Psychodynamic Therapists in Hyde Park, MA

Photo of Shelly Williams, MA, Counselor
Shelly Williams
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Hyde Park, MA 02136  (Online Only)
I have worked in a variety of clinical settings, which contributes to my expertise. These range from psychiatric and eating disorder wards to community-based clinics. I utilize psychodynamic therapy to help my clients get the most out of their lives.
I have worked in a variety of clinical settings, which contributes to my expertise. These range from psychiatric and eating disorder wards to community-based clinics. I utilize psychodynamic therapy to help my clients get the most out of their lives.
(857) 392-3315 View (857) 392-3315
Photo of Lakisha R. Austin, LICSW, MBA, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lakisha R. Austin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MBA, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hyde Park, MA 02136
I work with professional women and men who struggle with the demands of daily living, parenting, work/life balance, interpersonal and family relationships. My typical client is an overachiever and successful by society's standards who at times suffers from stress, anxiety, and/or depression.
I work with professional women and men who struggle with the demands of daily living, parenting, work/life balance, interpersonal and family relationships. My typical client is an overachiever and successful by society's standards who at times suffers from stress, anxiety, and/or depression.
(617) 936-7821 View (617) 936-7821
Photo of Barbara E Miller, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara E Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hyde Park, MA 02136
How to therapeutically claim the disowned self.by using what is already inside of you. Are you stuck in a relationship? with addiction? settling for less in work or career? Find the joy.... Barbara Miller, LICSW, psychotherapist can help you do just that. She has a gift for healing. Psychotherapy, with her skill and competency, can help you find and focus on the major psychosocial issues that are keeping you stuck.Throughout the years Barbara's clients credit her with saving their lives even though it is really the client who saves his own life. Is your life worth saving?
How to therapeutically claim the disowned self.by using what is already inside of you. Are you stuck in a relationship? with addiction? settling for less in work or career? Find the joy.... Barbara Miller, LICSW, psychotherapist can help you do just that. She has a gift for healing. Psychotherapy, with her skill and competency, can help you find and focus on the major psychosocial issues that are keeping you stuck.Throughout the years Barbara's clients credit her with saving their lives even though it is really the client who saves his own life. Is your life worth saving?
(617) 299-7315 View (617) 299-7315
Photo of Leona Franklin, PhD, Psychologist
Leona Franklin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Hyde Park, MA 02136
My ideal client is open and honest in her presentation and is eager to work on identified issues. This client is committed to treatment and arrives weekly (or biweekly) for therapy sessions as per treatment agreement. Ideally, my clients would be somewhat self-reflective, although this is not a requirement. Self-reflection tends to promote the development of insight.
My ideal client is open and honest in her presentation and is eager to work on identified issues. This client is committed to treatment and arrives weekly (or biweekly) for therapy sessions as per treatment agreement. Ideally, my clients would be somewhat self-reflective, although this is not a requirement. Self-reflection tends to promote the development of insight.
(617) 300-0539 View (617) 300-0539
Photo of Traice Webb-Bradley, PhD, Psychologist
Traice Webb-Bradley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Hyde Park, MA 02136  (Online Only)
Now Accepting New Clients! I am Clinical Assessments & Doctoral Programs Manager & Psychotherapist for And Still We Rise. I hold a masters and doctoral degree in Counseling Psychology at University of Missouri-Columbia. I provide individual and couples psychotherapy for a range of presenting concerns including trauma, anxiety, depression, identify development, grief and loss. I am passionate supporting BIPOC folx facing career issues in corporate spaces.
Now Accepting New Clients! I am Clinical Assessments & Doctoral Programs Manager & Psychotherapist for And Still We Rise. I hold a masters and doctoral degree in Counseling Psychology at University of Missouri-Columbia. I provide individual and couples psychotherapy for a range of presenting concerns including trauma, anxiety, depression, identify development, grief and loss. I am passionate supporting BIPOC folx facing career issues in corporate spaces.
(617) 841-8134 View (617) 841-8134

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Devin Hope, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Devin Hope
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131  (Online Only)
I specialize in addressing trauma through a psychodynamic, strengths based approach.
I am a LICSW in both RI and MA. My ideal client would be looking for a space where they can grow and be challenged while feeling supported and heard throughout their process. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, couples, and adults with substance use disorders. I have a particular passion for working with couples, Women's/men's issues as well as anyone from the LGBTQ+ community. As a self-identified member of the Queer community, I am passionate about working with this underserved population and creating a safe space where LGBTQ+ people can receive support without having to explain their identity or experience.
I specialize in addressing trauma through a psychodynamic, strengths based approach.
I am a LICSW in both RI and MA. My ideal client would be looking for a space where they can grow and be challenged while feeling supported and heard throughout their process. I have worked with children, adolescents, families, couples, and adults with substance use disorders. I have a particular passion for working with couples, Women's/men's issues as well as anyone from the LGBTQ+ community. As a self-identified member of the Queer community, I am passionate about working with this underserved population and creating a safe space where LGBTQ+ people can receive support without having to explain their identity or experience.
(401) 583-6620 View (401) 583-6620
Photo of Lisa D Stapleton, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa D Stapleton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Milton, MA 02186
I can work with you on a solution focused brief therapy model, in addition to a more psychodynamic approach.
Welcome to my practice. I work with individual clients to manage stress, build more satisfying relationships, and increase self-esteem. I also work with parents to assist with balancing their needs while addressing the learning styles of their children. My practice would tend to be a good fit if you seek a warm, interactive style. My training includes cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and most importantly, mindfulness-based approaches. I believe that therapy is about honoring who you are now and bringing compassion and skills to live your best life. Please contact me at LisaDStapleton@gmail.com to schedule.
I can work with you on a solution focused brief therapy model, in addition to a more psychodynamic approach.
Welcome to my practice. I work with individual clients to manage stress, build more satisfying relationships, and increase self-esteem. I also work with parents to assist with balancing their needs while addressing the learning styles of their children. My practice would tend to be a good fit if you seek a warm, interactive style. My training includes cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and most importantly, mindfulness-based approaches. I believe that therapy is about honoring who you are now and bringing compassion and skills to live your best life. Please contact me at LisaDStapleton@gmail.com to schedule.
(617) 206-3179 View (617) 206-3179
Photo of Kelsey Lima, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelsey Lima
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dedham, MA 02026  (Online Only)
This includes psychodynamic, relational, ACT, and multicultural approaches.
Immediate openings! My style is warm and humorous. My practice focuses on supporting people who choose to not worry alone. I teach people how to build a more compassionate relationship with difficult emotions and ignite a new sense of meaning while living with anxiety, chronic illness, life/relationship transitions, or grief. Although I work with people of all ages, my clients are typically students, healthcare professionals or people with brain, violence-related injuries or neurological conditions.
This includes psychodynamic, relational, ACT, and multicultural approaches.
Immediate openings! My style is warm and humorous. My practice focuses on supporting people who choose to not worry alone. I teach people how to build a more compassionate relationship with difficult emotions and ignite a new sense of meaning while living with anxiety, chronic illness, life/relationship transitions, or grief. Although I work with people of all ages, my clients are typically students, healthcare professionals or people with brain, violence-related injuries or neurological conditions.
(617) 458-8744 View (617) 458-8744
Photo of Sandra Mattar, PsyD, CYT, Psychologist
Sandra Mattar
Psychologist, PsyD, CYT
Verified Verified
Dedham, MA 02026
My training includes psychodynamic therapy, family therapy, CBT, and Buddhist psychologies/yogic philosophies.
I am a Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center affiliated faculty. I believe people come to therapy when they feel stuck in their lives with no options in sight. Many times, these feelings stem from a lack of understanding of past trauma histories, misunderstandings in relationships, accumulated stress, lack of self-compassion, identity confusion, and unmet needs, among others. I create a safe and genuine space to help you sort out these feelings and problems while promoting a sense of self-agency, self-compassion, and self-love.
My training includes psychodynamic therapy, family therapy, CBT, and Buddhist psychologies/yogic philosophies.
I am a Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center affiliated faculty. I believe people come to therapy when they feel stuck in their lives with no options in sight. Many times, these feelings stem from a lack of understanding of past trauma histories, misunderstandings in relationships, accumulated stress, lack of self-compassion, identity confusion, and unmet needs, among others. I create a safe and genuine space to help you sort out these feelings and problems while promoting a sense of self-agency, self-compassion, and self-love.
(508) 213-0038 View (508) 213-0038
Photo of Nathan Whitson, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nathan Whitson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131
In his work, Nathan draws from various therapeutic techniques, including CBT, ACT, psychodynamic theory, and mindfulness-based practices.
Nathan Whitson (he/him/his) is a psychotherapist with experience working primarily with adults and adolescents. He earned his bachelor’s degree in psychology from New York University and his master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Boston College. Nathan has worked with clients spanning a wide range of presenting issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, trauma-related disorders, and substance use. Nathan sees clients in our Roslindale office, or via Telehealth.
In his work, Nathan draws from various therapeutic techniques, including CBT, ACT, psychodynamic theory, and mindfulness-based practices.
Nathan Whitson (he/him/his) is a psychotherapist with experience working primarily with adults and adolescents. He earned his bachelor’s degree in psychology from New York University and his master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Boston College. Nathan has worked with clients spanning a wide range of presenting issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorders, trauma-related disorders, and substance use. Nathan sees clients in our Roslindale office, or via Telehealth.
(857) 267-9572 View (857) 267-9572
Photo of Dr. Jasmine Telemaque, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Jasmine Telemaque
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131  (Online Only)
I use psychodynamic and relational theories to explore past behaviors and relationships to see how they influence current and future functioning.
Ready to make a change but don't know where to start? Typical issues my clients face range from struggling with depression, anxiety, the residue of past trauma, health concerns, family stressors, growing pains, life transitions, and relationship hurdles. I work best with those who value a growth mindset, feel curious about their self-development, and maximize their potential. I have a specialization in working with complex psychiatric and behavioral issues, trauma, professional stressors, and relational issues.
I use psychodynamic and relational theories to explore past behaviors and relationships to see how they influence current and future functioning.
Ready to make a change but don't know where to start? Typical issues my clients face range from struggling with depression, anxiety, the residue of past trauma, health concerns, family stressors, growing pains, life transitions, and relationship hurdles. I work best with those who value a growth mindset, feel curious about their self-development, and maximize their potential. I have a specialization in working with complex psychiatric and behavioral issues, trauma, professional stressors, and relational issues.
(617) 942-1556 View (617) 942-1556
Photo of Kim Woynowskie, PsyD, Psychologist
Kim Woynowskie
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02136
I am trained in a number of treatment modalities, including CBT, DBT, ACT, and psychodynamic therapies.
Welcome. I am a licensed therapist with 8 years of professional experience. Therapy is a journey tailored to your needs and goals. My pragmatic, evidence-based approach combines compassion and candor to facilitate meaningful progress. Together, we will explore old patterns, discover new perspectives, and engage in exercises to enhance your well-being.
I am trained in a number of treatment modalities, including CBT, DBT, ACT, and psychodynamic therapies.
Welcome. I am a licensed therapist with 8 years of professional experience. Therapy is a journey tailored to your needs and goals. My pragmatic, evidence-based approach combines compassion and candor to facilitate meaningful progress. Together, we will explore old patterns, discover new perspectives, and engage in exercises to enhance your well-being.
(215) 770-9021 View (215) 770-9021
Photo of Dr. Asha Ragin - Uzima Health & Wellness, PhD, MAT, Psychologist
Uzima Health & Wellness
Psychologist, PhD, MAT
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My therapeutic approach integrates psychodynamic, interpersonal, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and multicultural therapies.
We've been through a collective trauma of a dual pandemic. Are you struggling with re-entering and adjusting to life post-quarantine and having difficulty reconnecting with yourself and others? Therapy can provide a place to reset, rest, grieve, and grow into the life you find worth living.
My therapeutic approach integrates psychodynamic, interpersonal, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and multicultural therapies.
We've been through a collective trauma of a dual pandemic. Are you struggling with re-entering and adjusting to life post-quarantine and having difficulty reconnecting with yourself and others? Therapy can provide a place to reset, rest, grieve, and grow into the life you find worth living.
(617) 765-4647 View (617) 765-4647
Photo of Dr. Jennifer D Brown, ATR-BC, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Jennifer D Brown
Psychologist, ATR-BC, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02131
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice and in the Waltham area. As a psychologist, art therapist, and an educator, I have devoted myself to helping others create meaningful, fulfilling lives. My approach is relational, psychodynamic, mindfulness-based and research informed. I am astute in understanding the clinical process that underly change and therapeutic components that promote healing. I believe in a collaborative therapeutic relationship, while supporting individual strengths and meeting specific needs of the person. I welcome clients from all backgrounds, cultures, ethnicities and sexual orientations.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice and in the Waltham area. As a psychologist, art therapist, and an educator, I have devoted myself to helping others create meaningful, fulfilling lives. My approach is relational, psychodynamic, mindfulness-based and research informed. I am astute in understanding the clinical process that underly change and therapeutic components that promote healing. I believe in a collaborative therapeutic relationship, while supporting individual strengths and meeting specific needs of the person. I welcome clients from all backgrounds, cultures, ethnicities and sexual orientations.
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Photo of Carmen Burlingame, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carmen Burlingame
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02131  (Online Only)
I have training in EMDR, IFS, and psychodynamic theories and I integrate an amalgamation of these techniques in many of my individual sessions.
I remember the first time I heard the Brené Brown quote, "You can have courage, or you can have comfort, but we can't have both. Not at the same time." I may have uttered an expletive or two as I was surrounded by colleagues at a retreat; it hit a little too close to home. I find myself deeply honored to be there at the moment when a person recognizes that they want more than what they've currently been experiencing. To walk the journey alongside a person who longs for deeper connections, freedom from their history, or who wants to experience truer joy - it is a tremendous privilege.
I have training in EMDR, IFS, and psychodynamic theories and I integrate an amalgamation of these techniques in many of my individual sessions.
I remember the first time I heard the Brené Brown quote, "You can have courage, or you can have comfort, but we can't have both. Not at the same time." I may have uttered an expletive or two as I was surrounded by colleagues at a retreat; it hit a little too close to home. I find myself deeply honored to be there at the moment when a person recognizes that they want more than what they've currently been experiencing. To walk the journey alongside a person who longs for deeper connections, freedom from their history, or who wants to experience truer joy - it is a tremendous privilege.
(574) 564-6559 View (574) 564-6559
Photo of Susan Nisenbaum Becker, LCSW, LADC, RDT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Nisenbaum Becker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC, RDT
Verified Verified
Dedham, MA 02026
My training is eclectic including traditional psychodynamic theory, gestalt, Eriksonian hypnosis, family systems theory, EMDR, meditation/mindfulness, yoga, alcohol and drug counseling, and drama/expressive therapies.
I have been been in private practice for over 20 years and find I remain engaged and excited about my work. I strive to develop good rapport and an empathetic connection with each person, to be an ally and guide, and to develop a good working relationship where together clients and I can focus on their desired changes. My goal is to foster a safe and supportive place for clients to work to transform their challenges regarding mood, addiction, relationship, spirituality, parenting, life transitions, illness, loss, divorce, creative/performance blocks, body image and self esteem.
My training is eclectic including traditional psychodynamic theory, gestalt, Eriksonian hypnosis, family systems theory, EMDR, meditation/mindfulness, yoga, alcohol and drug counseling, and drama/expressive therapies.
I have been been in private practice for over 20 years and find I remain engaged and excited about my work. I strive to develop good rapport and an empathetic connection with each person, to be an ally and guide, and to develop a good working relationship where together clients and I can focus on their desired changes. My goal is to foster a safe and supportive place for clients to work to transform their challenges regarding mood, addiction, relationship, spirituality, parenting, life transitions, illness, loss, divorce, creative/performance blocks, body image and self esteem.
(508) 342-8174 View (508) 342-8174
Photo of Kelsey Quinn - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Quincy, Counselor
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Quincy
Counselor
Verified Verified
Milton, MA 02186
Popular approaches include CBT, DBT, EMDR, Christian Counseling, PCT, Motivational Interviewing, EFT, Positive Psychology, Psychodynamic therapy, Relational therapy, Narrative therapy, and more.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
Popular approaches include CBT, DBT, EMDR, Christian Counseling, PCT, Motivational Interviewing, EFT, Positive Psychology, Psychodynamic therapy, Relational therapy, Narrative therapy, and more.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Allison Barton, LMHC, Counselor
Allison Barton
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dedham, MA 02026  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a psychodynamic based therapist, but I use CBT, interpersonal therapy, ACT , grounding/mindfulness skills, and DBT skills in my sessions.
Feeling stuck in the same patterns? I help people managing stress, anxiety, ADHD, parenting issues, eating disorders/disordered eating and body dysmorphia, college transitions, relationship conflicts, and chronic health problems (specifically organ transplants). I provide a non-judgmental space to work through emotions and life circumstances, to find connection and support, and I can be your non-biased sounding board. I work with each of my clients to help identify where they are feeling stuck in life, what kind of changes they envision, barriers that are getting in the way, and how to work around those barriers.
I am a psychodynamic based therapist, but I use CBT, interpersonal therapy, ACT , grounding/mindfulness skills, and DBT skills in my sessions.
Feeling stuck in the same patterns? I help people managing stress, anxiety, ADHD, parenting issues, eating disorders/disordered eating and body dysmorphia, college transitions, relationship conflicts, and chronic health problems (specifically organ transplants). I provide a non-judgmental space to work through emotions and life circumstances, to find connection and support, and I can be your non-biased sounding board. I work with each of my clients to help identify where they are feeling stuck in life, what kind of changes they envision, barriers that are getting in the way, and how to work around those barriers.
(339) 229-6109 View (339) 229-6109
Photo of Mary Dee Glynn Roux, EdM, PsyD, Psychologist
Mary Dee Glynn Roux
Psychologist, EdM, PsyD
Verified Verified
Milton, MA 02186
I am trained in the following treatment methods: increasing insight ( psychodynamic), building skills to manage emotions and behaviors (cognitive behavioral therapy - CBT), and understanding relationships (family systems, relational).
Currently - limited daytime openings available. Psychotherapy can provide a caring and safe space to navigate life's many transitions and challenges -- both expected and unexpected. I approach my work from a place of respect, warmth, and curiosity toward my clients and their concerns. I help clients develop understanding and skills that allow them to reduce symptoms, facilitate personal growth, and make positive changes in their lives. Each client receives individually tailored treatment and, together, we identify and develop therapeutic goals. It is an honor for me to work with individuals on their personal journeys.
I am trained in the following treatment methods: increasing insight ( psychodynamic), building skills to manage emotions and behaviors (cognitive behavioral therapy - CBT), and understanding relationships (family systems, relational).
Currently - limited daytime openings available. Psychotherapy can provide a caring and safe space to navigate life's many transitions and challenges -- both expected and unexpected. I approach my work from a place of respect, warmth, and curiosity toward my clients and their concerns. I help clients develop understanding and skills that allow them to reduce symptoms, facilitate personal growth, and make positive changes in their lives. Each client receives individually tailored treatment and, together, we identify and develop therapeutic goals. It is an honor for me to work with individuals on their personal journeys.
(617) 910-3549 View (617) 910-3549
Photo of Mary Ellen Menken, PhD, Psychologist
Mary Ellen Menken
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dedham, MA 02026
I use both traditional and newly researched approaches, including psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as mind/body techniques, such as mindfulness.
You deserve so much credit for taking this important step toward making things better in life, and finding the right therapist is such a great place to start. I provide a safe, warm, highly collaborative, and nonjudgmental space to help you find your best way to cope with challenges, and become the greatest version of you. Clients have often expressed surprise at what they've learned about themselves in our sessions, and remark on how comfortable they feel to talk about very difficult things. My specialties include problems with anxiety, depression, stress, grief, trauma, relationships, life transitions, and health/medical issues.
I use both traditional and newly researched approaches, including psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as mind/body techniques, such as mindfulness.
You deserve so much credit for taking this important step toward making things better in life, and finding the right therapist is such a great place to start. I provide a safe, warm, highly collaborative, and nonjudgmental space to help you find your best way to cope with challenges, and become the greatest version of you. Clients have often expressed surprise at what they've learned about themselves in our sessions, and remark on how comfortable they feel to talk about very difficult things. My specialties include problems with anxiety, depression, stress, grief, trauma, relationships, life transitions, and health/medical issues.
(339) 201-9749 View (339) 201-9749
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.