Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

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Photo of Patricia McClure - Patricia McClure, LMHC, LPC, NBCC, Counselor
Patricia McClure
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85013
My approach is mainly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy mixed with Client Centered Therapy. I develop and individualized program for each client that provides support and stepping stones in achieving a better quality of life. Therapy is provided in a relaxed environment that enables the client to bring forth a variety of issues without fear of being judged. I accept and work with clients right where their at.
My approach is mainly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy mixed with Client Centered Therapy. I develop and individualized program for each client that provides support and stepping stones in achieving a better quality of life. Therapy is provided in a relaxed environment that enables the client to bring forth a variety of issues without fear of being judged. I accept and work with clients right where their at.
(623) 335-1230 View (623) 335-1230
Photo of Julie Huffman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Huffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Accepting New Clients. I am a compassionate therapist with over 10 years of counseling experience specializing in working with teenagers and adults with trauma, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, family relationship problems, anger, grief and loss, life changes and navigating adulthood. I am EMDR trained and use EMDR to help process trauma. I can help you move from feeling stuck and incapable of change to a place of freedom and relief. In addition to EMDR, I use Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, Polyvagal Theory, Solution Focused and Internal Family Systems.
Accepting New Clients. I am a compassionate therapist with over 10 years of counseling experience specializing in working with teenagers and adults with trauma, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, family relationship problems, anger, grief and loss, life changes and navigating adulthood. I am EMDR trained and use EMDR to help process trauma. I can help you move from feeling stuck and incapable of change to a place of freedom and relief. In addition to EMDR, I use Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, Polyvagal Theory, Solution Focused and Internal Family Systems.
(480) 482-1838 View (480) 482-1838
Photo of Precious Chapman, LAC, Counselor
Precious Chapman
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Now Accepting New Clients! I'm a devoted Counselor, committed to empowering healthier relationships within and with loved ones. My journey centers on dismantling damaging behaviors, habits, and beliefs. My approach is direct: it's all about you. No scripts, just real connection. I nurture trust, empathy, and openness. Patience is key as we explore and celebrate together. Why Counselor? I've seen its transformative magic. It's crafting a brighter future that echoes through generations. Join me on this journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. Let's paint a radiant tomorrow!
Now Accepting New Clients! I'm a devoted Counselor, committed to empowering healthier relationships within and with loved ones. My journey centers on dismantling damaging behaviors, habits, and beliefs. My approach is direct: it's all about you. No scripts, just real connection. I nurture trust, empathy, and openness. Patience is key as we explore and celebrate together. Why Counselor? I've seen its transformative magic. It's crafting a brighter future that echoes through generations. Join me on this journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. Let's paint a radiant tomorrow!
(480) 690-8941 View (480) 690-8941
Photo of Bevin Stockett, MA, LAC, Counselor
Bevin Stockett
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85048
“The more you understand how worthy you are, the more likely you’ll find your strength again.” - Tabitha Brown. It is essential to understand our own worth and to learn who we are as individuals. Unfortunately through various life events, we may lose sight of who we are or never learn who we are at all. When we don’t have an understanding of our own worth, it is difficult to find our inner strength and to understand what we deserve out of life and relationships. Due to feelings of unworthiness and/or low self-esteem, we may end up making decisions, choosing relationships, and reacting to life in ways that do not serve us well.
“The more you understand how worthy you are, the more likely you’ll find your strength again.” - Tabitha Brown. It is essential to understand our own worth and to learn who we are as individuals. Unfortunately through various life events, we may lose sight of who we are or never learn who we are at all. When we don’t have an understanding of our own worth, it is difficult to find our inner strength and to understand what we deserve out of life and relationships. Due to feelings of unworthiness and/or low self-esteem, we may end up making decisions, choosing relationships, and reacting to life in ways that do not serve us well.
(520) 987-9029 View (520) 987-9029
Photo of Shannon Keating, LPC, NCC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shannon Keating
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85003  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm so glad you're here! :) I know how overwhelming and intimidating it can be to look for help. A safe place and a non-judgmental/unbiased ear are highly coveted and sought after in today's society. Therapy can address infinite issues and struggles that arise in daily life. Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, relationship issues, or just life in general, take comfort that I'm here to help! Together, we can work through whatever it is that you need to lead your "best" happy and healthy life. Please take note of my specialties and other areas of expertise.
Hi! I'm so glad you're here! :) I know how overwhelming and intimidating it can be to look for help. A safe place and a non-judgmental/unbiased ear are highly coveted and sought after in today's society. Therapy can address infinite issues and struggles that arise in daily life. Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, relationship issues, or just life in general, take comfort that I'm here to help! Together, we can work through whatever it is that you need to lead your "best" happy and healthy life. Please take note of my specialties and other areas of expertise.
(623) 471-1804 View (623) 471-1804
Photo of Cary Gauna, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cary Gauna
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
Are you having difficulty navigating life's challenges and finding a way back to thriving rather than surviving? I can help. My approach comes from empowering people to see the strength and uniqueness within themselves.
Are you having difficulty navigating life's challenges and finding a way back to thriving rather than surviving? I can help. My approach comes from empowering people to see the strength and uniqueness within themselves.
(602) 962-2358 View (602) 962-2358
Photo of Lindsey Dies, MC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lindsey Dies
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor that predominately focuses on work with adolescents, young adults and their families or support systems. I have spent my career working with adolescents and families in both outpatient and residential therapy settings. I very much believe that each individual and family needs an individualized approach and treatment to facilitate change and healing. My goal is to establish a safe and supportive environment that allows each client and family to move forward in their therapeutic goals.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor that predominately focuses on work with adolescents, young adults and their families or support systems. I have spent my career working with adolescents and families in both outpatient and residential therapy settings. I very much believe that each individual and family needs an individualized approach and treatment to facilitate change and healing. My goal is to establish a safe and supportive environment that allows each client and family to move forward in their therapeutic goals.
(602) 975-2467 View (602) 975-2467
Photo of Brenna Gonzales, MS, LPC, SEP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brenna Gonzales
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85014
I am dedicated to helping adults heal from all types of trauma. I am trained in several different trauma resolution modalities and will make it my mission to find the right combination of treatments that work for you and your goals. I believe in the power of therapy to promote personal growth, resilience, and overall well-being.
I am dedicated to helping adults heal from all types of trauma. I am trained in several different trauma resolution modalities and will make it my mission to find the right combination of treatments that work for you and your goals. I believe in the power of therapy to promote personal growth, resilience, and overall well-being.
(602) 483-6253 View (602) 483-6253
Photo of Andrea Hartwig, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Hartwig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85012  (Online Only)
Ihave been a licensed clinical social worker for over 20 years and have worked with clients of all ages. I am a true optimist and my motto is that there is a solution for every problem. My focus is on empowering clients to build capacity for their best life. I am a believer in setting goals, providing education and resources and following up regularly on your progress.
Ihave been a licensed clinical social worker for over 20 years and have worked with clients of all ages. I am a true optimist and my motto is that there is a solution for every problem. My focus is on empowering clients to build capacity for their best life. I am a believer in setting goals, providing education and resources and following up regularly on your progress.
(928) 493-1099 View (928) 493-1099
Photo of Shannon Jacobson, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon Jacobson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85022
You have taken the initiative and have begun the most difficult part of your journey. Your being here means you are contemplating change. No doubt, change can be hard, and yes, often uncomfortable. Good news, you do not have to go through it alone. You are the expert of your own experience and you get to set the pace for your journey. I engage a psychodynamic, person centered, strengths based, solution focused approach in working with my clients. My passion is working with the root causes of symptoms that trouble you. Anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, let's uncover what has prevented or is blocking your progress or goals.
You have taken the initiative and have begun the most difficult part of your journey. Your being here means you are contemplating change. No doubt, change can be hard, and yes, often uncomfortable. Good news, you do not have to go through it alone. You are the expert of your own experience and you get to set the pace for your journey. I engage a psychodynamic, person centered, strengths based, solution focused approach in working with my clients. My passion is working with the root causes of symptoms that trouble you. Anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, let's uncover what has prevented or is blocking your progress or goals.
(602) 932-1974 View (602) 932-1974
Photo of Nonie E Maupin, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nonie E Maupin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85024
I enjoy my work! I spent 19 years working in a church-based Christian counseling center. During that time I counseled primarily women. Each woman taught me something about their relationships, their challenges, and their hearts. I believe adult women (over 18) experience a safe haven, a lot of grace, and well-developed clinical skills. My training focused on relationship issues, depression, anxiety disorders, domestic violence, and childhood abuse.
I enjoy my work! I spent 19 years working in a church-based Christian counseling center. During that time I counseled primarily women. Each woman taught me something about their relationships, their challenges, and their hearts. I believe adult women (over 18) experience a safe haven, a lot of grace, and well-developed clinical skills. My training focused on relationship issues, depression, anxiety disorders, domestic violence, and childhood abuse.
(480) 418-4636 View (480) 418-4636
Photo of Cassidy Pavelich, LAC, MS, Counselor
Cassidy Pavelich
Counselor, LAC, MS
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85007
Are you feeling overwhelmed or maybe navigating a new life transition? I know how daunting that can be, and I'm here to walk that path with you. I’m truly passionate about creating a space where you feel seen, heard, and supported. We'll work together to define your goals and check in to make sure you’re getting exactly what you need throughout your therapy journey. As a therapist, I bring a warm, down-to-earth vibe to our sessions, making it easier to tackle the tough stuff at a pace that feels right for you.
Are you feeling overwhelmed or maybe navigating a new life transition? I know how daunting that can be, and I'm here to walk that path with you. I’m truly passionate about creating a space where you feel seen, heard, and supported. We'll work together to define your goals and check in to make sure you’re getting exactly what you need throughout your therapy journey. As a therapist, I bring a warm, down-to-earth vibe to our sessions, making it easier to tackle the tough stuff at a pace that feels right for you.
(602) 854-9780 View (602) 854-9780
Photo of Suma Hodge, MS, LPC, BHP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Suma Hodge
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, BHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85037
Not accepting new clients
Ideal client is an individual that is prepared to do the hard work. Answer the tough questions and be challenged into growth. Who no longer would like to carry the weight of their past and want to no longer be defined by it. It’s not about getting back to the old you or forgetting what happened to you. It is about moving forward and being a stronger and more improved YOU!
Ideal client is an individual that is prepared to do the hard work. Answer the tough questions and be challenged into growth. Who no longer would like to carry the weight of their past and want to no longer be defined by it. It’s not about getting back to the old you or forgetting what happened to you. It is about moving forward and being a stronger and more improved YOU!
(480) 405-0651 View (480) 405-0651
Photo of Kathryn Heltzel - Gender Identity Center, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gender Identity Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS*** Would you like to talk about gender with a caring professional in a confidential space? We are a therapy practice devoted to supporting teens, adults, and families who are transgender, non-binary, gender fluid, gender queer, or just wanting to explore gender identity. We can connect you to needed resources, write referral letters, and network you in to our LGBTQ supportive community. Most importantly we value creating safe and trusting therapeutic relationships so that we can be in the journey of gender identity with you and you do not have to go it alone.
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS*** Would you like to talk about gender with a caring professional in a confidential space? We are a therapy practice devoted to supporting teens, adults, and families who are transgender, non-binary, gender fluid, gender queer, or just wanting to explore gender identity. We can connect you to needed resources, write referral letters, and network you in to our LGBTQ supportive community. Most importantly we value creating safe and trusting therapeutic relationships so that we can be in the journey of gender identity with you and you do not have to go it alone.
(602) 691-6496 View (602) 691-6496
Photo of Dr. Kerrey Bogardus, MS, PsyD, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Dr. Kerrey Bogardus
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MS, PsyD
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85032
Pain from the past or fear about the future might make it difficult to enjoy the present. If this describes you or a teen you care about, I want you to know there is hope. My name is Kerrey, and I'm glad you found my bio. I enjoy working with teenagers and adults who are striving to be their best selves. I practice therapy at Choose Health and Happiness Counseling in a comfortable, inviting space at the Scottsdale location on Shea Boulevard. Your story, your pain, and your collection of difficulties are unique to you. There is no such thing as a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy.
Pain from the past or fear about the future might make it difficult to enjoy the present. If this describes you or a teen you care about, I want you to know there is hope. My name is Kerrey, and I'm glad you found my bio. I enjoy working with teenagers and adults who are striving to be their best selves. I practice therapy at Choose Health and Happiness Counseling in a comfortable, inviting space at the Scottsdale location on Shea Boulevard. Your story, your pain, and your collection of difficulties are unique to you. There is no such thing as a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy.
(480) 933-5383 View (480) 933-5383
Photo of Alicia R. Schoephoerster, DBH, LMSW
Alicia R. Schoephoerster
Licensed Master Social Worker, DBH, LMSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85032  (Online Only)
I am an Arizona licensed master social worker with experience with diverse populations across the lifespan. I hold bachelor’s and master’s degrees in social work and a doctorate in behavioral health from Arizona State University. I serve adolescents and adults using an eclectic approach designed to address each person's unique treatment goals and needs.
I am an Arizona licensed master social worker with experience with diverse populations across the lifespan. I hold bachelor’s and master’s degrees in social work and a doctorate in behavioral health from Arizona State University. I serve adolescents and adults using an eclectic approach designed to address each person's unique treatment goals and needs.
(602) 932-1359 View (602) 932-1359
Photo of Gabrielle Lipson, LPC, MSEd, MPhilEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gabrielle Lipson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, MPhilEd
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
We often find ourselves seeking help when something is wrong, but I work with individuals, families, and children to help them see the strengths through the challenging and good times. I believe that humans are fundamentally creative, innovative, compassionate, and fully capable of accessing their joy. The therapeutic process is not one size fits all, nor will it be successful when the therapist calls all of the shots. My clients are the experts, and I work collaboratively to find the best approach to achieve growth.
We often find ourselves seeking help when something is wrong, but I work with individuals, families, and children to help them see the strengths through the challenging and good times. I believe that humans are fundamentally creative, innovative, compassionate, and fully capable of accessing their joy. The therapeutic process is not one size fits all, nor will it be successful when the therapist calls all of the shots. My clients are the experts, and I work collaboratively to find the best approach to achieve growth.
(571) 450-9296 View (571) 450-9296
Photo of Gina Marianetti, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gina Marianetti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Waitlist for new clients
As a psychotherapist I am passionate about supporting clients in a safe and non-judgmental space. I am a whole person-focused, trauma informed clinician who believes everyone has the power within themselves to heal. As a strength-based clinician I choose not to focus on what isn’t working while reducing a person to a diagnosis. I honor and respect that everyone I work with has a personal story and unique life experiences that have resulted in both struggle and strength. Therapy may provide the space for each individual to cultivate true life satisfaction.
As a psychotherapist I am passionate about supporting clients in a safe and non-judgmental space. I am a whole person-focused, trauma informed clinician who believes everyone has the power within themselves to heal. As a strength-based clinician I choose not to focus on what isn’t working while reducing a person to a diagnosis. I honor and respect that everyone I work with has a personal story and unique life experiences that have resulted in both struggle and strength. Therapy may provide the space for each individual to cultivate true life satisfaction.
(602) 490-0827 View (602) 490-0827
Photo of Doug Malm, PsyD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Doug Malm
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
I am truly sorry for any pain you may be feeling. As a compassionate and caring therapist, I understand the deep hurt and confusion that life can bring. My empathetic approach is designed to provide a safe and supportive space where you can heal and center yourself. I specialize in providing treatment for relationship problems, dating, divorce, loneliness, depression, anxiety, family conflicts, trauma, emotional overwhelm, being overweight, and coping with fear and avoidance. I also aid in healing the overwhelm and uncertainty of gaslighting or emotional abuse inflicted by narcissistic, domineering or controlling others.
I am truly sorry for any pain you may be feeling. As a compassionate and caring therapist, I understand the deep hurt and confusion that life can bring. My empathetic approach is designed to provide a safe and supportive space where you can heal and center yourself. I specialize in providing treatment for relationship problems, dating, divorce, loneliness, depression, anxiety, family conflicts, trauma, emotional overwhelm, being overweight, and coping with fear and avoidance. I also aid in healing the overwhelm and uncertainty of gaslighting or emotional abuse inflicted by narcissistic, domineering or controlling others.
(480) 409-2454 View (480) 409-2454
Photo of Carey Davidson - InterventionASAP, MA, ICAADAC, BRI-II, CIP, CAI, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
InterventionASAP
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, ICAADAC, BRI-II, CIP, CAI
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85022
Our focus is helping people that care about someone struggling with an addiction that is resistant to facing and addressing their problem (denial that such a problem exists). Being trained in all models of a addiction intervention we blend approaches to provide the most effective results based on the unique aspects of your situation Through the intervention process, we work together to facilitate entry into treatment for a loved ones addiction. Our collaborative intervention process educating, coaching and empowering people that care by taking action in the form of a professionally led intervention. WE TRAVEL NATIONWIDE TO HELP FAMILIES
Our focus is helping people that care about someone struggling with an addiction that is resistant to facing and addressing their problem (denial that such a problem exists). Being trained in all models of a addiction intervention we blend approaches to provide the most effective results based on the unique aspects of your situation Through the intervention process, we work together to facilitate entry into treatment for a loved ones addiction. Our collaborative intervention process educating, coaching and empowering people that care by taking action in the form of a professionally led intervention. WE TRAVEL NATIONWIDE TO HELP FAMILIES
(602) 492-5341 View (602) 492-5341
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
69% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
68% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Phoenix, AZ see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.