be thrilled to work with you!
I established my career working and learning within trauma-informed therapy practices where I practiced a balance of CBT and somatic-based interventions.
Making the choice to seek out therapy can be a tough decision and transition, but it doesn't necessarily need to be hard. I invite you into a therapeutic space of safety, comfort, non-judgement, and exploration. Establishing a positive therapeutic relationship is the key to promoting healing. Therapy is a space where you should feel seen, understood, and heard. I emphasize that traditional talk therapy isn't right for everyone and incorporate different styles of therapy into each session. I would be thrilled to work with you!
(978) 440-2355 View (978) 440-2355
Jennifer L Bergeron
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Chelmsford, MA 01863
Typical areas of focus include: intellectual functioning; identification of learning disabilities; social, emotional, behavioral, and personality functioning ; attention, memory, and executive functioning (including ADHD).
I provide a range of psychological testing/assessment services to children, adolescents, and young adults. I am not currently accepting referrals for therapy. Testing referrals are accepted from various sources including therapists, parents, and physicians. I use a combination of psychological and neuropsychological instruments to help identify factors contributing to an individual’s current challenges. The goals for psychological assessment often include diagnostic clarification, improved understanding of an individual’s strengths and areas of vulnerability, and the development of treatment and/or academic recommendations.
Typical areas of focus include: intellectual functioning; identification of learning disabilities; social, emotional, behavioral, and personality functioning ; attention, memory, and executive functioning (including ADHD).
I provide a range of psychological testing/assessment services to children, adolescents, and young adults. I am not currently accepting referrals for therapy. Testing referrals are accepted from various sources including therapists, parents, and physicians. I use a combination of psychological and neuropsychological instruments to help identify factors contributing to an individual’s current challenges. The goals for psychological assessment often include diagnostic clarification, improved understanding of an individual’s strengths and areas of vulnerability, and the development of treatment and/or academic recommendations.
(978) 455-3141 View (978) 455-3141
Photo of Charlie Mobayed, PhD, Psychologist
Charlie Mobayed
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Westford, MA 01886
Over the last thirty years as a Clinical Psychologist, I have learned how children, adults, couples, and families break free of disheartening relational patterns and rewrite oppressive stories. I have learned how to attend to what matters most: feeling safe, opening to love, and creating a life guided by compassion. I truly love my work, and that may be because I am still learning every day how to ask questions that spark wonder and creativity, how to listen for the depth behind words, knowing when to be patient, when to challenge.
Over the last thirty years as a Clinical Psychologist, I have learned how children, adults, couples, and families break free of disheartening relational patterns and rewrite oppressive stories. I have learned how to attend to what matters most: feeling safe, opening to love, and creating a life guided by compassion. I truly love my work, and that may be because I am still learning every day how to ask questions that spark wonder and creativity, how to listen for the depth behind words, knowing when to be patient, when to challenge.
(978) 320-3151 View (978) 320-3151
Photo of Mary Calabrese, PhD, Psychologist
Mary Calabrese
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Concord, MA 01742
Waitlist for new clients
Mary Calabrese is an experienced clinical psychologist and neuropsychologist practicing in Concord, Massachusetts. She conducts neuropsychological evaluations through testing of cognitive and learning issues such as ADHD and dyslexia. She also provides guidance for parents struggling to connect with their children. She takes a warm, problem solving approach to you and your concerns. Her goal is to identify blocks you put in your way, provide the tools to take control of your own life, and develop lifelong strategies to foster your independence. Adults, college students, adolescents, and children are welcome.
Mary Calabrese is an experienced clinical psychologist and neuropsychologist practicing in Concord, Massachusetts. She conducts neuropsychological evaluations through testing of cognitive and learning issues such as ADHD and dyslexia. She also provides guidance for parents struggling to connect with their children. She takes a warm, problem solving approach to you and your concerns. Her goal is to identify blocks you put in your way, provide the tools to take control of your own life, and develop lifelong strategies to foster your independence. Adults, college students, adolescents, and children are welcome.
(617) 500-0748 View (617) 500-0748
Photo of Ilene H Rudman, MPA, MA
Ilene H Rudman
MPA, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Maynard, MA 01754
As psychotherapist, coach, and career counselor, I'm committed to helping you find wholeness through cognitive, insight-oriented, behavioral, mind-body and mindfulness approaches. I have worked for over three decades assisting clients with both the practical and emotional issues change often requires. During Covid-19 you may decide to focus on: contingency planning if your organization should fold; work on your resume; ramping up virtual networking; learning additional stress management techniques; support with emotional challenges; creative ways to deal with isolation and loneliness.
As psychotherapist, coach, and career counselor, I'm committed to helping you find wholeness through cognitive, insight-oriented, behavioral, mind-body and mindfulness approaches. I have worked for over three decades assisting clients with both the practical and emotional issues change often requires. During Covid-19 you may decide to focus on: contingency planning if your organization should fold; work on your resume; ramping up virtual networking; learning additional stress management techniques; support with emotional challenges; creative ways to deal with isolation and loneliness.
(617) 206-3960 View (617) 206-3960

See more therapy options for Littleton

Education and Learning Disabilities Therapists

How effective is treatment for learning disabilities?

When initiated early and tailored to a child’s specific needs, learning disability treatment can be quite effective at helping a child cope with their disability, though its exact efficacy may depend on the severity of symptoms and whether comorbid disorders exist. Less is known about treatment initiated in adulthood, but it is certainly possible that an adult with a learning disability will see some improvement—or at the very least, identify workarounds and accommodations that could make symptoms less burdensome in day-to-day life.

When should someone seek treatment for learning disabilities?

It’s best to seek treatment as early as possible. Because learning disabilities often go unnoticed until a child starts school, or even until they’re a few years along, regular check-ins with teachers and doctors can help parents determine whether children are meeting milestones and keeping up with peers or whether an evaluation for learning disabilities may be warranted. And although earlier is always better, it’s never too late to be evaluated for learning disabilities and to seek treatment.

What happens if learning disabilities are left untreated?

Undiagnosed and untreated learning disabilities can be a source of significant frustration and shame for a child, who may feel that their challenges stem from a lack of intelligence or willpower. Such feelings can trigger low self-esteem, depression, or anxiety, which may push a child toward risky behaviors, including substance use. In adulthood, untreated learning disabilities can interfere with career success, and lingering feelings of self-doubt and shame can negatively affect someone’s mental health.

Are there medications for learning disabilities?

Currently, there are no medications designed to treat specific learning disabilities such as dysgraphia or dyscalculia. However, someone with a learning disability may be prescribed medication for a comorbid condition, such as anxiety, depression, or ADHD, which may have positive downstream effects on their learning disability; for example, a child with both ADHD and dyslexia may find that they’re better able to focus on their reading exercises after being prescribed a stimulant medication.