Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Dr. Brant Anderson, PhD, JD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dr. Brant Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, JD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
I am a clinical psychologist with expertise in treating a variety of life difficulties, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sexual issues, and career issues. I work well with a variety of clients, from adolescents, adults, parents to executives. I am compassionate, easy to talk to, and real. Whether you are experiencing chronic feelings of anxiety, unhappiness, or procrastinating and feeling stuck in your career, I can help get your life back on track and reach your full potential. My clients often see a reduction in symptoms and improvement early on in treatment.
I am a clinical psychologist with expertise in treating a variety of life difficulties, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sexual issues, and career issues. I work well with a variety of clients, from adolescents, adults, parents to executives. I am compassionate, easy to talk to, and real. Whether you are experiencing chronic feelings of anxiety, unhappiness, or procrastinating and feeling stuck in your career, I can help get your life back on track and reach your full potential. My clients often see a reduction in symptoms and improvement early on in treatment.
(646) 791-3508 View (646) 791-3508
Photo of Sara Kotzin, LCSW, DSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Kotzin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
Life happens and challenges come up. Maybe it's old stuff; issues from childhood that are having an impact now or a traumatic event that has not healed. Maybe it's brand new; grieving the loss of a relationship or struggling as a new mother. Maybe there is a feeling of being stuck and needing guidance and support to find a new way. My approach blends traditional psychotherapy with Somatic Experiencing and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), to resolve current stress, release long-standing emotional and behavioral patterns and develop tools to use outside of therapy.
Life happens and challenges come up. Maybe it's old stuff; issues from childhood that are having an impact now or a traumatic event that has not healed. Maybe it's brand new; grieving the loss of a relationship or struggling as a new mother. Maybe there is a feeling of being stuck and needing guidance and support to find a new way. My approach blends traditional psychotherapy with Somatic Experiencing and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), to resolve current stress, release long-standing emotional and behavioral patterns and develop tools to use outside of therapy.
(646) 553-4032 View (646) 553-4032
Photo of Tomas Casado-Frankel, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tomas Casado-Frankel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
Understanding where your difficulties are coming from, can help dissipate the problems of living and help you grow. My training is in individual, couples and family therapy, and I have over ten years of advanced postgraduate training, which includes four years of in-depth training in clinical theory and practice. I am also an experienced child and adolescent psychotherapist, and have published material in the field.
Understanding where your difficulties are coming from, can help dissipate the problems of living and help you grow. My training is in individual, couples and family therapy, and I have over ten years of advanced postgraduate training, which includes four years of in-depth training in clinical theory and practice. I am also an experienced child and adolescent psychotherapist, and have published material in the field.
(646) 713-2760 View (646) 713-2760
Valerie Ziel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10035
My name is Valerie Ziel; I am a licensed clinical social worker. My approach to psychotherapy is eclectic, adapting to the unique needs of each patient. I have provided psychotherapy services to a diverse population who present with anxiety, depression, body dysmorphia, codependency, relationship, work, and life transition challenges, as well as childhood abuse and women's issues. I work with adult clients who present with anxiety, depression, body dysmorphia, codependency, relationship, work, and life transition challenges, as well as childhood abuse and women's issues.
My name is Valerie Ziel; I am a licensed clinical social worker. My approach to psychotherapy is eclectic, adapting to the unique needs of each patient. I have provided psychotherapy services to a diverse population who present with anxiety, depression, body dysmorphia, codependency, relationship, work, and life transition challenges, as well as childhood abuse and women's issues. I work with adult clients who present with anxiety, depression, body dysmorphia, codependency, relationship, work, and life transition challenges, as well as childhood abuse and women's issues.
(929) 463-9663 View (929) 463-9663
Photo of Maxine Gann, PhD, Psychologist
Maxine Gann
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
Not accepting new clients
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst in private practice for nearly 30 years. I graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a Ph.D. in clinical and developmental psychology and from the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute. There are times when life can be a struggle, whether in your personal relationships, achievements at work, or life transitions. You may feel depressed, suffer from panic, or experience anxiety. My years of experience and post-graduate education make it possible for me to work successfully with people in need.
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst in private practice for nearly 30 years. I graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a Ph.D. in clinical and developmental psychology and from the New York Psychoanalytic Society & Institute. There are times when life can be a struggle, whether in your personal relationships, achievements at work, or life transitions. You may feel depressed, suffer from panic, or experience anxiety. My years of experience and post-graduate education make it possible for me to work successfully with people in need.
(646) 941-8044 View (646) 941-8044
Photo of Carolyn Clement, PhD, Psychologist
Carolyn Clement
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, practicing in New York City for over 40 years. I offer individual psychotherapy to adults and adolescents, as well as couples and family therapy. We may address a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, loss, life crises, problems in intimate relationships and troubling patterns of behavior. Inevitably the work expands to include an exploration of beliefs and self-protective ways of being that are no longer needed and get in the way of a whole-hearted appreciation of one's unique strengths, one's entitlement to make active choices and to pursue one's most authentic goals.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, practicing in New York City for over 40 years. I offer individual psychotherapy to adults and adolescents, as well as couples and family therapy. We may address a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, loss, life crises, problems in intimate relationships and troubling patterns of behavior. Inevitably the work expands to include an exploration of beliefs and self-protective ways of being that are no longer needed and get in the way of a whole-hearted appreciation of one's unique strengths, one's entitlement to make active choices and to pursue one's most authentic goals.
(646) 553-4187 View (646) 553-4187
Photo of Alex Popelsky, LMSW
Alex Popelsky
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
I provide a safe space for you to explore patterns and narratives that are holding you back from living a life in which you feel valued, worthy, and aligned with your authentic self. Whether you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or trauma, having trouble connecting or communicating in relationships, or struggling to manage stress or change, therapy can help you better understand yourself and meet your own needs. I work with children, teens and adults and believe in the importance of treating the holistic self to improve wellness.
I provide a safe space for you to explore patterns and narratives that are holding you back from living a life in which you feel valued, worthy, and aligned with your authentic self. Whether you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, or trauma, having trouble connecting or communicating in relationships, or struggling to manage stress or change, therapy can help you better understand yourself and meet your own needs. I work with children, teens and adults and believe in the importance of treating the holistic self to improve wellness.
(646) 760-1430 View (646) 760-1430
Photo of Rosie Lanziero, LMHC, DMT
Rosie Lanziero
LMHC, DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10012
Informed by my thirty year background in performing arts, education, bodywork and nutrition, I combine the best of traditional and alternative treatments to restore your mental, physical and emotional wellbeing. I have extensive experience with adolescents and adults and provide an affirming, nonjudgmental space grounded in trust, compassion, safety and curiosity.
Informed by my thirty year background in performing arts, education, bodywork and nutrition, I combine the best of traditional and alternative treatments to restore your mental, physical and emotional wellbeing. I have extensive experience with adolescents and adults and provide an affirming, nonjudgmental space grounded in trust, compassion, safety and curiosity.
(347) 905-5978 View (347) 905-5978
Photo of Lillian Rishty, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lillian Rishty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
With the proper support and guidance, therapy helps you cultivate your strengths, regain control, learn ways to overcome challenges, enrich your life, and take steps toward a more fulfilling future. I can help you identify patterns in your life so that you can develop a clearer understanding of your life experiences and create more positive relationships and productive behavior change. I take an active and empathetic approach to psychotherapy by establishing mutually agreed upon therapeutic goals with my clients and providing a comfortable space to explore, discuss, and be heard.
With the proper support and guidance, therapy helps you cultivate your strengths, regain control, learn ways to overcome challenges, enrich your life, and take steps toward a more fulfilling future. I can help you identify patterns in your life so that you can develop a clearer understanding of your life experiences and create more positive relationships and productive behavior change. I take an active and empathetic approach to psychotherapy by establishing mutually agreed upon therapeutic goals with my clients and providing a comfortable space to explore, discuss, and be heard.
(646) 362-9410 View (646) 362-9410
Photo of Amy Vigliotti - Amy Vigliotti, SelfWorks, PhD, Psychologist
Amy Vigliotti, SelfWorks
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Are you facing a challenge that feels insurmountable, worried about current events, or currently feeling stuck? Our SelfWorks team has helped many people thrive after extraordinary challenges by using evidence-based & effective approaches such as mindfulness, trauma-focused CBT and insight-oriented psychodynamic treatments. Unlike other relationships, the therapeutic one is there just for you; you are free to talk about whatever is on your mind without having to protect the other from your pain, your emotions, or your fears. Therapy is not advice giving; it is something much harder to put into words, yet is deeply felt.
Are you facing a challenge that feels insurmountable, worried about current events, or currently feeling stuck? Our SelfWorks team has helped many people thrive after extraordinary challenges by using evidence-based & effective approaches such as mindfulness, trauma-focused CBT and insight-oriented psychodynamic treatments. Unlike other relationships, the therapeutic one is there just for you; you are free to talk about whatever is on your mind without having to protect the other from your pain, your emotions, or your fears. Therapy is not advice giving; it is something much harder to put into words, yet is deeply felt.
(917) 909-6182 View (917) 909-6182
Photo of Grace Slifkin, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grace Slifkin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10065
Grace works with clients to translate her deep expertise into tangible tools for a life with less worry and more presence, confidence, and connection. She has received exceptional training in CBT, DBT, ERP, ACT, and SPACE at leading hospitals and private practices. She specializes in supporting pre-teens, teens, and adults facing anxiety disorders such as OCD, panic, social anxiety, ARFID, emetophobia, body dysmorphia, perfectionism, and anxiety related to chronic illness and gastrointestinal issues. Grace also works with caregivers of children with behavioral issues, OCD, and anxiety using evidence-based parenting interventions.
Grace works with clients to translate her deep expertise into tangible tools for a life with less worry and more presence, confidence, and connection. She has received exceptional training in CBT, DBT, ERP, ACT, and SPACE at leading hospitals and private practices. She specializes in supporting pre-teens, teens, and adults facing anxiety disorders such as OCD, panic, social anxiety, ARFID, emetophobia, body dysmorphia, perfectionism, and anxiety related to chronic illness and gastrointestinal issues. Grace also works with caregivers of children with behavioral issues, OCD, and anxiety using evidence-based parenting interventions.
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Photo of Shelly Ostro, PhD, LP, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Shelly Ostro
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
I am a NYS licensed Psychoanalyst and I am Licensed as a Clinical Psychologist in Israel. I have 17 years of experience working with individuals and couples from diverse cultures and backgrounds. I invite you to explore the difficulties with which you are struggling, in an accepting, non judgmental and playful environment. Together, we will learn about unconscious and unprocessed aspects of your sense of self and about narratives you carry with you that affect your life choices and that shape your everyday experiences with people and alone and will work together to modify it in a way that will allow you higher degrees of freedom.
I am a NYS licensed Psychoanalyst and I am Licensed as a Clinical Psychologist in Israel. I have 17 years of experience working with individuals and couples from diverse cultures and backgrounds. I invite you to explore the difficulties with which you are struggling, in an accepting, non judgmental and playful environment. Together, we will learn about unconscious and unprocessed aspects of your sense of self and about narratives you carry with you that affect your life choices and that shape your everyday experiences with people and alone and will work together to modify it in a way that will allow you higher degrees of freedom.
(347) 868-6750 View (347) 868-6750
Photo of Jason Duncan, PhD, Psychologist
Jason Duncan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10280
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
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Photo of Chris Felix, MHC-LP, MA
Chris Felix
MHC-LP, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I possess extensive experience in the field of therapy, having provided counseling services to individuals, couples, and families. My clinical training includes valuable experience gained from providing counseling to incarcerated youth within New York City detention centers, and additional training acquired through my tenure at a reputable private practice in New York City. I demonstrate a notable aptitude for working with youth and young adults navigating transitional phases in life while grappling with significant systemic challenges.I dedicate myself to assisting individuals in overcoming these adversities.
I possess extensive experience in the field of therapy, having provided counseling services to individuals, couples, and families. My clinical training includes valuable experience gained from providing counseling to incarcerated youth within New York City detention centers, and additional training acquired through my tenure at a reputable private practice in New York City. I demonstrate a notable aptitude for working with youth and young adults navigating transitional phases in life while grappling with significant systemic challenges.I dedicate myself to assisting individuals in overcoming these adversities.
(929) 538-3425 View (929) 538-3425
Lucia Kellar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I work with adults of all ages dealing with a range of difficulties ranging from adjustment disorders, depression and anxiety, to the effects of trauma. I have found that bringing body awareness into the psychotherapeutic process deepens the work and moves it along. Helping clients develop resilience and emotional regulation runs through all of my work.
I work with adults of all ages dealing with a range of difficulties ranging from adjustment disorders, depression and anxiety, to the effects of trauma. I have found that bringing body awareness into the psychotherapeutic process deepens the work and moves it along. Helping clients develop resilience and emotional regulation runs through all of my work.
(332) 529-2345 View (332) 529-2345
Photo of Sade Arzu - Sade Arzu Consulting & Practice, LMHC, MA, Counselor
Sade Arzu Consulting & Practice
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
As a true believer in human strength, many of us spend our lives searching for what is already there. A fuller and meaningful life is lived when we have discovered our inner strength. I am trained to help you find your inner strength so you can live a healthier and more meaningful life. My practice is rooted on a psychodynamic approach--assisting the client in gaining a perspective of pure insight in order to recognize the character, traits, actions, responses, and behaviors that will be transformed.
As a true believer in human strength, many of us spend our lives searching for what is already there. A fuller and meaningful life is lived when we have discovered our inner strength. I am trained to help you find your inner strength so you can live a healthier and more meaningful life. My practice is rooted on a psychodynamic approach--assisting the client in gaining a perspective of pure insight in order to recognize the character, traits, actions, responses, and behaviors that will be transformed.
(347) 321-4167 View (347) 321-4167
Photo of Avery Ryan, JD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Avery Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with adults of all ages dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship stresses, feeling "stuck," identity issues, sexuality, major life-transitions, negative patterns, and grief/loss. I also draw on my corporate/legal background to help with job/career stresses and goals -- executives and professionals find my prior experience as an attorney to be quite helpful. I bring a spirit of creativity to our work, and encourage curiosity and humor whenever possible.
I work with adults of all ages dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship stresses, feeling "stuck," identity issues, sexuality, major life-transitions, negative patterns, and grief/loss. I also draw on my corporate/legal background to help with job/career stresses and goals -- executives and professionals find my prior experience as an attorney to be quite helpful. I bring a spirit of creativity to our work, and encourage curiosity and humor whenever possible.
(646) 904-4791 View (646) 904-4791
Photo of Jonah Glassman, LMSW
Jonah Glassman
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
It can be difficult to access the fulfillment we deserve when up against a world that does not understand or value us in our entireties. I believe that the space that you and I co-create can serve as a springboard for meaningful processing of this difficulty and—ultimately—the rich, self-determined life you want to live. While centering your experiences, even those that are most challenging, I bring unconditional openness, warmth, and humor.
It can be difficult to access the fulfillment we deserve when up against a world that does not understand or value us in our entireties. I believe that the space that you and I co-create can serve as a springboard for meaningful processing of this difficulty and—ultimately—the rich, self-determined life you want to live. While centering your experiences, even those that are most challenging, I bring unconditional openness, warmth, and humor.
(347) 835-4490 View (347) 835-4490
Photo of Charlene Chan, LCSWR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Charlene Chan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Are you struggling in your relationship with family, a partner, or friends? Are you noticing low self-esteem or self-confidence? Or are you, as a couple, finding yourselves in the same pattern of arguments, looking for relief? When faced with these challenges, some of the healing power comes from being able to voice it in a safe space with the support and compassion of a therapist. I'll work with you to explore what you're going through in a warm, non-judgmental way. Some of our work together will involve exploring your past experiences - perhaps with a harsh or critical parent, or the absence of emotional support you needed.
Are you struggling in your relationship with family, a partner, or friends? Are you noticing low self-esteem or self-confidence? Or are you, as a couple, finding yourselves in the same pattern of arguments, looking for relief? When faced with these challenges, some of the healing power comes from being able to voice it in a safe space with the support and compassion of a therapist. I'll work with you to explore what you're going through in a warm, non-judgmental way. Some of our work together will involve exploring your past experiences - perhaps with a harsh or critical parent, or the absence of emotional support you needed.
(347) 836-5784 View (347) 836-5784
Photo of Jenna Zucchi, PsyD, Psychologist
Jenna Zucchi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
I am a clinical psychologist who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mood, anxiety and behavioral disorders in youth and young adults. I have extensive training and use research to provide expert treatment based on your specific needs. I work directly with you and your family to create a strong sense of calm and connection. I can help to regain a sense of normalcy and support you with developing ways to strengthen relationships, manage behaviors, and improve mood. My goal is to allow you and your family to feel supported and valued to promote a trusting relationship that can facilitate change towards the goals you want.
I am a clinical psychologist who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mood, anxiety and behavioral disorders in youth and young adults. I have extensive training and use research to provide expert treatment based on your specific needs. I work directly with you and your family to create a strong sense of calm and connection. I can help to regain a sense of normalcy and support you with developing ways to strengthen relationships, manage behaviors, and improve mood. My goal is to allow you and your family to feel supported and valued to promote a trusting relationship that can facilitate change towards the goals you want.
(646) 760-8502 View (646) 760-8502
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.