Photo of Hanan Hashem, PhD, MA, MEd, Psychologist
Hanan Hashem
Psychologist, PhD, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02135  (Online Only)
I work with adults of all ages dealing with trauma, mood disorders, life transitions, and existential concerns. I focus on how your immediate experiences, social and political contexts, and ancestral legacies influence your mental health. My work in intergenerational trauma helps clients heal deep-seated wounds and reclaim their narratives. I also specialize in treating mood disorders, using a lifespan development approach to support clients through different life stages. My approach is heavily relational and culturally attuned.
I work with adults of all ages dealing with trauma, mood disorders, life transitions, and existential concerns. I focus on how your immediate experiences, social and political contexts, and ancestral legacies influence your mental health. My work in intergenerational trauma helps clients heal deep-seated wounds and reclaim their narratives. I also specialize in treating mood disorders, using a lifespan development approach to support clients through different life stages. My approach is heavily relational and culturally attuned.
(857) 810-5654 View (857) 810-5654
Photo of Stephen L Gresham, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Stephen L Gresham
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02128  (Online Only)
My specialty areas include anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual orientation, gender identity, and relationship conflict.
Even in the darkest of moments, it’s important that you know that you are deserving of feeling good and being well. Yet, experiences can challenge just how much you believe that is possible. You may begin to doubt, doubt turns into inaction, and inaction turns into many dark days and nights. You may feel lost, but hope is not gone. Within our work together we clarify your vision of wellness, examine roadblocks, and identify smart strategies to make life begin to work for you.
My specialty areas include anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual orientation, gender identity, and relationship conflict.
Even in the darkest of moments, it’s important that you know that you are deserving of feeling good and being well. Yet, experiences can challenge just how much you believe that is possible. You may begin to doubt, doubt turns into inaction, and inaction turns into many dark days and nights. You may feel lost, but hope is not gone. Within our work together we clarify your vision of wellness, examine roadblocks, and identify smart strategies to make life begin to work for you.
(617) 528-9243 View (617) 528-9243
Photo of Maria Baldrich Valerio, MEd, LMHC, Counselor
Maria Baldrich Valerio
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02118  (Online Only)
In my journey as a therapist, I acquired extensive experience treating depression, anxiety, addictions, and working with survivors of trauma.
Humans have the ability to enjoy life, be happy and overcome challenging situations. Sometimes we get stuck in the process of discovering our sources of pleasure, fun and relaxation, and when that happens, we suffer; in those moments it seems like the pain will never end. However, we have strengths that are yet to be discovered. I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 10 years of experience. I am bilingual, in English and Spanish. My mission is to help you find the strengths to support growth, empowerment and healing, mentally and physically.
In my journey as a therapist, I acquired extensive experience treating depression, anxiety, addictions, and working with survivors of trauma.
Humans have the ability to enjoy life, be happy and overcome challenging situations. Sometimes we get stuck in the process of discovering our sources of pleasure, fun and relaxation, and when that happens, we suffer; in those moments it seems like the pain will never end. However, we have strengths that are yet to be discovered. I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 10 years of experience. I am bilingual, in English and Spanish. My mission is to help you find the strengths to support growth, empowerment and healing, mentally and physically.
(617) 379-0448 View (617) 379-0448
Photo of Samantha Ricci, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Ricci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I am well-versed in working within the queer community and have specialized training in trauma-informed therapy, neurobiology, and attachment theory.
I am an openly queer therapist specializing in trauma and gender/sexuality. I offer a down-to-earth, engaging, and evidence-based therapeutic experience. I am passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ adults struggling with their mental health, the impacts of complex trauma, and relationship issues. I am right for you if you're seeking an affirming and results-oriented therapist who also doesn't just listen. In our sessions, we often laugh together, and using evidence-based approaches like IFS, Attachment Theory, and ACT, we'll work collaboratively to help you live more joyfully and authentically.
I am well-versed in working within the queer community and have specialized training in trauma-informed therapy, neurobiology, and attachment theory.
I am an openly queer therapist specializing in trauma and gender/sexuality. I offer a down-to-earth, engaging, and evidence-based therapeutic experience. I am passionate about working with LGBTQIA+ adults struggling with their mental health, the impacts of complex trauma, and relationship issues. I am right for you if you're seeking an affirming and results-oriented therapist who also doesn't just listen. In our sessions, we often laugh together, and using evidence-based approaches like IFS, Attachment Theory, and ACT, we'll work collaboratively to help you live more joyfully and authentically.
(774) 500-3731 View (774) 500-3731
Photo of Rebekah Doweyko - Bardwell Behavioral, LMHC, CEDS-S, Counselor
Bardwell Behavioral
Counselor, LMHC, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Offering over 25 years of experience in treating disordered eating/eating disorders, substance use disorders, trauma, mood disorders, ADHD, family conflict and relationship issues, we value and honor diversity, autonomy and inclusivity.
Understanding we are all in different "stages of change", we utilize an eclectic approach to guide you through your own process at your own pace. It is absolutely an honor and our passion to treat those who struggle with mental health issues such as Eating Disorders, Substance Use, trauma, depression, anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues and associated disorders. We employ an individualized approach to therapy in order to empower people to change their lives. In the wise words of Maya Angelou, "My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, humor, and style."
Offering over 25 years of experience in treating disordered eating/eating disorders, substance use disorders, trauma, mood disorders, ADHD, family conflict and relationship issues, we value and honor diversity, autonomy and inclusivity.
Understanding we are all in different "stages of change", we utilize an eclectic approach to guide you through your own process at your own pace. It is absolutely an honor and our passion to treat those who struggle with mental health issues such as Eating Disorders, Substance Use, trauma, depression, anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues and associated disorders. We employ an individualized approach to therapy in order to empower people to change their lives. In the wise words of Maya Angelou, "My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, humor, and style."
(508) 422-4934 View (508) 422-4934
Photo of Teresa Protasio - Be Heard Psychotherapy, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Be Heard Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02109
We are currently accepting new clients! Welcome to Be Heard Psychotherapy. We offer high-quality therapy services that prioritize your unique needs and experiences. Our practice specializes in client-centered and trauma-informed care, meaning that we recognize the impact that trauma can have on mental health and prioritize creating a safe, supportive environment for all our clients. Our team of clinicians is highly trained and experienced, and we offer in-person and telehealth sessions to accommodate your preferences and needs. We are conveniently located in the North End Neighborhood of Boston.
We are currently accepting new clients! Welcome to Be Heard Psychotherapy. We offer high-quality therapy services that prioritize your unique needs and experiences. Our practice specializes in client-centered and trauma-informed care, meaning that we recognize the impact that trauma can have on mental health and prioritize creating a safe, supportive environment for all our clients. Our team of clinicians is highly trained and experienced, and we offer in-person and telehealth sessions to accommodate your preferences and needs. We are conveniently located in the North End Neighborhood of Boston.
(781) 746-7416 View (781) 746-7416
Photo of Laura Brennan, PhD, Psychologist
Laura Brennan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I believe that relationships determine a lot about how we interact with the world - in both helpful and less helpful ways. Our behaviors, attitudes, thoughts, feelings, and relationship styles are reinforced over time by our experiences, families, partners, environments, and culture. Psychotherapy can help when stress, trauma, life transitions, or difficult relationships call for new ways of coping and navigating our lives.
I believe that relationships determine a lot about how we interact with the world - in both helpful and less helpful ways. Our behaviors, attitudes, thoughts, feelings, and relationship styles are reinforced over time by our experiences, families, partners, environments, and culture. Psychotherapy can help when stress, trauma, life transitions, or difficult relationships call for new ways of coping and navigating our lives.
(857) 226-9374 View (857) 226-9374
Photo of Margaret Marino, PhD, Psychologist
Margaret Marino
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Therapy is about finding the right match between a client and a therapist. I try an establish a collaborative and interactive relationship with my clients. We work on trying to resolve areas of immediate distress as well as trying to understand how the past may be effecting your current situation. The problems that clients bring into treatment include relationship issues, difficulties communicating with family members, past histories of trauma as well as past and current histories of eating disorders and obesity. I see a wide range of clients- including children and families, college students and adults.
Therapy is about finding the right match between a client and a therapist. I try an establish a collaborative and interactive relationship with my clients. We work on trying to resolve areas of immediate distress as well as trying to understand how the past may be effecting your current situation. The problems that clients bring into treatment include relationship issues, difficulties communicating with family members, past histories of trauma as well as past and current histories of eating disorders and obesity. I see a wide range of clients- including children and families, college students and adults.
(617) 326-3449 View (617) 326-3449
Photo of Analisa Savini, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Analisa Savini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02201  (Online Only)
Analisa specializes in treating individuals who struggle with complex trauma, addiction and codependency.
Analisa is a Licensed Independent Certified Social Worker practicing remotely with clients in Massachussetts. She is passionate about helping clients create lasting change by exploring attachment styles and addressing maladaptive coping strategies and relational dysfunction head-on. Her go-to treatment modalities are IFS, CBT, DBT, and EFT. As a trauma therapist, Analisa understands that “the body keeps the score”, and emphasizes the importance of releasing trauma stored in the body through movement and somatic healing techniques.
Analisa specializes in treating individuals who struggle with complex trauma, addiction and codependency.
Analisa is a Licensed Independent Certified Social Worker practicing remotely with clients in Massachussetts. She is passionate about helping clients create lasting change by exploring attachment styles and addressing maladaptive coping strategies and relational dysfunction head-on. Her go-to treatment modalities are IFS, CBT, DBT, and EFT. As a trauma therapist, Analisa understands that “the body keeps the score”, and emphasizes the importance of releasing trauma stored in the body through movement and somatic healing techniques.
(857) 520-9186 View (857) 520-9186
Photo of Solomon Zinn Hallal, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Solomon Zinn Hallal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Being alive in 2022 is wild! are you ISO someone to help make meaning of this novel time and place? let’s sit in the strangeness of this moment in time together, feeling through the sad and challenging bits until we can get back into the present, together. i love to talk and hear about gender, expression and relationships, and to learn how experiencing addiction and trauma have made you the beautiful and resilient creature you are today! im a sober body posi fat white southern queer non-binary intersectional feminist polyamorist parent to adopted kids..i bet we have something in common!
Being alive in 2022 is wild! are you ISO someone to help make meaning of this novel time and place? let’s sit in the strangeness of this moment in time together, feeling through the sad and challenging bits until we can get back into the present, together. i love to talk and hear about gender, expression and relationships, and to learn how experiencing addiction and trauma have made you the beautiful and resilient creature you are today! im a sober body posi fat white southern queer non-binary intersectional feminist polyamorist parent to adopted kids..i bet we have something in common!
(802) 255-8683 View (802) 255-8683
Photo of Ben Kudler, MSW, LICSW, CST, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ben Kudler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CST
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
My expertise includes working with trauma survivors, individuals in LGBTQI+ communities, gender-specific work, male survivors of sexual violence, sexual compulsivity (OCSB), & HIV/AIDS.
I offer compassionate custom-tailored individual and couples therapy to people seeking to make meaning of their experiences, to advance their self-understanding, and to improve the quality of their lives. I am also an AASECT-certified sex therapist who helps clients improve their sexual relationship with themselves and others. My approach is relational and warm, primarily from a strengths-based psychodynamic perspective with behavioral interventions drawing from CBT/DBT and mindfulness practice. I use an interactive style to help you clarify the root of struggles, identify barriers, and create pathways to move forward.
My expertise includes working with trauma survivors, individuals in LGBTQI+ communities, gender-specific work, male survivors of sexual violence, sexual compulsivity (OCSB), & HIV/AIDS.
I offer compassionate custom-tailored individual and couples therapy to people seeking to make meaning of their experiences, to advance their self-understanding, and to improve the quality of their lives. I am also an AASECT-certified sex therapist who helps clients improve their sexual relationship with themselves and others. My approach is relational and warm, primarily from a strengths-based psychodynamic perspective with behavioral interventions drawing from CBT/DBT and mindfulness practice. I use an interactive style to help you clarify the root of struggles, identify barriers, and create pathways to move forward.
(617) 229-7228 View (617) 229-7228
Photo of Sima (Sharon) Menora, PsyD, Psychologist
Sima (Sharon) Menora
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist offering trauma-informed individual and couples therapy. My clients and I work together to sort through their experiences both present and past. Through self-compassion, in a warm and safe environment, we work on improving your insight into your experiences and into your important relationships.
I am a licensed psychologist offering trauma-informed individual and couples therapy. My clients and I work together to sort through their experiences both present and past. Through self-compassion, in a warm and safe environment, we work on improving your insight into your experiences and into your important relationships.
(508) 466-4645 View (508) 466-4645
Photo of Brian Diehl, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brian Diehl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02118  (Online Only)
I can work with Impulse/Emotion, PTSD and Suicidal thoughts, feelings and urges.
If your struggling with self, others or maladaptive behaviors I can assist in developing a personalized treatment plan and goals. Utilizing various trainings, beliefs and tested modalities, together we can move towards the life you want, accept the situations that we may not be able to change and weave an eclectic, psychoeducational approach designed to provide tools and develop skills to address many of your stated concerns. Using supportive language, a belief that change is possible and the inherent power of the human spirit, I will walk with you though the changes you seek.
I can work with Impulse/Emotion, PTSD and Suicidal thoughts, feelings and urges.
If your struggling with self, others or maladaptive behaviors I can assist in developing a personalized treatment plan and goals. Utilizing various trainings, beliefs and tested modalities, together we can move towards the life you want, accept the situations that we may not be able to change and weave an eclectic, psychoeducational approach designed to provide tools and develop skills to address many of your stated concerns. Using supportive language, a belief that change is possible and the inherent power of the human spirit, I will walk with you though the changes you seek.
(617) 405-3495 View (617) 405-3495
Photo of Ellen Wood, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ellen Wood
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
I have certificates in TF-CBT, Emotionally Focused Therapy, and Trauma and the Roots of Infidelity.
More than half of my clients are couple's seeking help to navigate difficult conflicts in their relationship. Many are seeking support and guidance healing from the trauma of infidelity. Other couples are hoping to improve their connection, intimacy, and communication. I also work with adult individuals to help navigate attachment wounds, sexual dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and trauma. My clients seek a safe space to overcome their inner conflicts, understand the dimensions of their being, and be seen and heard. I use interventions in sessions to help clients resolve conflicts and put words to their feelings.
I have certificates in TF-CBT, Emotionally Focused Therapy, and Trauma and the Roots of Infidelity.
More than half of my clients are couple's seeking help to navigate difficult conflicts in their relationship. Many are seeking support and guidance healing from the trauma of infidelity. Other couples are hoping to improve their connection, intimacy, and communication. I also work with adult individuals to help navigate attachment wounds, sexual dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and trauma. My clients seek a safe space to overcome their inner conflicts, understand the dimensions of their being, and be seen and heard. I use interventions in sessions to help clients resolve conflicts and put words to their feelings.
(857) 403-9305 View (857) 403-9305
Photo of Amanda R. Mahnke, PsyD, EdM, Psychologist
Amanda R. Mahnke
Psychologist, PsyD, EdM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02128  (Online Only)
I am trained in evidence-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, and acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions.
I work with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, interpersonal conflict, and life transitions, among other concerns. Many of my clients come to therapy because they want to learn how to cope more effectively during difficult times, gain self-understanding, make meaningful changes in life, or find self-compassion.
I am trained in evidence-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, and acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions.
I work with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, interpersonal conflict, and life transitions, among other concerns. Many of my clients come to therapy because they want to learn how to cope more effectively during difficult times, gain self-understanding, make meaningful changes in life, or find self-compassion.
(617) 648-5654 View (617) 648-5654
Photo of Melanie Dudek, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Dudek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109
Melanie Dudek is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with over 4 years of experience. She primarily works with adults across the lifespan who are managing issues related to anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, new or chronic illness, caregiver fatigue, grief, and end-of-life issues.
Melanie Dudek is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with over 4 years of experience. She primarily works with adults across the lifespan who are managing issues related to anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, new or chronic illness, caregiver fatigue, grief, and end-of-life issues.
(857) 336-1945 View (857) 336-1945
Photo of Frances T. Spillane, LMHC, LLC, Counselor
Frances T. Spillane
Counselor, LMHC, LLC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02124  (Online Only)
Heal the impact of trauma and move towards relief, empowerment, and a newfound sense of inner peace.
Unresolved trauma affects your life. Whether it's the pain of a difficult childhood, a recent traumatic experience, or challenging relationships, I can help you resolve your pain and transform your life. Current pain often stems from past traumas that are stuck in your nervous system. Conditions like anxiety, depression, and PTSD are typically related to painful experiences that need care and healing. Although you might not be consciously aware of this pain, it often manifests in ways such as blowing up, shutting down, walling off, or frantically trying to please others.
Heal the impact of trauma and move towards relief, empowerment, and a newfound sense of inner peace.
Unresolved trauma affects your life. Whether it's the pain of a difficult childhood, a recent traumatic experience, or challenging relationships, I can help you resolve your pain and transform your life. Current pain often stems from past traumas that are stuck in your nervous system. Conditions like anxiety, depression, and PTSD are typically related to painful experiences that need care and healing. Although you might not be consciously aware of this pain, it often manifests in ways such as blowing up, shutting down, walling off, or frantically trying to please others.
(857) 855-4417 View (857) 855-4417
Photo of Teresa G Dias, LMHC, LPC, RPT, Counselor
Teresa G Dias
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
Waitlist for new clients
I am trauma informed and culturally sensitive therapist.
I am maintaining a waiting list, but not taking new clients now. My office is in downtown Boston, on Franklin St. I offer a welcoming and secure place for your child to explore issues of anxiety, depression, PTSD and more. I am a Registered play therapist, and Licensed mental health counselor who engages in children's natural play language to unpack and examine life's challenges. I also use art, sandtray and mindfulness to teach coping tools, and help children and teens understand their internal world. I am available to see children, teens, and adults. Together we will co-create a creative and productive therapeutic experience.
I am trauma informed and culturally sensitive therapist.
I am maintaining a waiting list, but not taking new clients now. My office is in downtown Boston, on Franklin St. I offer a welcoming and secure place for your child to explore issues of anxiety, depression, PTSD and more. I am a Registered play therapist, and Licensed mental health counselor who engages in children's natural play language to unpack and examine life's challenges. I also use art, sandtray and mindfulness to teach coping tools, and help children and teens understand their internal world. I am available to see children, teens, and adults. Together we will co-create a creative and productive therapeutic experience.
(339) 230-6499 View (339) 230-6499
Photo of Teresa Coral-Clark - Toolbox Therapy, PLLC, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Toolbox Therapy, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
I'm trauma focused, YOU-centered with 20 years of experience working with all walks of life.
Sometimes getting through the day is just too much. Trying to handle life and feeling stuck, a lack of tolerance or irritability to what feels like everything? Maybe you're struggling with low self-worth, shame, guilt, anxiety, depression, a difficult childhood, trauma, grief/loss, and/or just making some life choices.
I'm trauma focused, YOU-centered with 20 years of experience working with all walks of life.
Sometimes getting through the day is just too much. Trying to handle life and feeling stuck, a lack of tolerance or irritability to what feels like everything? Maybe you're struggling with low self-worth, shame, guilt, anxiety, depression, a difficult childhood, trauma, grief/loss, and/or just making some life choices.
(617) 415-4512 View (617) 415-4512
Photo of Megan Donelan - Megan Donelan Counseling, MA, LMHC, LPCC, Counselor
Megan Donelan Counseling
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02215
Now accepting new clients in Florida and Massachusetts! Megan prioritizes helping clients feel comfortable, safe, and at ease during sessions. Each session is a collaborative process: the client is the expert in their life, and Megan will tailor her approach to suit their boundaries, comfort level, goals, and needs every time they meet. She specializes in anxiety, attachment, trauma but provides support for a wide range of concerns. Many of her clients are new to therapy, and Megan takes pride in destigmatizing therapy- her sessions feel casual, easy, and safe. Therapy doesn't need to feel like a big deal for big changes to occur.
Now accepting new clients in Florida and Massachusetts! Megan prioritizes helping clients feel comfortable, safe, and at ease during sessions. Each session is a collaborative process: the client is the expert in their life, and Megan will tailor her approach to suit their boundaries, comfort level, goals, and needs every time they meet. She specializes in anxiety, attachment, trauma but provides support for a wide range of concerns. Many of her clients are new to therapy, and Megan takes pride in destigmatizing therapy- her sessions feel casual, easy, and safe. Therapy doesn't need to feel like a big deal for big changes to occur.
(857) 855-7198 View (857) 855-7198
1
...
Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.