Psychodynamic Therapists in Canton, MA

Photo of Lizette Santana-Desanges, PsyD, Psychologist
Lizette Santana-Desanges
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021
I consider it an honor and privilege to help people with the most intimate and challenging aspects of their being. I practice from a humanistic, psychodynamic foundation to help people explore conscious and unconscious patterns in order to draw connections, make meaning, and work towards desired changes. I offer subspecialties in the areas of depth psychology and body-based, somatic therapies. I have a strong focus on the mind-body connection and often incorporate personalized body-based techniques. I value holding space for life’s challenging questions and transitions while helping people access their inner strength and wisdom.
I consider it an honor and privilege to help people with the most intimate and challenging aspects of their being. I practice from a humanistic, psychodynamic foundation to help people explore conscious and unconscious patterns in order to draw connections, make meaning, and work towards desired changes. I offer subspecialties in the areas of depth psychology and body-based, somatic therapies. I have a strong focus on the mind-body connection and often incorporate personalized body-based techniques. I value holding space for life’s challenging questions and transitions while helping people access their inner strength and wisdom.
(339) 218-3521 View (339) 218-3521
Photo of Cam Lyons, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cam Lyons
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021
As a mental health counselor, my passion lies in guiding individuals toward a life of greater meaning and fulfillment. I specialize in working with LGBTQIA+, disabilities, couples, substance use, anxiety, depression, trauma, and neurodivergent communities. My approach is rooted in inclusivity, compassion, and an existential understanding of human suffering. I believe in the power of therapy to uncover deep-seated patterns, heal past wounds, and create lasting change. Integrating Brainspotting with evidence-based therapies like CBT, Schema Therapy, and psychodynamic therapy.
As a mental health counselor, my passion lies in guiding individuals toward a life of greater meaning and fulfillment. I specialize in working with LGBTQIA+, disabilities, couples, substance use, anxiety, depression, trauma, and neurodivergent communities. My approach is rooted in inclusivity, compassion, and an existential understanding of human suffering. I believe in the power of therapy to uncover deep-seated patterns, heal past wounds, and create lasting change. Integrating Brainspotting with evidence-based therapies like CBT, Schema Therapy, and psychodynamic therapy.
(339) 229-8381 View (339) 229-8381
Photo of Caitlin Roache, PhD, Psychologist
Caitlin Roache
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021
My belief is that each client has within them the ability for positive change and healthy functioning. I consider it a privilege to hear clients' stories and strive to create a safe and collaborative environment in which we can explore strengths and challenges. I draw from psychodynamic and relational perspectives; the goal to better understand how past experiences and relationships affect current situations. l consider it essential to customize treatment to clients' needs and goals and incorporate techniques from other approaches, such as Internal Family Systems (IFS), CBT, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
My belief is that each client has within them the ability for positive change and healthy functioning. I consider it a privilege to hear clients' stories and strive to create a safe and collaborative environment in which we can explore strengths and challenges. I draw from psychodynamic and relational perspectives; the goal to better understand how past experiences and relationships affect current situations. l consider it essential to customize treatment to clients' needs and goals and incorporate techniques from other approaches, such as Internal Family Systems (IFS), CBT, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
(781) 790-4075 View (781) 790-4075
Photo of Doris Forteith, PsyD, Psychologist
Doris Forteith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021  (Online Only)
I believe that individuals can improve their relationships and lives through insight and acceptance, and by changing problematic behaviors. I offer support and guidance by creating a collaborative, welcoming, and empathic therapy environment. The relationship between client and therapist is an important part of the work, and I pay close attention to this dynamic as therapy progresses. My clients are typically college students, adults, and parents looking for guidance. My approach is informed by Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) therapies, I also draw from other modalities to customize treatment to each individual's therapy goals.
I believe that individuals can improve their relationships and lives through insight and acceptance, and by changing problematic behaviors. I offer support and guidance by creating a collaborative, welcoming, and empathic therapy environment. The relationship between client and therapist is an important part of the work, and I pay close attention to this dynamic as therapy progresses. My clients are typically college students, adults, and parents looking for guidance. My approach is informed by Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) therapies, I also draw from other modalities to customize treatment to each individual's therapy goals.
(617) 860-3451 View (617) 860-3451
Photo of Frank Ehrenthal - Frank Ehrenthal, MEd, CAGS, LMHC, Counselor
Frank Ehrenthal
Counselor, MEd, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021
**** CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS **** I have had over 20 years of experience providing psychotherapeutic services to individuals, couples and families in community mental health and private practice settings. I try to create a collaborative environment conducive to self exploration and growth. I see adults and adolescents and utilize psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. I help people struggling with a wide variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger management, school adjustment, grief and loss, and relationship issues. Call or email me to schedule an appointment.
**** CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS **** I have had over 20 years of experience providing psychotherapeutic services to individuals, couples and families in community mental health and private practice settings. I try to create a collaborative environment conducive to self exploration and growth. I see adults and adolescents and utilize psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. I help people struggling with a wide variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger management, school adjustment, grief and loss, and relationship issues. Call or email me to schedule an appointment.
(617) 307-4914 View (617) 307-4914
Photo of Kara Lustig, PhD, Psychologist
Kara Lustig
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021  (Online Only)
I pull from several evidence-based approaches, including psychodynamic/relational, CBT, mindfulness-based, acceptance-based, and compassion-based therapies.
For over a decade, I have worked with individuals struggling with a wide range of difficulties and acuity, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, and personality disorders. I work particularly well with clients struggling with worry, anxiety, anger, and shame. I prioritize creating a warm, non-judgmental space where my clients can increase awareness of their emotional and relational patterns, including how difficulties relate to our larger context and early life experiences. My clients express appreciation for my transparent, collaborative, compassionate, & well-informed approach.
I pull from several evidence-based approaches, including psychodynamic/relational, CBT, mindfulness-based, acceptance-based, and compassion-based therapies.
For over a decade, I have worked with individuals struggling with a wide range of difficulties and acuity, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, and personality disorders. I work particularly well with clients struggling with worry, anxiety, anger, and shame. I prioritize creating a warm, non-judgmental space where my clients can increase awareness of their emotional and relational patterns, including how difficulties relate to our larger context and early life experiences. My clients express appreciation for my transparent, collaborative, compassionate, & well-informed approach.
(781) 745-4476 View (781) 745-4476
Photo of Susan P. Cetlin, PhD, Psychologist
Susan P. Cetlin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021
In a warm, compassionate & friendly manner, I hope to guide my clients to identify and alleviate life challenges and empower them to achieve their potential. Symptoms include stress, anxiety, depression, trauma & dissociation, learning and behavioral difficulty, developmental issues, relationship conflicts, social anxiety, loss/grief, life transitions, parenting stress, health/medical concerns, healthy life style, physical pain, chronic illness, peer issues, Aspergers & PDD, adoption and bariatric surgery consultation. Approaches include cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, interpersonal, supportive, and mind/body techniques (e.g., mindfulness meditation, relaxation, visualization and Qi Gong). I am trained in EFT. I am interested in the role of spirituality and religion on well-being.
In a warm, compassionate & friendly manner, I hope to guide my clients to identify and alleviate life challenges and empower them to achieve their potential. Symptoms include stress, anxiety, depression, trauma & dissociation, learning and behavioral difficulty, developmental issues, relationship conflicts, social anxiety, loss/grief, life transitions, parenting stress, health/medical concerns, healthy life style, physical pain, chronic illness, peer issues, Aspergers & PDD, adoption and bariatric surgery consultation. Approaches include cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, interpersonal, supportive, and mind/body techniques (e.g., mindfulness meditation, relaxation, visualization and Qi Gong). I am trained in EFT. I am interested in the role of spirituality and religion on well-being.
(781) 325-9036 View (781) 325-9036
Photo of Jacqueline Wiener, LICSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jacqueline Wiener
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MPH
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021
I approach therapy from a psychodynamic perspective that is tailored to meet the needs of each individual client.
Compassion is the most significant and integral component of therapy. My goal is to create a warm, respectful environment in which clients feel comfortable exploring their innermost feelings. Genuine and empathic in my approach, I believe in the strength of the individual to face life's challenges and to create new patterns of behavior and communication. I also believe clients must have compassion for themselves. Such compassion will lead to greater curiosity of the self and acceptance of one's experiences. This, in turn, enables the individual to see more clearly, gain new perspectives and find new solutions.
I approach therapy from a psychodynamic perspective that is tailored to meet the needs of each individual client.
Compassion is the most significant and integral component of therapy. My goal is to create a warm, respectful environment in which clients feel comfortable exploring their innermost feelings. Genuine and empathic in my approach, I believe in the strength of the individual to face life's challenges and to create new patterns of behavior and communication. I also believe clients must have compassion for themselves. Such compassion will lead to greater curiosity of the self and acceptance of one's experiences. This, in turn, enables the individual to see more clearly, gain new perspectives and find new solutions.
(646) 846-6063 View (646) 846-6063
Photo of Mary Dee Glynn Roux, EdM, PsyD, Psychologist
Mary Dee Glynn Roux
Psychologist, EdM, PsyD
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021
I am trained in the following treatment methods: increasing insight (psychodynamic), building skills to manage emotions and behaviors (cognitive behavioral therapy - CBT), and understanding relationships (family systems, relational).
Currently - limited daytime openings available. Psychotherapy can provide a caring and safe space to navigate life's many transitions and challenges -- both expected and unexpected. I approach my work from a place of respect, warmth, and curiosity toward my clients and their concerns. I help clients develop understanding and skills that allow them to reduce symptoms, facilitate personal growth, and make positive changes in their lives. Each client receives individually tailored treatment and, together, we identify and develop therapeutic goals. It is an honor for me to work with individuals on their personal journeys.
I am trained in the following treatment methods: increasing insight (psychodynamic), building skills to manage emotions and behaviors (cognitive behavioral therapy - CBT), and understanding relationships (family systems, relational).
Currently - limited daytime openings available. Psychotherapy can provide a caring and safe space to navigate life's many transitions and challenges -- both expected and unexpected. I approach my work from a place of respect, warmth, and curiosity toward my clients and their concerns. I help clients develop understanding and skills that allow them to reduce symptoms, facilitate personal growth, and make positive changes in their lives. Each client receives individually tailored treatment and, together, we identify and develop therapeutic goals. It is an honor for me to work with individuals on their personal journeys.
(617) 910-3549 View (617) 910-3549
Photo of Janet Kazenel, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janet Kazenel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021
My approach to therapy is based upon my experience and training in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and family system therapies. My focus is on respecting the individual needs of each client. I draw on the optimal therapeutic approach and modality that will best meet the individual goals of each client. I have worked in a variety of settings during my 20+ years as a clinician, and provide therapy for individuals, couples, and families, for a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and relationship stress. I try to help clients be better attuned to their emotional experiences.
My approach to therapy is based upon my experience and training in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and family system therapies. My focus is on respecting the individual needs of each client. I draw on the optimal therapeutic approach and modality that will best meet the individual goals of each client. I have worked in a variety of settings during my 20+ years as a clinician, and provide therapy for individuals, couples, and families, for a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and relationship stress. I try to help clients be better attuned to their emotional experiences.
(781) 399-5624 View (781) 399-5624
Photo of Dan Berman, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dan Berman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021
If you are looking for a classically trained psychodynamic therapist I may be the right choice for you. My approach is thoughtful, careful, direct, and collaborative, and reflects my experience working with individuals, groups, families, and couples. Prior to full time private practice I was a supervising clinician and psychotherapist for students at Harvard University. I've worked in child, adolescent, and adult inpatient and partial hospitalization programs.
If you are looking for a classically trained psychodynamic therapist I may be the right choice for you. My approach is thoughtful, careful, direct, and collaborative, and reflects my experience working with individuals, groups, families, and couples. Prior to full time private practice I was a supervising clinician and psychotherapist for students at Harvard University. I've worked in child, adolescent, and adult inpatient and partial hospitalization programs.
(617) 762-5110 View (617) 762-5110
Photo of Sasha Mohan Martone, MSW, LICSW, LCSW-NJ, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sasha Mohan Martone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW-NJ
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021  (Online Only)
With over 2 decades of experience, my practice falls into two main categories. The first is with children, adolescents, and adults who face challenges specifically around anxiety, depression, ADHD, and mood disorders, which are negatively impacting their functioning at home, school, and/or other activities/environments. The second is in adoption and non-parental event experiences. As an adoption therapist and domestic adoption program director, I have worked with all members of the adoption constellation dealing with pre and post adoption related issues, transracial adoption, late discovery adoptees, as well as NPE/MPE individuals.
With over 2 decades of experience, my practice falls into two main categories. The first is with children, adolescents, and adults who face challenges specifically around anxiety, depression, ADHD, and mood disorders, which are negatively impacting their functioning at home, school, and/or other activities/environments. The second is in adoption and non-parental event experiences. As an adoption therapist and domestic adoption program director, I have worked with all members of the adoption constellation dealing with pre and post adoption related issues, transracial adoption, late discovery adoptees, as well as NPE/MPE individuals.
(781) 230-6761 View (781) 230-6761
Photo of Kristen Johnson, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life is hard to navigate. There is just so much to figure out that is always taught in classrooms or in day to day conversations. It's so hard to appear a little confused or out of sorts because judgement and perfectionism permeates our world. With all that said, how do we begin to be ourselves and follow our dreams when life is happening! So many questions to answer and sometimes our closest confidant is not a person we can be transparent with about our struggles. Well, I am here and would love to hear how to support you.
Life is hard to navigate. There is just so much to figure out that is always taught in classrooms or in day to day conversations. It's so hard to appear a little confused or out of sorts because judgement and perfectionism permeates our world. With all that said, how do we begin to be ourselves and follow our dreams when life is happening! So many questions to answer and sometimes our closest confidant is not a person we can be transparent with about our struggles. Well, I am here and would love to hear how to support you.
(781) 650-5344 View (781) 650-5344
Photo of Alice Foster, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alice Foster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021  (Online Only)
Getting curious about things that have happened to you, who you are, and where you want to go allows you the opportunity to start living. Whether you have been in therapy most of your life, recently started exploring the option, or are filled with doubt about how talking with someone can actually help you feel better or more fulfilled, then you're in the right place. Here's your chance to get curious about some raw human emotions and learn how to lean into them with someone who supports you along your journey of self-discovery and inevitable growth.
Getting curious about things that have happened to you, who you are, and where you want to go allows you the opportunity to start living. Whether you have been in therapy most of your life, recently started exploring the option, or are filled with doubt about how talking with someone can actually help you feel better or more fulfilled, then you're in the right place. Here's your chance to get curious about some raw human emotions and learn how to lean into them with someone who supports you along your journey of self-discovery and inevitable growth.
(781) 253-8421 View (781) 253-8421
Photo of Andrea Gefteas, PsyD, Psychologist
Andrea Gefteas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021
**I currently have daytime availability. Please email me, including your scheduling needs** I believe that everyone has the ability to grow, achieve, and overcome their struggles. Sometimes, though, that's easier said than done. My goal is to create a safe and welcoming space for my clients to explore themselves and learn effective tools to create positive change in their lives. I integrate many different treatment approaches in order to tailor treatment towards my clients' specific needs, including cognitive, behavioral, dialectic, dynamic, and relational techniques, taking a positive, strengths-based approach to treatment.
**I currently have daytime availability. Please email me, including your scheduling needs** I believe that everyone has the ability to grow, achieve, and overcome their struggles. Sometimes, though, that's easier said than done. My goal is to create a safe and welcoming space for my clients to explore themselves and learn effective tools to create positive change in their lives. I integrate many different treatment approaches in order to tailor treatment towards my clients' specific needs, including cognitive, behavioral, dialectic, dynamic, and relational techniques, taking a positive, strengths-based approach to treatment.
(339) 356-1559 View (339) 356-1559
Photo of Shana Seidenberg, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shana Seidenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021  (Online Only)
Asking for help is a sign of strength, a first step toward seeking change and growth. As a licensed psychotherapist I work with both individuals and groups offering a supportive, compassionate environment. My main goal is to collaborate with you to help you find balance and peace. Together we will explore your strengths and I will help you develop and work towards meaningful goals. My "whole self" approach encourages focus on all aspects of the self: heart, mind, body, and spirit empowering you to grow into the strongest version of yourself.
Asking for help is a sign of strength, a first step toward seeking change and growth. As a licensed psychotherapist I work with both individuals and groups offering a supportive, compassionate environment. My main goal is to collaborate with you to help you find balance and peace. Together we will explore your strengths and I will help you develop and work towards meaningful goals. My "whole self" approach encourages focus on all aspects of the self: heart, mind, body, and spirit empowering you to grow into the strongest version of yourself.
(617) 209-6985 View (617) 209-6985
Photo of Carmel T Drewes, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carmel T Drewes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Canton, MA 02021
Waitlist for new clients
I work with many types of clients, addressing many life issues, but my specialization is working with people who have been targets of physical or emotional harm due to who they are or who they are perceived to be. This includes people targeted on the basis of race, ethnicity, or heritage; gender, sexuality, or gender expression; religious or faith beliefs/practices; or other aspects of identity. Most clients I work with have post-trauma, anxiety, and/or depression symptoms. I believe in the importance of helping clients explore the root causes of their symptoms, while also finding interventions to address those symptoms.
I work with many types of clients, addressing many life issues, but my specialization is working with people who have been targets of physical or emotional harm due to who they are or who they are perceived to be. This includes people targeted on the basis of race, ethnicity, or heritage; gender, sexuality, or gender expression; religious or faith beliefs/practices; or other aspects of identity. Most clients I work with have post-trauma, anxiety, and/or depression symptoms. I believe in the importance of helping clients explore the root causes of their symptoms, while also finding interventions to address those symptoms.
(339) 230-2227 View (339) 230-2227
Photo of Lynn Chapman, LMHC, BC-DMT, Counselor
Lynn Chapman
Counselor, LMHC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021
When we experience trauma, lose a loved one, have chronic pain or illness, or navigate difficult relationships, grief is present. If you are facing these or other challenges— such as depression, anxiety, infertility, or major life transitions – it can be helpful to have support. I partner with people to process grief, find healing, and move towards increased connection with self and others. My somatic therapy lens can support you in better understanding your body’s response to experiences, bolster self-compassion, and effectively navigate your life with more ease.
When we experience trauma, lose a loved one, have chronic pain or illness, or navigate difficult relationships, grief is present. If you are facing these or other challenges— such as depression, anxiety, infertility, or major life transitions – it can be helpful to have support. I partner with people to process grief, find healing, and move towards increased connection with self and others. My somatic therapy lens can support you in better understanding your body’s response to experiences, bolster self-compassion, and effectively navigate your life with more ease.
(339) 675-2020 View (339) 675-2020
Photo of Cindy Faria, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cindy Faria
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021  (Online Only)
Openings available at my practice with Kayla Shea. The universal human need and desire to seek and attain healthy relationships, joy, purpose, acceptance, peace, love, fearlessness (the list goes on...) is a journey that should not be traveled alone. As your therapist, I would like to offer you the ability to have a second set of footsteps traveling along with you as you explore, accept, challenge, change, heal and cope with the unexpected directions life has and will inevitably take you. I work as an individual and couples therapist with all populations and I presently focus my practice on adolescents and adults.
Openings available at my practice with Kayla Shea. The universal human need and desire to seek and attain healthy relationships, joy, purpose, acceptance, peace, love, fearlessness (the list goes on...) is a journey that should not be traveled alone. As your therapist, I would like to offer you the ability to have a second set of footsteps traveling along with you as you explore, accept, challenge, change, heal and cope with the unexpected directions life has and will inevitably take you. I work as an individual and couples therapist with all populations and I presently focus my practice on adolescents and adults.
(857) 228-5757 View (857) 228-5757
Photo of Betsy Ross, LICSW, CGP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Betsy Ross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canton, MA 02021
Therapy is a personal journey to a more fulfilling life. Working together, I will help you understand and resolve the difficulties you encounter along the way, including those which seem to happen over and over again. In time, you will learn more about yourself, the situations you find yourself in, your choices, and how you feel about these. You can increase your understanding of the people and relationships you are drawn to and of the various roads forward to choose from. Taking this inner journey has never seemed more important for coping with the stresses, worries, and powerful feelings life presents. Talking really helps.
Therapy is a personal journey to a more fulfilling life. Working together, I will help you understand and resolve the difficulties you encounter along the way, including those which seem to happen over and over again. In time, you will learn more about yourself, the situations you find yourself in, your choices, and how you feel about these. You can increase your understanding of the people and relationships you are drawn to and of the various roads forward to choose from. Taking this inner journey has never seemed more important for coping with the stresses, worries, and powerful feelings life presents. Talking really helps.
(781) 253-8208 View (781) 253-8208
1
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.