Depression Therapists in Brookline, MA

Photo of Hilla Breiman, LICSW, JD, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hilla Breiman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, JD, MA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I specialize in understanding complex issues such as depression, anxiety and relationship problems.
Reaching out to a therapist requires courage and readiness for wanting to make changes. Perhaps you are feeling trapped in your own mind, maybe a tough circumstance forces you to face what is not working anymore in your life, or an inner pain becomes so loud that you can no longer ignore it. In my work, I strive to help you discover yourself, and look at patterns and habits that no longer serve you. My hope is to guide you to break free from whatever is holding you back to become who you truly are.
I specialize in understanding complex issues such as depression, anxiety and relationship problems.
Reaching out to a therapist requires courage and readiness for wanting to make changes. Perhaps you are feeling trapped in your own mind, maybe a tough circumstance forces you to face what is not working anymore in your life, or an inner pain becomes so loud that you can no longer ignore it. In my work, I strive to help you discover yourself, and look at patterns and habits that no longer serve you. My hope is to guide you to break free from whatever is holding you back to become who you truly are.
(857) 371-3808 View (857) 371-3808
Photo of Amy G Fleischer, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy G Fleischer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I am a seasoned psychotherapist, with 25 plus years of Clinical experience. I have worked extensively with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, feelings of isolation, grief, relationship issues, and life stage transitions. Individuals and families facing parenting and adoption challenges are an additional focus of my practice. I also offer psychodynamically oriented Clinical Supervision to therapists at all levels of experience. I am committed to working with you to ensure therapy is financially accessible.
I am a seasoned psychotherapist, with 25 plus years of Clinical experience. I have worked extensively with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, feelings of isolation, grief, relationship issues, and life stage transitions. Individuals and families facing parenting and adoption challenges are an additional focus of my practice. I also offer psychodynamically oriented Clinical Supervision to therapists at all levels of experience. I am committed to working with you to ensure therapy is financially accessible.
(857) 574-4970 View (857) 574-4970
Photo of Jonathan E. Goldberg, PhD, Psychologist
Jonathan E. Goldberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
NOW Accepting New Clients: There is no way to adequately describe the experience of living with depression and anxiety. For the roughly 14% of Americans who suffer from these conditions, everyday activities, such as going to work, speaking in class, even meeting friends for dinner, can become agonizing challenges accompanied by a host of negative physical and emotional symptoms. Perhaps you've noticed your face burning when you speak in public; have felt like an impostor at work and wait to be "found out," or maybe you've experienced a surge of panic (racing-heart, trouble breathing, dizziness, nausea) when you least expected it?
NOW Accepting New Clients: There is no way to adequately describe the experience of living with depression and anxiety. For the roughly 14% of Americans who suffer from these conditions, everyday activities, such as going to work, speaking in class, even meeting friends for dinner, can become agonizing challenges accompanied by a host of negative physical and emotional symptoms. Perhaps you've noticed your face burning when you speak in public; have felt like an impostor at work and wait to be "found out," or maybe you've experienced a surge of panic (racing-heart, trouble breathing, dizziness, nausea) when you least expected it?
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Photo of Sarah Frenette, LCMHC, LMHC, Counselor
Sarah Frenette
Counselor, LCMHC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I specialize in treating eating disorders and body image concerns, anxiety disorders, depression, trauma, family conflict, grief, stress, life transitions and relationship concerns.
I believe that most of us can greatly benefit from a safe, trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship. Seeking help can be an overwhelming and intimidating process. I am a warm, engaged and directive therapist who believes that people can make positive changes to feel better and live more fulfilling and connected lives. My approach to therapy is integrative; combining psychodynamic, behavioral, and relational models. I work with teens, college students, adults and couples on a variety of presenting concerns. Additionally, I offer consultation and supervision services to other clinicians.
I specialize in treating eating disorders and body image concerns, anxiety disorders, depression, trauma, family conflict, grief, stress, life transitions and relationship concerns.
I believe that most of us can greatly benefit from a safe, trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship. Seeking help can be an overwhelming and intimidating process. I am a warm, engaged and directive therapist who believes that people can make positive changes to feel better and live more fulfilling and connected lives. My approach to therapy is integrative; combining psychodynamic, behavioral, and relational models. I work with teens, college students, adults and couples on a variety of presenting concerns. Additionally, I offer consultation and supervision services to other clinicians.
(617) 340-8275 View (617) 340-8275
Photo of Shoshanna Korn-Meyer, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shoshanna Korn-Meyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Whether you are already on a path to change and transformation or if you're feeling stuck, I hope you'll find a good fit in these pages to begin an important journey. Discomfort or uncertainty brought on by depression, anxiety, grief, early trauma, career shifts or financial stress can throw one off balance and make life feel hard. Setting aside time every week to reflect on your feelings offers a rich opportunity to sort through challenging experiences. I look forward to meeting you and helping you examine aspects of your life that you wish to understand more fully.
Whether you are already on a path to change and transformation or if you're feeling stuck, I hope you'll find a good fit in these pages to begin an important journey. Discomfort or uncertainty brought on by depression, anxiety, grief, early trauma, career shifts or financial stress can throw one off balance and make life feel hard. Setting aside time every week to reflect on your feelings offers a rich opportunity to sort through challenging experiences. I look forward to meeting you and helping you examine aspects of your life that you wish to understand more fully.
(617) 674-0951 View (617) 674-0951
Photo of Rivka Perlmann, PhD, Psychologist
Rivka Perlmann
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Many of the individuals I see want to develop a better self-image and free themselves from paralyzing doubts and uncertainties. Others want to achieve a greater sense of satisfaction in intimate relationships, gain relief from anxiety and depression, or reduce the blocks that stop them from pursuing goals and dreams. Through conversation in psychotherapy you increase clarity and understanding - - of thoughts, feelings, and actions -- and thereby gain a greater sense of realism and optimism about your future.
Many of the individuals I see want to develop a better self-image and free themselves from paralyzing doubts and uncertainties. Others want to achieve a greater sense of satisfaction in intimate relationships, gain relief from anxiety and depression, or reduce the blocks that stop them from pursuing goals and dreams. Through conversation in psychotherapy you increase clarity and understanding - - of thoughts, feelings, and actions -- and thereby gain a greater sense of realism and optimism about your future.
(617) 738-8027 View (617) 738-8027
Photo of Alison McGrath, PsyD, Psychologist
Alison McGrath
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
I have experience working with individuals on a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship problems, marital discord, family conflict, work and academic difficulties, grief and loss, trauma, and life transitions.
I believe psychotherapy is most effective when individuals feel genuinely connected to their therapist. I offer a safe, trusting, and supportive environment that enables individuals to develop the understanding and skills needed to make positive changes in their lives. Whether seeking therapy for symptom alleviation, a desire for greater self-understanding, or to cope with a particular crisis, good psychotherapy facilitates personal growth and learning in order to help individuals lead more fulfilling and enjoyable lives.
I have experience working with individuals on a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship problems, marital discord, family conflict, work and academic difficulties, grief and loss, trauma, and life transitions.
I believe psychotherapy is most effective when individuals feel genuinely connected to their therapist. I offer a safe, trusting, and supportive environment that enables individuals to develop the understanding and skills needed to make positive changes in their lives. Whether seeking therapy for symptom alleviation, a desire for greater self-understanding, or to cope with a particular crisis, good psychotherapy facilitates personal growth and learning in order to help individuals lead more fulfilling and enjoyable lives.
(617) 934-5589 View (617) 934-5589
Photo of Felix William Treitler, LICSW, USTA, USPTA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Felix William Treitler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, USTA, USPTA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
I work with a variety of issues: relationships, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, PTSD, ADHD, grief/loss, parenting, Sports Psychology, career counseling, and a host of others.
I offer a co-ed Relationship Group. Feel free to inquire more about how this kind of therapy can be quite useful. I do Individual, Couples, Family, and Group Therapy. I currently facilitate a Bereavement Group which meets at my Brookline office every Saturday from 2-4pm. I also run groups for substance abuse, depression and anxiety. In addition, I have a lot of experience counseling children of all ages. I am a firm believer in strength-based psychotherapy.
I work with a variety of issues: relationships, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, PTSD, ADHD, grief/loss, parenting, Sports Psychology, career counseling, and a host of others.
I offer a co-ed Relationship Group. Feel free to inquire more about how this kind of therapy can be quite useful. I do Individual, Couples, Family, and Group Therapy. I currently facilitate a Bereavement Group which meets at my Brookline office every Saturday from 2-4pm. I also run groups for substance abuse, depression and anxiety. In addition, I have a lot of experience counseling children of all ages. I am a firm believer in strength-based psychotherapy.
(781) 332-4637 View (781) 332-4637
Photo of Tally Gershfield, LMHC, MFT, Counselor
Tally Gershfield
Counselor, LMHC, MFT
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Currently accepting new clients- I am a licensed therapist practicing in Brookline, MA. I treat individuals and couples presenting with a range of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, family conflict, and relationship challenges. I use an integrative therapeutic approach, drawing on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral (CBT), and dialectical behavioral techniques (DBT).
Currently accepting new clients- I am a licensed therapist practicing in Brookline, MA. I treat individuals and couples presenting with a range of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, family conflict, and relationship challenges. I use an integrative therapeutic approach, drawing on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral (CBT), and dialectical behavioral techniques (DBT).
(617) 405-3407 View (617) 405-3407
Photo of Kelsey Flynn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelsey Flynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Kelsey Flynn is a compassionate, dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over three years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Kelsey works with individuals and families who are experiencing a wide range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship conflicts, anger, stress, trauma, and PTSD.
Kelsey Flynn is a compassionate, dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over three years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Kelsey works with individuals and families who are experiencing a wide range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship conflicts, anger, stress, trauma, and PTSD.
(857) 420-7040 View (857) 420-7040
Photo of Margaret J Connolly, PhD, Psychologist
Margaret J Connolly
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I have extensive experience treating individuals with depression, anxiety, attention deficit disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, as well as eating disorders.
As a therapist, I provide individual, couples and family therapy to adolescents and adults. I work in a collaborative, non-judgmental manner that aims to promote positive change within a person's life. After a comprehensive assessment, I utilize a variety of approaches including psychodynamic (focused on developing insight) and cognitive behavioral (focused on understanding the thoughts and behaviors that shape experience) based on individual need. Through therapy that respects the complexities of each individual's life, I strive for my clients to develop a deep understanding of themselves that will enable long lasting growth.
I have extensive experience treating individuals with depression, anxiety, attention deficit disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, as well as eating disorders.
As a therapist, I provide individual, couples and family therapy to adolescents and adults. I work in a collaborative, non-judgmental manner that aims to promote positive change within a person's life. After a comprehensive assessment, I utilize a variety of approaches including psychodynamic (focused on developing insight) and cognitive behavioral (focused on understanding the thoughts and behaviors that shape experience) based on individual need. Through therapy that respects the complexities of each individual's life, I strive for my clients to develop a deep understanding of themselves that will enable long lasting growth.
(617) 934-6794 View (617) 934-6794
Photo of Judith Wilner Lawrence, PhD, Psychologist
Judith Wilner Lawrence
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
When beginning psychotherapy, individuals often feel vulnerable and in need of a safe space in which to examine their struggles and work towards healing. With over 30 years of experience, and as a Harvard-trained psychologist, I provide such a space. I work with empathy, intellect, and humor to help clients address such diverse concerns as life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, and eating disorders. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic and relational theories, and I use CBT and mindfulness techniques where appropriate to help clients understand themselves, achieve their goals, and find satisfaction in their lives.
When beginning psychotherapy, individuals often feel vulnerable and in need of a safe space in which to examine their struggles and work towards healing. With over 30 years of experience, and as a Harvard-trained psychologist, I provide such a space. I work with empathy, intellect, and humor to help clients address such diverse concerns as life transitions, anxiety, depression, trauma, and eating disorders. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic and relational theories, and I use CBT and mindfulness techniques where appropriate to help clients understand themselves, achieve their goals, and find satisfaction in their lives.
(617) 739-1212 View (617) 739-1212
Photo of Mike Yaniv, LMHC, Counselor
Mike Yaniv
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446
My clinical experience includes depression and anxiety management, supporting clients with ADHD and ASD , school avoidance, crisis interventions, creative arts therapy, and parental guidance.
Currently Accepting New Clients. I work with young people and their families to provide meaningful and lasting change that help improve their wellbeing and success in their lives. I focus on integrative treatment modalities that teach and reinforce skills for emotional and behavioral management, as well as help my clients achieve acceptance and commitment for positive change through effective treatment plans and person-centered approach.
My clinical experience includes depression and anxiety management, supporting clients with ADHD and ASD , school avoidance, crisis interventions, creative arts therapy, and parental guidance.
Currently Accepting New Clients. I work with young people and their families to provide meaningful and lasting change that help improve their wellbeing and success in their lives. I focus on integrative treatment modalities that teach and reinforce skills for emotional and behavioral management, as well as help my clients achieve acceptance and commitment for positive change through effective treatment plans and person-centered approach.
(857) 971-6703 View (857) 971-6703
Photo of Judith Sanditen, MEd, PsyD, Psychologist
Judith Sanditen
Psychologist, MEd, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
I have worked with people who have anxiety, depression, trauma, obsessions, compulsions, phobias, and panic. People come to me to work on relationships in order to resolve conflicts that are having a negative impact on them. These relationships may be significant others, spouse, child, parent, roommate, or co-worker.
I have worked with people who have anxiety, depression, trauma, obsessions, compulsions, phobias, and panic. People come to me to work on relationships in order to resolve conflicts that are having a negative impact on them. These relationships may be significant others, spouse, child, parent, roommate, or co-worker.
(617) 446-3272 View (617) 446-3272
Photo of Jordan Haghighi, Mhc, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jordan Haghighi
Pre-Licensed Professional, Mhc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Deciding to seek any form of support isn't always the easiest decision. Recognizing that you want to connect with a professional about anxiety, depression, previous trauma or just someone to talk to with an impartial view, is a tremendous step in your growth as an individual. I pride myself on my ability to meet with my clients where they are at. To genuinely listen to them without judgement. Ensuring that they know I am on their team and want to help them achieve their goals. My primary goal is for the clients I work with to feel as comfortable and rewarded as possible through this process.
Deciding to seek any form of support isn't always the easiest decision. Recognizing that you want to connect with a professional about anxiety, depression, previous trauma or just someone to talk to with an impartial view, is a tremendous step in your growth as an individual. I pride myself on my ability to meet with my clients where they are at. To genuinely listen to them without judgement. Ensuring that they know I am on their team and want to help them achieve their goals. My primary goal is for the clients I work with to feel as comfortable and rewarded as possible through this process.
(857) 675-3118 View (857) 675-3118
Photo of Carol Reichenthal, PhD, Psychologist
Carol Reichenthal
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
If you want help dealing with loss, depression or anxiety, have difficulties in your important relationships, or are struggling with life transitions, questions about career advancement, retirement, or balancing professional success and relationships, we can work together for you feel happier and more satisfied. Using a combination of skills that include insight, practicality, empathy and warmth, I help people understand and resolve their difficulties and maximize their strengths. Psychotherapy is profoundly helpful in dealing with persistent problems rooted in the past and making headway with more immediate present issues.
If you want help dealing with loss, depression or anxiety, have difficulties in your important relationships, or are struggling with life transitions, questions about career advancement, retirement, or balancing professional success and relationships, we can work together for you feel happier and more satisfied. Using a combination of skills that include insight, practicality, empathy and warmth, I help people understand and resolve their difficulties and maximize their strengths. Psychotherapy is profoundly helpful in dealing with persistent problems rooted in the past and making headway with more immediate present issues.
(617) 237-0981 View (617) 237-0981
Photo of Dr. Kai Le Page Bekkeli, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Kai Le Page Bekkeli
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I am a licensed psychologist who is trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Patients who come to me are looking to understand the significance and meaning of their most difficult-to-solve problems—problems like anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relational struggles, and self-harm. They are often patients who have not had success with short-term and/or cognitive therapies, and they have a sense that their struggles signify something more than mere dysfunction—that their problems point to something unique and unknown about themselves.
I am a licensed psychologist who is trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Patients who come to me are looking to understand the significance and meaning of their most difficult-to-solve problems—problems like anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relational struggles, and self-harm. They are often patients who have not had success with short-term and/or cognitive therapies, and they have a sense that their struggles signify something more than mere dysfunction—that their problems point to something unique and unknown about themselves.
(857) 280-1613 View (857) 280-1613
Photo of Sarah Carter, LMHC, RDT, Counselor
Sarah Carter
Counselor, LMHC, RDT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
Welcome, and thank you for visiting my profile. I provide individual therapy for adults 18+ to address: recent life transitions or loss; symptoms of anxiety and/or depression; difficulty in relationships; traumatic life events; desire to improve mindset and build positive self esteem. I have treated adults, children and adolescents in a variety of settings including The Trauma Center at JRI, Boston Children's Hospital, and McLean Hospital. I would be glad to assist you with your goals toward your overall health and well-being.
Welcome, and thank you for visiting my profile. I provide individual therapy for adults 18+ to address: recent life transitions or loss; symptoms of anxiety and/or depression; difficulty in relationships; traumatic life events; desire to improve mindset and build positive self esteem. I have treated adults, children and adolescents in a variety of settings including The Trauma Center at JRI, Boston Children's Hospital, and McLean Hospital. I would be glad to assist you with your goals toward your overall health and well-being.
(857) 264-3510 View (857) 264-3510
Photo of Antonio S. Gomes, MA, MAEd
Antonio S. Gomes
MA, MAEd
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
While we are fully aware of what is happening at the conscious level, we have no idea what information is stored in the unconscious. For the most part, the source of most of our problems is stored in the unconscious. I help patients verbalize and get in touch with their unconscious, leading to a successful treatment. I Work with adults diagnosed with a psychotic mental disorder; highly functional patients, however, under psychotic medications. I also have experience working with individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, and narcissistic personality disorder.
While we are fully aware of what is happening at the conscious level, we have no idea what information is stored in the unconscious. For the most part, the source of most of our problems is stored in the unconscious. I help patients verbalize and get in touch with their unconscious, leading to a successful treatment. I Work with adults diagnosed with a psychotic mental disorder; highly functional patients, however, under psychotic medications. I also have experience working with individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, and narcissistic personality disorder.
(857) 273-1671 View (857) 273-1671
Photo of Jonathan Green, PhD, Psychologist
Jonathan Green
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446
Based in Massachusetts, Dr. Green is a clinical psychologist dedicated to helping clients realize the change they desire. He offers expertise in trauma-related reactions as well as a variety of other issues clients might have. These include depression, anxiety, substance use, motivation, and assertiveness. He has worked with couples since early in his graduate training. Dr. Green utilizes gold-standard, empirically supported treatments, including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Prolonged Exposure, and Motivational Interviewing.
Based in Massachusetts, Dr. Green is a clinical psychologist dedicated to helping clients realize the change they desire. He offers expertise in trauma-related reactions as well as a variety of other issues clients might have. These include depression, anxiety, substance use, motivation, and assertiveness. He has worked with couples since early in his graduate training. Dr. Green utilizes gold-standard, empirically supported treatments, including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Prolonged Exposure, and Motivational Interviewing.
(857) 362-8542 View (857) 362-8542
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Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.