Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

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Photo of Jade Erickson, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jade Erickson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55417
Not accepting new clients
Jade loves working with people who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, fear around death and dying, and specifically specializes in supporting people who are moving through traumatic forms of grief. She will strive to help you heal trauma, integrate losses, amplify joy in moments of despair, and work to uncover ways to honor the life lived. Jade also enjoys working with deconstructing (and possibly reconstructing) faith or spirituality. Jade supports all religions, no religion, and spiritual-but-not-religious.
Jade loves working with people who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, fear around death and dying, and specifically specializes in supporting people who are moving through traumatic forms of grief. She will strive to help you heal trauma, integrate losses, amplify joy in moments of despair, and work to uncover ways to honor the life lived. Jade also enjoys working with deconstructing (and possibly reconstructing) faith or spirituality. Jade supports all religions, no religion, and spiritual-but-not-religious.
(612) 979-1877 View (612) 979-1877
Photo of Tammie Wittrock - Sound Mind Counseling, MPH, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sound Mind Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MPH, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Does this vibe? " I’m constantly overthinking every little thing while simultaneously forgetting everything". Or, "I’m interested in discovering different aspects of intimacy and relationships and I need help figuring out what I want". What about, " I’m trying to make what feels like a bazillion (yes this is an actual word) decisions every day, while trying to meet everyone else’s needs". Better yet, " I am lonely and overly emotional yet unemotional and clingy but distant & private but will overshare and I'm an extrovert but also its way to peoplie to go outside and connect". If this is you then let's talk!
Does this vibe? " I’m constantly overthinking every little thing while simultaneously forgetting everything". Or, "I’m interested in discovering different aspects of intimacy and relationships and I need help figuring out what I want". What about, " I’m trying to make what feels like a bazillion (yes this is an actual word) decisions every day, while trying to meet everyone else’s needs". Better yet, " I am lonely and overly emotional yet unemotional and clingy but distant & private but will overshare and I'm an extrovert but also its way to peoplie to go outside and connect". If this is you then let's talk!
(612) 712-6232 View (612) 712-6232
Photo of Linda Valerian, MA, LPCC, CCTP, CBSEP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Linda Valerian
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC, CCTP, CBSEP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55406
Not accepting new clients
For many of us, living fully in the present moment is hard to do when pain from the past forces itself into our daily lives. That pain can come from past abuse or neglect, rejection, disappointment, grief, a serious medical condition, feeling different or never fitting in, losses that may accompany aging or other life transitions, or the accumulated assaults of racism, sexism, homophobia or any other "ism". My goal as an EMDR-trained, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional is to work together with you to help you learn to live more fully in the present moment, free from the pain of the past.
For many of us, living fully in the present moment is hard to do when pain from the past forces itself into our daily lives. That pain can come from past abuse or neglect, rejection, disappointment, grief, a serious medical condition, feeling different or never fitting in, losses that may accompany aging or other life transitions, or the accumulated assaults of racism, sexism, homophobia or any other "ism". My goal as an EMDR-trained, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional is to work together with you to help you learn to live more fully in the present moment, free from the pain of the past.
(612) 800-0313 View (612) 800-0313
Photo of Juliana Keen, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Juliana Keen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
Are you scrolling, feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or having difficulty moving forward? Are your own life experiences, combined with the current state of the world, making it difficult to experience joy and find meaning? Perhaps panic has come up, making it difficult to focus. Despite these feelings, maybe you have a stubborn belief that life can be more vibrant. There is an openness to doing inner work in order to live a more authentic life that is more connected with others.
Are you scrolling, feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or having difficulty moving forward? Are your own life experiences, combined with the current state of the world, making it difficult to experience joy and find meaning? Perhaps panic has come up, making it difficult to focus. Despite these feelings, maybe you have a stubborn belief that life can be more vibrant. There is an openness to doing inner work in order to live a more authentic life that is more connected with others.
(612) 405-0622 View (612) 405-0622
Photo of Good Human Work - Good Human Work
Good Human Work
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
At Good Human Work, we believe that making the choice to engage in therapy is not a sign of weakness. We’d argue that choosing to directly deal with stressors is actually a sign of incredible strength. We also believe that therapy is for everyone. Life is crazy, and we’re not pre-programmed with all the answers. It’s normal to feel overwhelmed and unclear on how to make things better.
At Good Human Work, we believe that making the choice to engage in therapy is not a sign of weakness. We’d argue that choosing to directly deal with stressors is actually a sign of incredible strength. We also believe that therapy is for everyone. Life is crazy, and we’re not pre-programmed with all the answers. It’s normal to feel overwhelmed and unclear on how to make things better.
(612) 324-0401 View (612) 324-0401
Photo of Allie Devney, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Allie Devney
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55413
I specialize in working with couples, families, and individuals (adolescents and adults). Utilizing a collaborative, eclectic approach, I bring warmth, humor, and curiosity to the therapeutic relationship.
I specialize in working with couples, families, and individuals (adolescents and adults). Utilizing a collaborative, eclectic approach, I bring warmth, humor, and curiosity to the therapeutic relationship.
(612) 509-5477 View (612) 509-5477
Photo of Daniel Mrotek, LPCC, Counselor
Daniel Mrotek
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55410
I am a passionate, knowledgeable, and resilient licensed mental health professional who has worked with diverse client populations in clinical, supervisory, and managerial roles for over 15 years in the following settings: nonprofit community mental health clinics; an eating disorder clinic; a mood, anxiety, and self-injury clinic; Ecopsychology focused programming; a HIV/AIDS advocacy agency; mental health crisis/suicide phone lines and text lines; mobile crisis outreach teams; IRTS and crisis residential; and K-12 Day Treatment.
I am a passionate, knowledgeable, and resilient licensed mental health professional who has worked with diverse client populations in clinical, supervisory, and managerial roles for over 15 years in the following settings: nonprofit community mental health clinics; an eating disorder clinic; a mood, anxiety, and self-injury clinic; Ecopsychology focused programming; a HIV/AIDS advocacy agency; mental health crisis/suicide phone lines and text lines; mobile crisis outreach teams; IRTS and crisis residential; and K-12 Day Treatment.
(612) 400-9685 View (612) 400-9685
Photo of Trevor Thompson, Pre-Licensed Professional
Trevor Thompson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55409
I seek to understand my clients’ past, present, and future to collaborate with them on finding answers to questions and solutions to problems. My practice is rooted in mindfulness, unconditional acceptance, and intellectual curiosity. I believe that in order for positive change to occur in therapy (and most relationships), an individual must feel wholly seen, understood, and accepted by the other.
I seek to understand my clients’ past, present, and future to collaborate with them on finding answers to questions and solutions to problems. My practice is rooted in mindfulness, unconditional acceptance, and intellectual curiosity. I believe that in order for positive change to occur in therapy (and most relationships), an individual must feel wholly seen, understood, and accepted by the other.
(612) 482-8913 View (612) 482-8913
Photo of Autumn McDonald, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Autumn McDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55407  (Online Only)
I am a queer, fat, cis-gender woman. I'm a divorced single mom, a therapist, a social worker, a community organizer, a birth and postpartum doula, an activist, a friend, and a member of many different kinds of families. All these identities, roles, life experiences have woven together to shape the unique perspective and philosophy that guides me. I am committed to the goal of liberation, individually and collectively. I am committed to finding ways to live life as our liberated authentic selves in a world that tries to shatter our identities, question our experiences, values and dreams.
I am a queer, fat, cis-gender woman. I'm a divorced single mom, a therapist, a social worker, a community organizer, a birth and postpartum doula, an activist, a friend, and a member of many different kinds of families. All these identities, roles, life experiences have woven together to shape the unique perspective and philosophy that guides me. I am committed to the goal of liberation, individually and collectively. I am committed to finding ways to live life as our liberated authentic selves in a world that tries to shatter our identities, question our experiences, values and dreams.
(612) 429-3748 View (612) 429-3748
Photo of Kate Herrington, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Herrington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55417
In my practice I bring compassion, humor, insight, and a sincere dedication to my clients. My practice is grounded in attachment theory, play therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), exposure and response prevention (E/RP), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). With my warm and welcoming nature, I strive to create a safe space for children, teens and adults to explore their concerns. In collaboration with you, I will support you in taking steps toward an improved sense of well-being and a life path that aligns with your deepest values. I work with individuals of all ages, families, and provide parent coaching.
In my practice I bring compassion, humor, insight, and a sincere dedication to my clients. My practice is grounded in attachment theory, play therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), exposure and response prevention (E/RP), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). With my warm and welcoming nature, I strive to create a safe space for children, teens and adults to explore their concerns. In collaboration with you, I will support you in taking steps toward an improved sense of well-being and a life path that aligns with your deepest values. I work with individuals of all ages, families, and provide parent coaching.
(952) 260-7797 View (952) 260-7797
Photo of Carrie Sword - Dr. Carrie Sword, Jungian Psychotherapist, PhD, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Dr. Carrie Sword, Jungian Psychotherapist
Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55418
If you want to move beyond depression or anxiety and also live from your depths, the therapy I offer may be a match for you. I provide Jungian psychotherapy, psychodynamic therapy, and dream therapy. A great advantage of this approach is that it's interesting. I can help you understand what's happening in your unconscious mind. Once you have this deeper insight, you can better understand both your potential, and the barriers that keep you stuck.
If you want to move beyond depression or anxiety and also live from your depths, the therapy I offer may be a match for you. I provide Jungian psychotherapy, psychodynamic therapy, and dream therapy. A great advantage of this approach is that it's interesting. I can help you understand what's happening in your unconscious mind. Once you have this deeper insight, you can better understand both your potential, and the barriers that keep you stuck.
(612) 800-0203 View (612) 800-0203
Photo of John Healy, PhD, LP, Psychologist
John Healy
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55409
I use warmth and humor to work collaboratively with you toward living your best life. My style is interactive, engaging, and direct. I use a psychodynamically informed approach, which means the treatment focuses both on current symptoms & problems, as well as underlying root causes. I listen carefully and compassionately, giving thoughtful, helpful feedback and professional insight, helping individuals make necessary positive changes in relationships, self-concept & choices. I have provided psychotherapy since 1995, and bring seasoned experience & understanding to my work.
I use warmth and humor to work collaboratively with you toward living your best life. My style is interactive, engaging, and direct. I use a psychodynamically informed approach, which means the treatment focuses both on current symptoms & problems, as well as underlying root causes. I listen carefully and compassionately, giving thoughtful, helpful feedback and professional insight, helping individuals make necessary positive changes in relationships, self-concept & choices. I have provided psychotherapy since 1995, and bring seasoned experience & understanding to my work.
(651) 301-8559 View (651) 301-8559
Photo of Margaret Anne Nimocks, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Margaret Anne Nimocks
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55413  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi there! The last few years have been quite something, huh? I imagine you are looking for a therapist as you want to feel better and find some relief in your day to day life. Step by step, we can do some healing, create clarity, explore parts of you and your identities, build a more stable foundation, and identify your values you want to live your life by. I am a justice-oriented, & trauma-informed therapist in her late 30s who is a half-time therapist, half-time creative, and full-time human. I believe all humans deserve access to mental health care and I utilize a financial justice sliding scale at my practice.
Hi there! The last few years have been quite something, huh? I imagine you are looking for a therapist as you want to feel better and find some relief in your day to day life. Step by step, we can do some healing, create clarity, explore parts of you and your identities, build a more stable foundation, and identify your values you want to live your life by. I am a justice-oriented, & trauma-informed therapist in her late 30s who is a half-time therapist, half-time creative, and full-time human. I believe all humans deserve access to mental health care and I utilize a financial justice sliding scale at my practice.
(651) 867-2957 View (651) 867-2957
Photo of Ada Smith, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ada Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
“Just because the pain is comfortable doesn’t mean you have to wear it.” -Blake Auden- Change can be scary, even when staying the same feels just as unbearable. Reaching out for therapy, whether you are in a moment of crisis, anticipating upcoming life transitions, or have been waiting for the right time to sift through your past to better understand your present, can be terrifying. I'm here to sit in the thick of it with you and create a safer, contained space for you to discover who you are now, what you want, and what your future holds in your own time.
“Just because the pain is comfortable doesn’t mean you have to wear it.” -Blake Auden- Change can be scary, even when staying the same feels just as unbearable. Reaching out for therapy, whether you are in a moment of crisis, anticipating upcoming life transitions, or have been waiting for the right time to sift through your past to better understand your present, can be terrifying. I'm here to sit in the thick of it with you and create a safer, contained space for you to discover who you are now, what you want, and what your future holds in your own time.
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Photo of Mariah Hutchinson, MAAT, LPCC, ATR, Counselor
Mariah Hutchinson
Counselor, MAAT, LPCC, ATR
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Therapy is a creative, collaborative relationship. As an artist and therapist passionate about process, I am here to help you uncover and cultivate the life you want to live. I am not here to fix you; you are not broken. We will work together to find new ways for you to be in relationship with the problems and the joys in your life. If you are ready to step into a curious, process-oriented journey, then I am here to offer a safe, supportive space to do just that. Let’s get curious about how to create more room for pleasure, joy, and connection as well as for the uncomfortable, tender parts of your life.
Therapy is a creative, collaborative relationship. As an artist and therapist passionate about process, I am here to help you uncover and cultivate the life you want to live. I am not here to fix you; you are not broken. We will work together to find new ways for you to be in relationship with the problems and the joys in your life. If you are ready to step into a curious, process-oriented journey, then I am here to offer a safe, supportive space to do just that. Let’s get curious about how to create more room for pleasure, joy, and connection as well as for the uncomfortable, tender parts of your life.
(612) 979-2468 View (612) 979-2468
Photo of Jessica Bruehling Cleberg, LPCC, Counselor
Jessica Bruehling Cleberg
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55405  (Online Only)
I offer a safe space to explore, express, and overcome obstacles while guiding you to live authentically and focus on your priorities. Through eclectic, person-centered approaches I can help you build trust and patience with yourself, others, and the world we live in. I offer both traditional talk therapy and Art Therapy. I have specialized experience with people who have emotional and cognitive struggles, autism, and those dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, or serious and persistent mental illnesses.
I offer a safe space to explore, express, and overcome obstacles while guiding you to live authentically and focus on your priorities. Through eclectic, person-centered approaches I can help you build trust and patience with yourself, others, and the world we live in. I offer both traditional talk therapy and Art Therapy. I have specialized experience with people who have emotional and cognitive struggles, autism, and those dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, or serious and persistent mental illnesses.
(800) 336-5973 x724 View (800) 336-5973 x724
Photo of Shoshana Spergel Rappaport, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shoshana Spergel Rappaport
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416  (Online Only)
I believe therapy to be a creative and dynamic process, one that explores and honors your inherent wisdom, expertise and intuition about life. My part in your journey is to support, encourage and sometimes gently challenge you to see clearly the truth about your history and its relationship to your current struggles. I strive to be attuned to issues of injustice including those related to: class, race, gender, sexual orientation and religious oppression. This endeavor called therapy is best served when we knit it together with mystery, stories, poetry and laughter.
I believe therapy to be a creative and dynamic process, one that explores and honors your inherent wisdom, expertise and intuition about life. My part in your journey is to support, encourage and sometimes gently challenge you to see clearly the truth about your history and its relationship to your current struggles. I strive to be attuned to issues of injustice including those related to: class, race, gender, sexual orientation and religious oppression. This endeavor called therapy is best served when we knit it together with mystery, stories, poetry and laughter.
(503) 407-9256 View (503) 407-9256
Photo of Jackie Morrison, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jackie Morrison
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55418
I have experience working with individuals and couples identifying as LGBTQ+ as well as heterosexual, cisgender in the areas of ADHD, anxiety, identity, trauma, parenting, phase of life changes, ENM, communication, and conflict management; among others. As an ADHD brain myself, I have a special interest in working with individuals or couples to address the personal and/or relational challenges of ADHD; we will deconstruct shame and self-worth stemming from ADHD, address communication difficulties, and increase overall understanding of how ADHD impacts all aspects of our lives.
I have experience working with individuals and couples identifying as LGBTQ+ as well as heterosexual, cisgender in the areas of ADHD, anxiety, identity, trauma, parenting, phase of life changes, ENM, communication, and conflict management; among others. As an ADHD brain myself, I have a special interest in working with individuals or couples to address the personal and/or relational challenges of ADHD; we will deconstruct shame and self-worth stemming from ADHD, address communication difficulties, and increase overall understanding of how ADHD impacts all aspects of our lives.
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Photo of Laura Burkhardt, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Burkhardt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Hello! We all experience times of difficulty and shifts in our lives. I focus on building compassion for self and others to help individuals and families work through stress, increase confidence and build support systems in their lives. I work with those who are experiencing trauma, posttraumatic stress, depression, ADHD, anxiety, identity development, life transitions, divorce and co-parenting stress. I enjoy working across the age spectrum including children 7 and under and adolescents (ages 12+) through adulthood.
Hello! We all experience times of difficulty and shifts in our lives. I focus on building compassion for self and others to help individuals and families work through stress, increase confidence and build support systems in their lives. I work with those who are experiencing trauma, posttraumatic stress, depression, ADHD, anxiety, identity development, life transitions, divorce and co-parenting stress. I enjoy working across the age spectrum including children 7 and under and adolescents (ages 12+) through adulthood.
(651) 888-8430 View (651) 888-8430
Photo of Lisa Kleingarn, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Kleingarn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55407
You may be in a difficult place right now, struggling in a relationship with your partner or another family member, or wrestling with personal challenges. You are taking a step forward by finding a therapist who can help you navigate through it. I create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where, together, we can explore your challenges and hopes and collaborate to work through them. My style is warm, compassionate, curious and direct. I am invested in your healing. Ofrezco mis services en español.
You may be in a difficult place right now, struggling in a relationship with your partner or another family member, or wrestling with personal challenges. You are taking a step forward by finding a therapist who can help you navigate through it. I create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where, together, we can explore your challenges and hopes and collaborate to work through them. My style is warm, compassionate, curious and direct. I am invested in your healing. Ofrezco mis services en español.
(612) 400-7856 View (612) 400-7856
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$171

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Aetna
69% UCare

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
20% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.