Therapists in Carlisle, PA

Photo of Jennie Sheffe, MA, NCC®, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jennie Sheffe
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC®
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17015
Anxiety does not allow your brain to have an "off" button. You are always on edge, feeling tense, alert, exhausted, even when you try to relax. You are always waiting for the other shoe to drop, and find yourself nagged by inner accusations that you are not enough. You wonder, “What is wrong with me?” "Why can't I calm down?" "How do other women do this?" You've lost yourself somewhere in your quest to measure up. What if I told you that you are not alone in this struggle? Feeling this way is optional, and there is a way to be more of who you want to be, to be more of yourself.
Anxiety does not allow your brain to have an "off" button. You are always on edge, feeling tense, alert, exhausted, even when you try to relax. You are always waiting for the other shoe to drop, and find yourself nagged by inner accusations that you are not enough. You wonder, “What is wrong with me?” "Why can't I calm down?" "How do other women do this?" You've lost yourself somewhere in your quest to measure up. What if I told you that you are not alone in this struggle? Feeling this way is optional, and there is a way to be more of who you want to be, to be more of yourself.
(717) 229-0537 View (717) 229-0537
Photo of Eric Bondy, LPC, MSEd, EdM, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eric Bondy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, EdM
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Many people experience feelings of anxiety about the future, struggle to find the motivation or energy to successfully face current problems, or feel misunderstood by others. Having support in the process of adjusting or changing your patterns of thinking and actions can help you fulfill your aspirations and enjoy greater happiness. I will help you work towards aligning your hopes and goals with productive and healthy ways of thinking and acting. My therapeutic approach allows you to identify and build upon your strengths while developing new skills and strategies that foster hope and help you face life challenges more effectively.
Many people experience feelings of anxiety about the future, struggle to find the motivation or energy to successfully face current problems, or feel misunderstood by others. Having support in the process of adjusting or changing your patterns of thinking and actions can help you fulfill your aspirations and enjoy greater happiness. I will help you work towards aligning your hopes and goals with productive and healthy ways of thinking and acting. My therapeutic approach allows you to identify and build upon your strengths while developing new skills and strategies that foster hope and help you face life challenges more effectively.
(717) 373-1376 View (717) 373-1376
Photo of Jason Rusman - Carlisle Men's Work LLC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carlisle Men's Work LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
We run weekly, in-person, groups in Carlisle where men can build lasting friendships and get support and accountability in making concrete changes and improving their lives and relationships. Groups are organized and facilitated by Jason Rusman, MS, LPC.
We run weekly, in-person, groups in Carlisle where men can build lasting friendships and get support and accountability in making concrete changes and improving their lives and relationships. Groups are organized and facilitated by Jason Rusman, MS, LPC.
(717) 502-2570 View (717) 502-2570
Photo of Bernadette Cachara - Cachara and Associates LLC, PsyD, Psychologist
Cachara and Associates LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Not accepting new clients
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
(717) 978-0129 View (717) 978-0129
Photo of Maria DeGaetano - One Eighty Counseling Services, LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
One Eighty Counseling Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Are you feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, alone, or confused? The life you envisioned for yourself did not look like this. You carry such shame and guilt even over the smallest things. You have been struggling with these thoughts and feelings for quite some time. You know deep down that you want to feel better but don’t know where to start.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, alone, or confused? The life you envisioned for yourself did not look like this. You carry such shame and guilt even over the smallest things. You have been struggling with these thoughts and feelings for quite some time. You know deep down that you want to feel better but don’t know where to start.
(223) 332-5123 View (223) 332-5123
Photo of Matthew Clugh, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Matthew Clugh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
Have you been feeling stressed, anxious about the future, or hopeless in life? These feelings can rob us of the joy and peace that we could be enjoying today. Life can be messy and at times seem unforgiving. You’re not alone in this. You may not be able to control what happens to you, but you can control how you face obstacles and how you overcome them. You may have difficulties in your relationships at home or the office. Perhaps you’ve lost a loved one, are concerned about your substance use, or simply feel like you’re struggling to make it through the day. If this describes you, it's time to take a step towards feeling better.
Have you been feeling stressed, anxious about the future, or hopeless in life? These feelings can rob us of the joy and peace that we could be enjoying today. Life can be messy and at times seem unforgiving. You’re not alone in this. You may not be able to control what happens to you, but you can control how you face obstacles and how you overcome them. You may have difficulties in your relationships at home or the office. Perhaps you’ve lost a loved one, are concerned about your substance use, or simply feel like you’re struggling to make it through the day. If this describes you, it's time to take a step towards feeling better.
(717) 373-1893 View (717) 373-1893
Photo of Carol Mills, PsyD, Psychologist
Carol Mills
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17015
WHEN YOU'RE READY, I CAN HELP. My goal is to provide quality therapeutic services for adults, couples and seniors. My therapeutic orientation is known as systematic eclecticism. This means that I tailor my approach to the individual client and to the particular problem which the client presents. I have a Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) degree in Clinical Psychology, which means that my education and training focused on understanding and treating psychological disorders.
WHEN YOU'RE READY, I CAN HELP. My goal is to provide quality therapeutic services for adults, couples and seniors. My therapeutic orientation is known as systematic eclecticism. This means that I tailor my approach to the individual client and to the particular problem which the client presents. I have a Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) degree in Clinical Psychology, which means that my education and training focused on understanding and treating psychological disorders.
(717) 685-4324 View (717) 685-4324
Photo of Kirsten Baehr, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kirsten Baehr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Hello! My name is Kirsten, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have worked in the fields of mental health and addiction since 2008, and have done everything from community-based care to inpatient; school-based to intensive. Along with my experience with addiction, I also do work in trauma, LGBTQIA+, anxiety management, and self-regulation from a recovery-focused model. I also have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults doing both group and individual therapy. I take a great deal of pride in helping others see their potential, as well as what they can achieve in their growth and healing journey.
Hello! My name is Kirsten, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have worked in the fields of mental health and addiction since 2008, and have done everything from community-based care to inpatient; school-based to intensive. Along with my experience with addiction, I also do work in trauma, LGBTQIA+, anxiety management, and self-regulation from a recovery-focused model. I also have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults doing both group and individual therapy. I take a great deal of pride in helping others see their potential, as well as what they can achieve in their growth and healing journey.
(717) 609-0668 View (717) 609-0668
Photo of Amy Westcott, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Westcott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
My foremost goal is to provide an open, supportive, and safe environment in which you feel comfortable to share your life experiences. I incorporate art therapy techniques to foster emotional expression and explore your experiences through a different lens. I also utilize CBT techniques, humanistic theory, and attachment theory. I currently work with children, teens, and adults, with a focus on mood disorders, anxiety disorders, stress, and low self-esteem.
My foremost goal is to provide an open, supportive, and safe environment in which you feel comfortable to share your life experiences. I incorporate art therapy techniques to foster emotional expression and explore your experiences through a different lens. I also utilize CBT techniques, humanistic theory, and attachment theory. I currently work with children, teens, and adults, with a focus on mood disorders, anxiety disorders, stress, and low self-esteem.
(717) 258-0214 View (717) 258-0214
Photo of Crystal Oakman (Formerly Rice), MSW, LGSW, Author, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Crystal Oakman (Formerly Rice)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW, Author
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
I utilize a whole-person approach to emotional and mental wellness. My one-of-a-kind strategy blends therapeutic techniques from human services with a focused, consultative approach. This unique fusion allows me to offer a service that goes beyond traditional therapy and where others may have been unsuccessful, providing you with support unlike anything else. Our sacred space a collaborative endeavor. This work is non-linear, resembling a tapestry where progress may unfold in unexpected ways. Your success is not just a destination; it's a testament to the real work we will do together.
I utilize a whole-person approach to emotional and mental wellness. My one-of-a-kind strategy blends therapeutic techniques from human services with a focused, consultative approach. This unique fusion allows me to offer a service that goes beyond traditional therapy and where others may have been unsuccessful, providing you with support unlike anything else. Our sacred space a collaborative endeavor. This work is non-linear, resembling a tapestry where progress may unfold in unexpected ways. Your success is not just a destination; it's a testament to the real work we will do together.
(301) 539-9256 View (301) 539-9256
Photo of Ashten Carrin Trimble, MFT, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashten Carrin Trimble
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFT, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
I believe that trauma affects all parts of our being- mental, emotional, physical and spiritual. Therefore, the healing process also needs to involve all parts of our being. Attachment wounds, abusive relationships with themselves and others, specific traumatic events, losses that need grieving, generational trauma and high conflict functioning in families affect how we view ourselves and interact with the world. Gabor Mate said it best, “ We may not be responsible for the world that created our minds, but we can take responsibility for the mind with which we create our world.” Look below for the current groups I am offering!
I believe that trauma affects all parts of our being- mental, emotional, physical and spiritual. Therefore, the healing process also needs to involve all parts of our being. Attachment wounds, abusive relationships with themselves and others, specific traumatic events, losses that need grieving, generational trauma and high conflict functioning in families affect how we view ourselves and interact with the world. Gabor Mate said it best, “ We may not be responsible for the world that created our minds, but we can take responsibility for the mind with which we create our world.” Look below for the current groups I am offering!
(717) 484-9057 View (717) 484-9057
Photo of Sheryl Johnson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheryl Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17015
Accepting New Clients! No one told us that being an adult is so hard. There are so many ups and downs, responsibilities, bills to pay and people counting us. Work stress, personal stress, it can be tough just getting through the day. Do you have problems with depression, anxiety or past traumas that just make life harder. Sometimes we get so caught up in day-to-day life that we forget to stop and take care of ourselves. Maybe it’s time to stop and re-assess your situation, and start working on making some positive changes in your life. Asking for help is the first step.
Accepting New Clients! No one told us that being an adult is so hard. There are so many ups and downs, responsibilities, bills to pay and people counting us. Work stress, personal stress, it can be tough just getting through the day. Do you have problems with depression, anxiety or past traumas that just make life harder. Sometimes we get so caught up in day-to-day life that we forget to stop and take care of ourselves. Maybe it’s time to stop and re-assess your situation, and start working on making some positive changes in your life. Asking for help is the first step.
(223) 204-9472 View (223) 204-9472
Photo of Liz Campbell - Campbell Psychological Services, Psychologist
Campbell Psychological Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
As a parent, it can be painful to see your child unhappy, worried, or struggling, especially when you aren't sure how to make things better. While our experienced therapists don’t have magic wands, we do have the training, tools, and experience to help you find your way. We have offices in Carlisle and Chambersburg. Online therapy is available for individuals in Pennsylvania.
As a parent, it can be painful to see your child unhappy, worried, or struggling, especially when you aren't sure how to make things better. While our experienced therapists don’t have magic wands, we do have the training, tools, and experience to help you find your way. We have offices in Carlisle and Chambersburg. Online therapy is available for individuals in Pennsylvania.
(717) 422-6440 View (717) 422-6440
Photo of David R Mohr, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David R Mohr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
My goal as a counselor is to create a supportive environment in which the clients can explore their emotional needs and overcome barriers that limit their full potential. I take an open-minded approach to client wellness and consider the client's work life, family traditions, cultural and spiritual beliefs, and sexual identity. I offer counseling sessions for individuals, couples, and families in the following areas; Depression and Sadness, Codependency, Anger Management, Anxiety and Stress Communication issues, Arguments, Trust issues, Loneliness, Emotional intimacy, and Self-esteem issues
My goal as a counselor is to create a supportive environment in which the clients can explore their emotional needs and overcome barriers that limit their full potential. I take an open-minded approach to client wellness and consider the client's work life, family traditions, cultural and spiritual beliefs, and sexual identity. I offer counseling sessions for individuals, couples, and families in the following areas; Depression and Sadness, Codependency, Anger Management, Anxiety and Stress Communication issues, Arguments, Trust issues, Loneliness, Emotional intimacy, and Self-esteem issues
(717) 563-0970 View (717) 563-0970
Photo of Kirsten Baehr, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kirsten Baehr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
I have had the opportunity to practice in both rural and urban settings doing both community and agency work. Initially, I began working in the field of addiction and trauma. I have also worked with clients in their journey relating to intimate partner violence, mood disorders, anxiety management, and personality disorders. I am a firm believer in finding ways to use community as a source of healing and support, through advocacy, connection, and support.
I have had the opportunity to practice in both rural and urban settings doing both community and agency work. Initially, I began working in the field of addiction and trauma. I have also worked with clients in their journey relating to intimate partner violence, mood disorders, anxiety management, and personality disorders. I am a firm believer in finding ways to use community as a source of healing and support, through advocacy, connection, and support.
(717) 897-5119 View (717) 897-5119
Photo of Ines Roe, PhD, LPC, BCC, DCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ines Roe
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCC, DCC
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013  (Online Only)
Transform Your Life with Compassionate Therapy - I believe in the power of human connection and the strength within each of us to create meaningful change. I am here to support you on your journey to a more fulfilling life. My approach is centered around empathy, respect, and collaboration. I understand that seeking help takes courage, and I honor that bravery by providing a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and empower you to make positive, lasting changes in your life.
Transform Your Life with Compassionate Therapy - I believe in the power of human connection and the strength within each of us to create meaningful change. I am here to support you on your journey to a more fulfilling life. My approach is centered around empathy, respect, and collaboration. I understand that seeking help takes courage, and I honor that bravery by providing a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and empower you to make positive, lasting changes in your life.
(717) 912-6150 View (717) 912-6150
Photo of Jessica Baird, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica Baird
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013  (Online Only)
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with more than 17 years experience working with children, adults, and families, the last seven years in Teletherapy. I received my masters degree in psychology with a focus in marriage and family therapy in 2011, and I have completed certification training to be a functional family therapy supervisor. I'm a military veteran and have worked with individuals from a range of backgrounds, as well as provided supervision to interns. I also provide cognitive processing therapy for trauma, a gold standard evidence-based psychotherapy.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with more than 17 years experience working with children, adults, and families, the last seven years in Teletherapy. I received my masters degree in psychology with a focus in marriage and family therapy in 2011, and I have completed certification training to be a functional family therapy supervisor. I'm a military veteran and have worked with individuals from a range of backgrounds, as well as provided supervision to interns. I also provide cognitive processing therapy for trauma, a gold standard evidence-based psychotherapy.
(717) 922-5318 View (717) 922-5318
Photo of Emily Fenner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Fenner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
Life stops for no one, under no circumstance. Sometimes it feels like you're standing still while the world moves around you. Maybe you are going through a phase of life you thought would bring joy, such as expanding your family or retiring from a job. But instead, you've found this change to be stressful and disappointing. Or maybe you're faced with one of life's challenges such as dealing with a new health condition or grieving the loss of a loved one. You're now questioning how to get through this time of your life.
Life stops for no one, under no circumstance. Sometimes it feels like you're standing still while the world moves around you. Maybe you are going through a phase of life you thought would bring joy, such as expanding your family or retiring from a job. But instead, you've found this change to be stressful and disappointing. Or maybe you're faced with one of life's challenges such as dealing with a new health condition or grieving the loss of a loved one. You're now questioning how to get through this time of your life.
(223) 218-4391 View (223) 218-4391
Photo of Sarah Zucca, MS, LPC, CADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Zucca
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
Not accepting new clients
The most important element of counseling is the connection you have with your counselor. I know how important it is for you to feel heard, validated, and aligned with the person you are choosing to trust. Starting the journey to self discovery can be overwhelming, and you need a counselor who understands and appreciates your own uniqueness. If not cared for, old wounds may still hold power over you. I get it can be confusing to navigate the journey to a healthier self, especially because you cannot choose what happened in your past. You do not have to be defined by your past or be at the mercy of unwanted thoughts and feelings.
The most important element of counseling is the connection you have with your counselor. I know how important it is for you to feel heard, validated, and aligned with the person you are choosing to trust. Starting the journey to self discovery can be overwhelming, and you need a counselor who understands and appreciates your own uniqueness. If not cared for, old wounds may still hold power over you. I get it can be confusing to navigate the journey to a healthier self, especially because you cannot choose what happened in your past. You do not have to be defined by your past or be at the mercy of unwanted thoughts and feelings.
(717) 415-5648 View (717) 415-5648
Photo of Jessica L Baird, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica L Baird
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
Some people struggle with life transitions such as developmental changes in a family, divorce, or job challenges. Others have issues with depression, anxiety, trauma, mental illness, substance abuse, sex and intimacy or relationship issues. I believe that counseling offers healing, growth, and clarification for clients of all kinds as they courageously decide to work with me in a safe and confidential environment. I strive to create a warm, safe, trusting and positive therapeutic relationship and environment free from judgment. I believe that each individual has the ability for growth and change.
Some people struggle with life transitions such as developmental changes in a family, divorce, or job challenges. Others have issues with depression, anxiety, trauma, mental illness, substance abuse, sex and intimacy or relationship issues. I believe that counseling offers healing, growth, and clarification for clients of all kinds as they courageously decide to work with me in a safe and confidential environment. I strive to create a warm, safe, trusting and positive therapeutic relationship and environment free from judgment. I believe that each individual has the ability for growth and change.
(717) 912-6205 View (717) 912-6205
1

See more therapy options for Carlisle

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Carlisle, PA

70+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Carlisle, PA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Stress
72% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
73% Highmark
66% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Carlisle, PA see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Carlisle?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.