Chronic Pain Therapists in Cambridge, MA

Photo of Leslie Bosworth, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leslie Bosworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Chronic pain and chronic illness are my other areas of expertise.
Unfortunately I am not currently accepting new clients and families. I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with over 15 years working in Harvard affiliated healthcare settings.
Chronic pain and chronic illness are my other areas of expertise.
Unfortunately I am not currently accepting new clients and families. I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with over 15 years working in Harvard affiliated healthcare settings.
(617) 934-5709 View (617) 934-5709
Photo of Saul Rosenthal, PhD, BCB, BCB-HRV, BCN, Psychologist
Saul Rosenthal
Psychologist, PhD, BCB, BCB-HRV, BCN
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
I integrate evidence-based biopsychosocial approaches to anxiety, depression, pain, headache and migraine, sleep, stress, Internet addiction and executive function deficits.
As of January 2023, I have very limited availability. I have over 20 years of experience working with a variety of health issues. I focus on optimizing health and healthy decision making, collaborating with clients in a way that's meaningful and long-lasting. Together, we work toward managing medical stress and the emotional challenges that have become barriers to personal growth. Health is an evolving, personal state blending both body and mind. My goal is for my clients to discover how to move toward true health and embrace their potential.
I integrate evidence-based biopsychosocial approaches to anxiety, depression, pain, headache and migraine, sleep, stress, Internet addiction and executive function deficits.
As of January 2023, I have very limited availability. I have over 20 years of experience working with a variety of health issues. I focus on optimizing health and healthy decision making, collaborating with clients in a way that's meaningful and long-lasting. Together, we work toward managing medical stress and the emotional challenges that have become barriers to personal growth. Health is an evolving, personal state blending both body and mind. My goal is for my clients to discover how to move toward true health and embrace their potential.
(617) 648-5924 View (617) 648-5924
Rachel Fernbach
Counselor, LMHC, LCAT, LMT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Specializing in chronic pain/illness, trauma, relationship dynamics, and life purpose, my approach is pragmatic yet deeply compassionate.
With over two decades of experience, I offer a grounded and intelligent approach to somatic psychotherapy and expressive arts. Integrating evidence-based practices with a deep understanding of human resilience, my practice fosters purpose and lasting change. Through our work together, we'll explore the depths of your life experience, while cultivating self awareness and understanding of your mind, body, heart, and spirit. My aim is to empower you to navigate life's challenges with clarity and confidence, with a sense of purpose and inner peace.
Specializing in chronic pain/illness, trauma, relationship dynamics, and life purpose, my approach is pragmatic yet deeply compassionate.
With over two decades of experience, I offer a grounded and intelligent approach to somatic psychotherapy and expressive arts. Integrating evidence-based practices with a deep understanding of human resilience, my practice fosters purpose and lasting change. Through our work together, we'll explore the depths of your life experience, while cultivating self awareness and understanding of your mind, body, heart, and spirit. My aim is to empower you to navigate life's challenges with clarity and confidence, with a sense of purpose and inner peace.
(646) 863-5451 View (646) 863-5451
Photo of Stephanie Campbell, OTD, OTR/L, Occupational Therapist
Stephanie Campbell
Occupational Therapist, OTD, OTR/L
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
I specialize in chronic illness and general mind-body wellness.
As an occupational therapist my focus is on helping you participate in the areas of your life that are most important to you. Some of my clients have a new diagnosis of chronic illness and the ways they have approached life are no longer working for them. Others are looking to change habits rooted in perfectionism or over-working. Whatever your personal goals, I hope to help you pursue wellness and achieve a balance between your body, brain, and goals.
I specialize in chronic illness and general mind-body wellness.
As an occupational therapist my focus is on helping you participate in the areas of your life that are most important to you. Some of my clients have a new diagnosis of chronic illness and the ways they have approached life are no longer working for them. Others are looking to change habits rooted in perfectionism or over-working. Whatever your personal goals, I hope to help you pursue wellness and achieve a balance between your body, brain, and goals.
(339) 888-9652 View (339) 888-9652
Photo of Neil D Myers - Total Hypnosis, CHP
Total Hypnosis
CHP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
It is especially effective for conditions that have an emotional base or aspect, such as Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, mood problems, depression, compulsions, food and environmental sensitivities, anger, and stress.
My practice is about solving problems, from relatively simple ones like smoking, weight control, or sleep issues, to deeper ones like fears and phobias, and, complex, chronic illnesses that almost invariably have multi-faceted emotional roots. Of course, chronic illnesses can rarely be dealt with as easily and quickly as, say, insomnia, smoking cessation, teeth grinding, or TMJ problems. Habits and simple fears and phobias mostly respond very well to the application of skilled Direct-Suggestion hypnosis. However, Healing Hypnosis, my specialty, is a more intensive and deeper process. That aims to get to the root of problems.
It is especially effective for conditions that have an emotional base or aspect, such as Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, mood problems, depression, compulsions, food and environmental sensitivities, anger, and stress.
My practice is about solving problems, from relatively simple ones like smoking, weight control, or sleep issues, to deeper ones like fears and phobias, and, complex, chronic illnesses that almost invariably have multi-faceted emotional roots. Of course, chronic illnesses can rarely be dealt with as easily and quickly as, say, insomnia, smoking cessation, teeth grinding, or TMJ problems. Habits and simple fears and phobias mostly respond very well to the application of skilled Direct-Suggestion hypnosis. However, Healing Hypnosis, my specialty, is a more intensive and deeper process. That aims to get to the root of problems.
(914) 934-4266 View (914) 934-4266
Photo of Pam Greenberg, LMHC, Counselor
Pam Greenberg
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
Our pain is there for a reason, to point out patterns and behavior that are no longer working, and to open the gateway to a greater sense of happiness and wholeness.
I strive to get to know you in your totality— your strengths as well as your vulnerabilities, your dreams as well as your disappointments. Whether you are an adult seeking counseling for yourself or looking for support for a child or teen, I bring a wealth of experience working with issues ranging from depression and anxiety to behavioral concerns or school resistance. My approach is warm and compassionate, yet focused on helping each client make the changes needed to live a happier, more fulfilled life.
Our pain is there for a reason, to point out patterns and behavior that are no longer working, and to open the gateway to a greater sense of happiness and wholeness.
I strive to get to know you in your totality— your strengths as well as your vulnerabilities, your dreams as well as your disappointments. Whether you are an adult seeking counseling for yourself or looking for support for a child or teen, I bring a wealth of experience working with issues ranging from depression and anxiety to behavioral concerns or school resistance. My approach is warm and compassionate, yet focused on helping each client make the changes needed to live a happier, more fulfilled life.
(617) 444-9056 View (617) 444-9056
Photo of Ilana Marram, LMHC, Counselor
Ilana Marram
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Some of my identities include: cis-woman, white, neurodivergent, secular Jewish, with chronic pain, and significant personal life experience with the trans community.
Are you questioning your gender? Or just looking for a gender affirming therapist to process feeling burnt out from the last few years (who wouldn't!)? Maybe you're noticing difficulty coping with anxiety, stress, depression, ADHD and/or anger. Feeling like it's difficult getting your daily tasks done due to feeling overwhelmed, difficulty focusing, and feeling unable to say no to others.
Some of my identities include: cis-woman, white, neurodivergent, secular Jewish, with chronic pain, and significant personal life experience with the trans community.
Are you questioning your gender? Or just looking for a gender affirming therapist to process feeling burnt out from the last few years (who wouldn't!)? Maybe you're noticing difficulty coping with anxiety, stress, depression, ADHD and/or anger. Feeling like it's difficult getting your daily tasks done due to feeling overwhelmed, difficulty focusing, and feeling unable to say no to others.
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Photo of Emily Schweitzer, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Schweitzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02140
Do you ever find yourself facing the same challenges, repeating patterns, or feeling stuck in your life? It’s like there’s a hidden script influencing your actions and emotions, and you can’t quite put your finger on it. This could feel like lack of self confidence, feeling sad or fearful, relationship challenges, or physical pain. I work with couples and individuals to understand how past relationships and events influence the challenges of today. By understanding the “how”, we cultivate a profound self-awareness that empowers you to find new ways of being and feeling that better serve you.
Do you ever find yourself facing the same challenges, repeating patterns, or feeling stuck in your life? It’s like there’s a hidden script influencing your actions and emotions, and you can’t quite put your finger on it. This could feel like lack of self confidence, feeling sad or fearful, relationship challenges, or physical pain. I work with couples and individuals to understand how past relationships and events influence the challenges of today. By understanding the “how”, we cultivate a profound self-awareness that empowers you to find new ways of being and feeling that better serve you.
(508) 978-5189 View (508) 978-5189
Photo of Larry Mynatt - Discovery Learning Associates, MEd, RCTC, COFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Discovery Learning Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, RCTC, COFT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Utilizing EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback), therapeutic music and hypnosis, we have a creative approach to individualize a treatment plan for every client. Our practice consists of both children and adults. Primarily the children come to work on ADD/ADHD or autistic spectrum disorders. The adults come for an array of issues: anxiety, depression, migraines, chronic pain and sleep problems. In addition, we work with clients for peak performance, i.e., eradicating barriers from even higher executive, academic, athletic or artistic excellence.
Utilizing EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback), therapeutic music and hypnosis, we have a creative approach to individualize a treatment plan for every client. Our practice consists of both children and adults. Primarily the children come to work on ADD/ADHD or autistic spectrum disorders. The adults come for an array of issues: anxiety, depression, migraines, chronic pain and sleep problems. In addition, we work with clients for peak performance, i.e., eradicating barriers from even higher executive, academic, athletic or artistic excellence.
(617) 612-5037 View (617) 612-5037
Photo of Maya Hanelin, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maya Hanelin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
People come to me for many reasons including relationship issues, life transitions, trauma, spiritual exploration, chronic illness, anxiety, and depression.
Helping people live a life of authenticity and ease is at the heart of my work. We all need a safe and supportive place to feel heard, move through challenges and develop insight. I meet my clients where they are and encourage them toward their goals with compassion, hope, and kindness. On this therapeutic journey we learn to identify and embrace strengths, integrate new skills and self-understanding, and come into a deeper knowing of ourselves.
People come to me for many reasons including relationship issues, life transitions, trauma, spiritual exploration, chronic illness, anxiety, and depression.
Helping people live a life of authenticity and ease is at the heart of my work. We all need a safe and supportive place to feel heard, move through challenges and develop insight. I meet my clients where they are and encourage them toward their goals with compassion, hope, and kindness. On this therapeutic journey we learn to identify and embrace strengths, integrate new skills and self-understanding, and come into a deeper knowing of ourselves.
(617) 701-7527 View (617) 701-7527
Photo of Maria Mandalos, MA, LMHC, MT-BC
Maria Mandalos
MA, LMHC, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and a Board-Certified Music Therapist, who has experience working with infants, children, adolescents, adults, and their families. I specialize in diagnoses related to neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injuries, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, developmental and speech delays. My areas of interest also include: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, social-emotional challenges, grief, low self-esteem, conflicts related to major life transitions, life threatening diseases, and chronic pain.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and a Board-Certified Music Therapist, who has experience working with infants, children, adolescents, adults, and their families. I specialize in diagnoses related to neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injuries, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, developmental and speech delays. My areas of interest also include: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, social-emotional challenges, grief, low self-esteem, conflicts related to major life transitions, life threatening diseases, and chronic pain.
(857) 763-3553 View (857) 763-3553
Photo of Margaret K Aisenberg Psy.d. Phd, PsyD, Psychologist
Margaret K Aisenberg Psy.d. Phd
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Often we feel that happiness is just out of reach. The feeling of contentment from a success or relationship eludes us. I work with mothers, daughters, men and, especially, highly sensitive people, to look at why the "perfect is the enemy of the possible. " My specialities are procrastination, parenting, eating and body issues, and academic "stuckness "I have a background in academia and am experienced in the world of the arts as well as the intellect. Relational and psychodynamic training. Long-term work. GLBTQ friendly. Chronic pain expertise.
Often we feel that happiness is just out of reach. The feeling of contentment from a success or relationship eludes us. I work with mothers, daughters, men and, especially, highly sensitive people, to look at why the "perfect is the enemy of the possible. " My specialities are procrastination, parenting, eating and body issues, and academic "stuckness "I have a background in academia and am experienced in the world of the arts as well as the intellect. Relational and psychodynamic training. Long-term work. GLBTQ friendly. Chronic pain expertise.
(508) 406-9576 View (508) 406-9576
Photo of Andrea DeBarros-Jensen, PhD, Psychologist
Andrea DeBarros-Jensen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. DeBarros-Jensen works with adults providing psychotherapy that integrates different approaches. Her areas of interest include: Anxiety, depression, trauma, marginalization stress, identity development, self-compassion, and interpersonal issues. Dr. DeBarros-Jensen also has extensive Health Psychology training, helping people with chronic pain, challenges with medication management, and terminal illness.
Dr. DeBarros-Jensen works with adults providing psychotherapy that integrates different approaches. Her areas of interest include: Anxiety, depression, trauma, marginalization stress, identity development, self-compassion, and interpersonal issues. Dr. DeBarros-Jensen also has extensive Health Psychology training, helping people with chronic pain, challenges with medication management, and terminal illness.
(617) 766-0254 x1 View (617) 766-0254 x1
Photo of Kel Thomas, PhD, Psychologist
Kel Thomas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Dr. Thomas (they/them) is a queer, transgender (non-binary and transmasculine), chronically ill, disabled, neuro-divergent and non-monogamous psychologist and they often work with clients from these communities, as well as fellow care workers and others who engage in social-justice work. They are also sex-work and kink affirming and liberation is at the core of all their work. Dr. Thomas works with adults with a variety of concerns and has specialties in treating: Grief, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, interpersonal trauma in childhood, dissociative disorders, and gender exploration/ transition support.
Dr. Thomas (they/them) is a queer, transgender (non-binary and transmasculine), chronically ill, disabled, neuro-divergent and non-monogamous psychologist and they often work with clients from these communities, as well as fellow care workers and others who engage in social-justice work. They are also sex-work and kink affirming and liberation is at the core of all their work. Dr. Thomas works with adults with a variety of concerns and has specialties in treating: Grief, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, interpersonal trauma in childhood, dissociative disorders, and gender exploration/ transition support.
(617) 751-6289 View (617) 751-6289
Photo of Laura Medrano, LMHC, Counselor
Laura Medrano
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Every one of us has endured pain in our lives. Those events can affect our sense of inner security and the ability to mobilize our strengths. Whatever your history may be, transforming the way your mind, body and soul remember the pain, will put you on the path of more freedom to be your preferred self, and experience your relationships and your life to the fullest. Therapy could be that safe space where you can envision a desired life and future for yourself, breathe new hope and possibilities, and develop effective coping strategies that can be carried out outside our sessions.
Every one of us has endured pain in our lives. Those events can affect our sense of inner security and the ability to mobilize our strengths. Whatever your history may be, transforming the way your mind, body and soul remember the pain, will put you on the path of more freedom to be your preferred self, and experience your relationships and your life to the fullest. Therapy could be that safe space where you can envision a desired life and future for yourself, breathe new hope and possibilities, and develop effective coping strategies that can be carried out outside our sessions.
(617) 401-0284 View (617) 401-0284
Photo of Paul Reynolds, PsyD, Psychologist
Paul Reynolds
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Welcome. People seek psychotherapy for a variety of reasons, such as relief from anxiety, loneliness, or grief. Others feel stuck or disconnected. Perhaps patterns of unsatisfying relationships or difficulties deepening relationships have emerged. Psychotherapy provides a unique opportunity to explore personal issues in an environment of trust and respect. I appreciate the courage it takes to work through problems. Emotional pain can signal that one is called upon to make changes or understand things in a new light. I am interested in helping others express themselves more openly, feel more connected to others, and enhance capacities for making authentic choices.
Welcome. People seek psychotherapy for a variety of reasons, such as relief from anxiety, loneliness, or grief. Others feel stuck or disconnected. Perhaps patterns of unsatisfying relationships or difficulties deepening relationships have emerged. Psychotherapy provides a unique opportunity to explore personal issues in an environment of trust and respect. I appreciate the courage it takes to work through problems. Emotional pain can signal that one is called upon to make changes or understand things in a new light. I am interested in helping others express themselves more openly, feel more connected to others, and enhance capacities for making authentic choices.
(857) 540-7724 View (857) 540-7724
Photo of Michael R Goldstein, PhD, Psychologist
Michael R Goldstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Your search for a therapist is a meaningful, personal choice. Good therapy starts with an appreciation of your immediate concerns & context, relevant prior life experiences, and an understanding of what motivates you. Whether you're seeking relief from deep emotional pain, a way to deal with current circumstances, or how to leverage better mental health for peak performance, I aim to make our work together feel safe, reliable, enlivening, and fulfilling. I see a range of clients, from ambitious young adults navigating life transitions, to elite athletes and business executives, to courageous adults & parents wanting more from life.
Your search for a therapist is a meaningful, personal choice. Good therapy starts with an appreciation of your immediate concerns & context, relevant prior life experiences, and an understanding of what motivates you. Whether you're seeking relief from deep emotional pain, a way to deal with current circumstances, or how to leverage better mental health for peak performance, I aim to make our work together feel safe, reliable, enlivening, and fulfilling. I see a range of clients, from ambitious young adults navigating life transitions, to elite athletes and business executives, to courageous adults & parents wanting more from life.
(617) 892-4492 View (617) 892-4492
Photo of Malikah Shaheed, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Malikah Shaheed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
Dealing with chronic illness or situational crisis sometimes leaves us feeling isolated and unsure of where to start.
My ideal patient comes with an open mind to participate in talk therapy and narrative therapy. Ready to start a process - not necessarily eager to engage but wanting to make a change. They are sick and tired of being sick and tired.
Dealing with chronic illness or situational crisis sometimes leaves us feeling isolated and unsure of where to start.
My ideal patient comes with an open mind to participate in talk therapy and narrative therapy. Ready to start a process - not necessarily eager to engage but wanting to make a change. They are sick and tired of being sick and tired.
(857) 578-4261 View (857) 578-4261
Photo of Elivia Savadier, LMHC, EAT
Elivia Savadier
Licensed Mental Health Counselor , LMHC, EAT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
I bring my life experiences, childbirth, parenting, stepfamily dynamics, family physical disability, transgender issues, aging, illness, death.
Both in-person & Telehealth Telehealth is good for • avoiding traffic • you are homebound for any reason • pregnant / new mother / travel awkward • A student with no time to spare. Why I enjoy Telehealth: I get to know you, your environment, a sense of your life ( I may meet your pets or baby ). To my own surprise Telehealth can feel very personal. If you prefer in-person sessions please indicate in your email. Either way, let's have a phone chat.
I bring my life experiences, childbirth, parenting, stepfamily dynamics, family physical disability, transgender issues, aging, illness, death.
Both in-person & Telehealth Telehealth is good for • avoiding traffic • you are homebound for any reason • pregnant / new mother / travel awkward • A student with no time to spare. Why I enjoy Telehealth: I get to know you, your environment, a sense of your life ( I may meet your pets or baby ). To my own surprise Telehealth can feel very personal. If you prefer in-person sessions please indicate in your email. Either way, let's have a phone chat.
(617) 380-4758 View (617) 380-4758
Photo of Amanda Gasser-Wingate, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Gasser-Wingate
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
I have particular experience with individuals and couples facing the challenges of caregiving and maintaining intimacy when coping with a major illness.
**I am not currently accepting new patients.** I provide individual and couples therapy for adults who want to change how they go through life. I work with people on issues related to depression, anxiety, relationships and intimacy, work-related stress, family conflicts, self-esteem issues, grief and loss, and navigating major life transitions. I adapt my work based on your unique needs, strengths, and interests. I use techniques from several different treatment modalities, including psychodynamic psychotherapy (developing insight) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (identifying and working to live in alignment with your values).
I have particular experience with individuals and couples facing the challenges of caregiving and maintaining intimacy when coping with a major illness.
**I am not currently accepting new patients.** I provide individual and couples therapy for adults who want to change how they go through life. I work with people on issues related to depression, anxiety, relationships and intimacy, work-related stress, family conflicts, self-esteem issues, grief and loss, and navigating major life transitions. I adapt my work based on your unique needs, strengths, and interests. I use techniques from several different treatment modalities, including psychodynamic psychotherapy (developing insight) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (identifying and working to live in alignment with your values).
(617) 936-8192 View (617) 936-8192
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Chronic Pain Therapists

How does chronic pain therapy work?

Engaging with a psychotherapist to help treat chronic pain does not mean that one’s pain is all in their head. Therapy for chronic-pain patients has been shown to benefit both the mind and the body, targeting physical symptoms and increasing daily functioning. In other words, for many, addressing their emotional health through therapy affects their physical health. A therapist can help a client challenge unhelpful thoughts about pain and develop new ways to respond to it, such as distraction or calming breathing techniques. Studies have found that therapy can be as effective as surgery for certain cases of chronic pain and many doctors recommend trying psychotherapy in advance of considering invasive surgery.

What are the most effective treatment options for chronic pain?

Stress, anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, ruminating, lack of activity, and social withdrawal all make chronic pain worse. Addressing these issues, research shows, can help people gain control over their pain symptoms. Therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, along with greater pain-management education, have been found to help people reduce fear and disability.

Are there new treatments for chronic pain?

Many cases of chronic pain, particularly those involving back pain, remain medically unexplained. But there is evidence that changes in the brain or nervous system are caused by previous physical ailments such as tissue damage; in such cases, the brain may continue to send out pain signals despite the physical cause having healed. To aid patients under these circumstances, a recently developed treatment known as pain reprocessing therapy (PRT) is designed to help the brain “unlearn” this response. A PRT practitioner helps individuals to reduce the “threat value” of their ongoing pain signals until they can reappraise them as less threatening and fear-inducing. They also help an individual to develop new emotional regulation skills.

How long does therapy for chronic pain take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from chronic pain, especially as there may be a range of physical and psychological causes for any individual’s discomfort, but most patients should expect to see a therapist for a number of weeks or months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions. Studies of pain reprocessing therapy found that many individuals’ experience of pain lessened in eight sessions over four weeks.