Life Coaching Therapists in 10021

Photo of Sharon Ann Heno, LPC-S, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sharon Ann Heno
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, MEd
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
My passion is helping others thrive. My goal is to help you heal from the past and soar beyond what you could ever imagine. I work to create an empathetic and safe space for your journey. You do not have to suffer, stay stuck or settle anymore. If you’re ready for change, change that will impact all areas of your life for positive growth and development. The time is now, you deserve this. I have over 20 years in working with clients suffering from trauma. I have been successful helping individuals move past the unthinkable. I can’t wait to help you become the best version of yourself.
My passion is helping others thrive. My goal is to help you heal from the past and soar beyond what you could ever imagine. I work to create an empathetic and safe space for your journey. You do not have to suffer, stay stuck or settle anymore. If you’re ready for change, change that will impact all areas of your life for positive growth and development. The time is now, you deserve this. I have over 20 years in working with clients suffering from trauma. I have been successful helping individuals move past the unthinkable. I can’t wait to help you become the best version of yourself.
(347) 572-7217 View (347) 572-7217
Photo of Amanda Pelcher, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Pelcher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
She offers virtual therapy and coaching to work collaboratively w/ individuals & couples towards a variety of goals, including:
Finding personal and professional fulfillment, Managing anxiety & living with uncertainty, Building meaningful, lasting relationships, Exploring identity & developing a healthier sense of Self, Navigating life transitions and losses.
Drawing on 15 years of experience in a range of clinical settings, Amanda combines energy, humor, and empathy to help her clients overcome life's challenges and achieve their goals. A Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Amanda believes there is no cookie-cutter approach to therapy — instead, she offers a personalized blend of traditional talk therapy and practical skills and tools as she builds meaningful relationships with her clients.
She offers virtual therapy and coaching to work collaboratively w/ individuals & couples towards a variety of goals, including:
Finding personal and professional fulfillment, Managing anxiety & living with uncertainty, Building meaningful, lasting relationships, Exploring identity & developing a healthier sense of Self, Navigating life transitions and losses.
Drawing on 15 years of experience in a range of clinical settings, Amanda combines energy, humor, and empathy to help her clients overcome life's challenges and achieve their goals. A Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Amanda believes there is no cookie-cutter approach to therapy — instead, she offers a personalized blend of traditional talk therapy and practical skills and tools as she builds meaningful relationships with her clients.
(929) 309-2433 View (929) 309-2433
Photo of Chloe Carmichael, PhD, Psychologist
Chloe Carmichael
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
I specialize in both psychotherapy and high-level coaching, and I can blend them when appropriate.
I work well with clients seeking help with stress management, relationship issues, goal attainment, or issues related to emotion and self-esteem. My ideal clients are professionals who are seeking results. In addition to my work with clients, I also provide practice building tools for clinicians. Although I am currently on sabbatical from psychotherapy clients, I do oversee my associates, Amanda Pelcher, LMFT and Grayson Stadler, LCSW. You can have a free consultation with my office to learn more. Send us an email or give us a call so we may assist you further!
I specialize in both psychotherapy and high-level coaching, and I can blend them when appropriate.
I work well with clients seeking help with stress management, relationship issues, goal attainment, or issues related to emotion and self-esteem. My ideal clients are professionals who are seeking results. In addition to my work with clients, I also provide practice building tools for clinicians. Although I am currently on sabbatical from psychotherapy clients, I do oversee my associates, Amanda Pelcher, LMFT and Grayson Stadler, LCSW. You can have a free consultation with my office to learn more. Send us an email or give us a call so we may assist you further!
(929) 552-3428 View (929) 552-3428
Photo of Mark Sichel, MSW, LCSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Sichel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, worried about work, life, love and relationships? Do you want to learn new tools to solve chronic problems with your spouse, lover, teenager, boss, or other difficult people in your life? Are you tired of having the same old argument with the people you love most, and looking for new solutions for harmony and comfort in your close relationships?
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, worried about work, life, love and relationships? Do you want to learn new tools to solve chronic problems with your spouse, lover, teenager, boss, or other difficult people in your life? Are you tired of having the same old argument with the people you love most, and looking for new solutions for harmony and comfort in your close relationships?
(646) 351-1869 View (646) 351-1869
Photo of Dr. JM Hou - Dr. JM Licensed Psychologist, PhD, MSEd, Psychologist
Dr. JM Licensed Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, MSEd
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
I work with unique individuals who are seemingly successful and happy but deep inside feel lost, alone, even if they are in a relationship, and often feel like they don't belong or struggle to be present in life. With expertise gathered from years of experience across borders, time zones and cultures, I dive alongside men and women into the deep ocean of darkness— including all types of diversity, in-between/intersecting identities, worldwide travelers, high-achieving/performing and creative people. I am Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) certified and was formerly a clinical supervisor and psychologist at Johns Hopkins University.
I work with unique individuals who are seemingly successful and happy but deep inside feel lost, alone, even if they are in a relationship, and often feel like they don't belong or struggle to be present in life. With expertise gathered from years of experience across borders, time zones and cultures, I dive alongside men and women into the deep ocean of darkness— including all types of diversity, in-between/intersecting identities, worldwide travelers, high-achieving/performing and creative people. I am Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) certified and was formerly a clinical supervisor and psychologist at Johns Hopkins University.
(332) 264-1868 View (332) 264-1868
Photo of Carrie Gelber Rosenfield - Carrie Gelber Rosenfield, Psy.D., PsyD, Psychologist
Carrie Gelber Rosenfield, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
Our sessions begin with a conversation. What brings you here? What would you like to be different? What would your life look like if our work together is successful? With over 35 years of experience as a Licensed Clinical Psychologist we can quickly and jointly determine if we are a good fit. I work with adolescents and individual adults as well as couples experiencing relationship, intimacy and/or parenting issues. My expertise in psychodynamic, cognitive, and relational therapy, as well as EMDR provide a unique combination. Please see my website for more information: www.drcarrierosenfield.com
Our sessions begin with a conversation. What brings you here? What would you like to be different? What would your life look like if our work together is successful? With over 35 years of experience as a Licensed Clinical Psychologist we can quickly and jointly determine if we are a good fit. I work with adolescents and individual adults as well as couples experiencing relationship, intimacy and/or parenting issues. My expertise in psychodynamic, cognitive, and relational therapy, as well as EMDR provide a unique combination. Please see my website for more information: www.drcarrierosenfield.com
View
Photo of Jane Martin, PhD, Psychologist
Jane Martin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
Psychotherapy offers help dealing with difficult life stages and events as well as an opportunity to understand oneself and important relationships. I work with adolescents and adults who struggle with relationship issues, depression, anxiety and stress, family conflicts, academic issues, and career problems. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic theory and my style is interactive. Crises and adjustment associated with the various life stages are a special focus in my psychotherapy practice.
Psychotherapy offers help dealing with difficult life stages and events as well as an opportunity to understand oneself and important relationships. I work with adolescents and adults who struggle with relationship issues, depression, anxiety and stress, family conflicts, academic issues, and career problems. My approach is grounded in psychodynamic theory and my style is interactive. Crises and adjustment associated with the various life stages are a special focus in my psychotherapy practice.
(646) 666-8443 View (646) 666-8443
Photo of Michael Cannistraci, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Cannistraci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
Many of us find ourselves feeling stuck, frustrated or unfulfilled in our relationships, work or life path. Talking to a friend or family member may be a good start but, at times, cannot create a safe, supportive distance to work through what is troubling us. In my clinical work, I offer a safe and supportive environment in which to understand yourself, what's getting in the way in your life now, and explore new ways of coping and understanding life's challenges. I believe real change takes place in the moment-to-moment collaboration between therapist and client.
Many of us find ourselves feeling stuck, frustrated or unfulfilled in our relationships, work or life path. Talking to a friend or family member may be a good start but, at times, cannot create a safe, supportive distance to work through what is troubling us. In my clinical work, I offer a safe and supportive environment in which to understand yourself, what's getting in the way in your life now, and explore new ways of coping and understanding life's challenges. I believe real change takes place in the moment-to-moment collaboration between therapist and client.
(646) 760-4911 View (646) 760-4911
Photo of Millet Israeli, JD, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Millet Israeli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021
I can guide you through all of life’s challenges, from the daily tasks of adulting to the deep aches of grief.
Every one of us is losing something precious to us. Lost opportunities, lost possibilities, feelings we can never get back again. That's part of what it means to be alive. (Murakami). Loss is a part of life - of loved ones, hopes and dreams, relationships, a sense of safety. If you’ve lost your sense of self, I can help you return to yourself. If you’ve lost your professional mojo, I can guide you to rediscover it. I provide a holding space for you so you can move forward with strength and optimism, and eventually find meaning, growth and a renewed sense of purpose. Remember - there is no way out but through.
I can guide you through all of life’s challenges, from the daily tasks of adulting to the deep aches of grief.
Every one of us is losing something precious to us. Lost opportunities, lost possibilities, feelings we can never get back again. That's part of what it means to be alive. (Murakami). Loss is a part of life - of loved ones, hopes and dreams, relationships, a sense of safety. If you’ve lost your sense of self, I can help you return to yourself. If you’ve lost your professional mojo, I can guide you to rediscover it. I provide a holding space for you so you can move forward with strength and optimism, and eventually find meaning, growth and a renewed sense of purpose. Remember - there is no way out but through.
(917) 746-2723 View (917) 746-2723
Photo of Daniel Schwartz, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Daniel Schwartz
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
I am deeply committed to helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life's most painful journeys and realizations. I believe each person's story is unique, and I tailor my approach to create a safe, supportive space where you can uncover your strengths, explore your goals, desires, dreams, and fantasies, resolve conflicts, and foster growth. Together, we'll explore the intricate dynamics of your true self, whom you most want to be, complex relationships, and develop strategies to cultivate deeper connections, emotional resilience, and pride.
I am deeply committed to helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life's most painful journeys and realizations. I believe each person's story is unique, and I tailor my approach to create a safe, supportive space where you can uncover your strengths, explore your goals, desires, dreams, and fantasies, resolve conflicts, and foster growth. Together, we'll explore the intricate dynamics of your true self, whom you most want to be, complex relationships, and develop strategies to cultivate deeper connections, emotional resilience, and pride.
(646) 419-3752 View (646) 419-3752
Photo of Ella Jolly, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ella Jolly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
My approach is psychodynamic and holistic, with a coaching perspective and an emphasis on personal growth.
Are you having trouble in your relationships, at work, or when you're alone, because of panic attacks, obsessions or compulsions? Has depression eroded your confidence and sapped the pleasure from life? Therapy can help. Are you looking for a new partner, or perhaps grieving a loss? Do you struggle at work or in school? Do you or someone you are caring for suffer from a medical illness? These are all very stressful situations, and a good time to talk with a trained professional. Therapy can help you increase space in your life for self-care and compassion, self-awareness and reflection, and provide support in making changes.
My approach is psychodynamic and holistic, with a coaching perspective and an emphasis on personal growth.
Are you having trouble in your relationships, at work, or when you're alone, because of panic attacks, obsessions or compulsions? Has depression eroded your confidence and sapped the pleasure from life? Therapy can help. Are you looking for a new partner, or perhaps grieving a loss? Do you struggle at work or in school? Do you or someone you are caring for suffer from a medical illness? These are all very stressful situations, and a good time to talk with a trained professional. Therapy can help you increase space in your life for self-care and compassion, self-awareness and reflection, and provide support in making changes.
(646) 480-6967 View (646) 480-6967
Photo of Paula Prentis, LMSW, BCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paula Prentis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, BCC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
My combination of life coaching and therapeutic skillsets powerfully set the stage for progress.
As a professional coach and licensed therapist, I help people heal their minds and form a new and stronger sense of self—one thriving through growth from personal exploration. Worry, distraction, stress, fear, self-doubt, poor habits or conflicting mindsets all contribute to the behaviors that thwart potentials. Whether in your teens, twenties or fifties, I help you unlock the stuck points holding you back. If you have experienced trauma, are managing anxiety or have self-doubt, we can build your self-efficacy so you can make life, career and relationship choices that align with the best version of who you choose to be.
My combination of life coaching and therapeutic skillsets powerfully set the stage for progress.
As a professional coach and licensed therapist, I help people heal their minds and form a new and stronger sense of self—one thriving through growth from personal exploration. Worry, distraction, stress, fear, self-doubt, poor habits or conflicting mindsets all contribute to the behaviors that thwart potentials. Whether in your teens, twenties or fifties, I help you unlock the stuck points holding you back. If you have experienced trauma, are managing anxiety or have self-doubt, we can build your self-efficacy so you can make life, career and relationship choices that align with the best version of who you choose to be.
(631) 801-4721 View (631) 801-4721
Photo of Jennifer S Weis, MS, CPLC
Jennifer S Weis
MS, CPLC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
Welcome! I believe our best work is created in a collaborative spirit; whether we choose a coaching or therapy modality to work. We each have personal strengths; let's utilize yours to stabilize your weaknesses while we work through your present transition. Life comes at us fast. Sometimes, we need someone beside us to remind us we do have what we need inside, if we know where to look. Often times it’s just a matter of finding a bit of clarity and setting goals. In our work together we’ll strive to ensure you reach success in practicing new skills & attain new heights. It’s time to define that life desired. What is your True North?
Welcome! I believe our best work is created in a collaborative spirit; whether we choose a coaching or therapy modality to work. We each have personal strengths; let's utilize yours to stabilize your weaknesses while we work through your present transition. Life comes at us fast. Sometimes, we need someone beside us to remind us we do have what we need inside, if we know where to look. Often times it’s just a matter of finding a bit of clarity and setting goals. In our work together we’ll strive to ensure you reach success in practicing new skills & attain new heights. It’s time to define that life desired. What is your True North?
(352) 292-8618 View (352) 292-8618
Photo of Rachel Honig, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rachel Honig
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021
To others, or on paper, your life may look great, but you still feel unfulfilled. My clients are New Yorkers who want more, and often they feel uncomfortable sharing these insecurities with family or friends. Whether you are experiencing career challenges, struggling with family issues, or spending hours fruitlessly swiping on dating apps, you know you need to break the cycle. I provide a safe, empathetic space and a solutions-based approach to explore areas of concern. I also work with clients to identify the issues underlying a feeling of general malaise. Sometimes we just don’t know what we don’t know.
To others, or on paper, your life may look great, but you still feel unfulfilled. My clients are New Yorkers who want more, and often they feel uncomfortable sharing these insecurities with family or friends. Whether you are experiencing career challenges, struggling with family issues, or spending hours fruitlessly swiping on dating apps, you know you need to break the cycle. I provide a safe, empathetic space and a solutions-based approach to explore areas of concern. I also work with clients to identify the issues underlying a feeling of general malaise. Sometimes we just don’t know what we don’t know.
(332) 239-1439 View (332) 239-1439
Photo of Mitchell Bobrow, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mitchell Bobrow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
When life becomes more of a mystery to embrace than a series of problems to solve, a shift or crack occurs in our perspective. This crack allows the light and miracle of peace and intimacy to gently blossom. Leaning into mystery and discovering intimacy has been at the core of both my personal and professional journey. Of course, life is always going to be a series of problems to solve. That’s the content of our lives. But when mystery is the lens or context from which these problems are viewed, the problems look and feel differently. We start noticing options. Transformation becomes accessible.
When life becomes more of a mystery to embrace than a series of problems to solve, a shift or crack occurs in our perspective. This crack allows the light and miracle of peace and intimacy to gently blossom. Leaning into mystery and discovering intimacy has been at the core of both my personal and professional journey. Of course, life is always going to be a series of problems to solve. That’s the content of our lives. But when mystery is the lens or context from which these problems are viewed, the problems look and feel differently. We start noticing options. Transformation becomes accessible.
(607) 527-2190 View (607) 527-2190
Photo of Juliet Cooper, PsyD,  MA, Psychologist
Juliet Cooper
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
Life's challenges are inevitable. Asking for help is your strength. Welcome to my practice! I am a licensed psychologist trained to work with children, teens, parents and adults. Healing starts with feeling connected. My warmth and easy going calm, create an atmosphere of comfort and openness. While encouraging self awareness, I respect and value the practical issues of life and incorporate them in my work. Listening, interacting, being supportive and solution oriented, characterize my style. I believe that people can strive toward increased fulfillment and happiness. Feeling listened to, validated and understood are essential ingredients for change and of course a little humor helps!
Life's challenges are inevitable. Asking for help is your strength. Welcome to my practice! I am a licensed psychologist trained to work with children, teens, parents and adults. Healing starts with feeling connected. My warmth and easy going calm, create an atmosphere of comfort and openness. While encouraging self awareness, I respect and value the practical issues of life and incorporate them in my work. Listening, interacting, being supportive and solution oriented, characterize my style. I believe that people can strive toward increased fulfillment and happiness. Feeling listened to, validated and understood are essential ingredients for change and of course a little humor helps!
(646) 791-3954 View (646) 791-3954
Photo of Aniik Libby - Couples  and Marriage Therapy, Marital, EFT, Therapy, Couples, Relatio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Couples and Marriage Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Marital, EFT, Therapy, Couples, Relatio
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021
You deserve to live the happiest life possible and I can teach you concrete strategies to you get there.
Is your relationship stuck? Are you feeling unheard? deprived? having the same old fight again? Are you feeling unappreciated, and like your needs will never be important enough to your partner? Most couples who come to me love each other but are feeling desperate and hopeless to realign without help. You deserve quality counseling. Helping people communicate and get long term results using Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy is my expertise and I look forward to working with you to mend your relationship and get to marriage “2.0”Email me for a free chat about what’s happening for you and what you need. Looking forward
You deserve to live the happiest life possible and I can teach you concrete strategies to you get there.
Is your relationship stuck? Are you feeling unheard? deprived? having the same old fight again? Are you feeling unappreciated, and like your needs will never be important enough to your partner? Most couples who come to me love each other but are feeling desperate and hopeless to realign without help. You deserve quality counseling. Helping people communicate and get long term results using Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy is my expertise and I look forward to working with you to mend your relationship and get to marriage “2.0”Email me for a free chat about what’s happening for you and what you need. Looking forward
(917) 746-8579 View (917) 746-8579
Photo of Mirabela Osadci, MA
Mirabela Osadci
MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
IFS Therapist with an eclectic and inventive approach. Practicing Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS) and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). I believe that people already have within themselves what they need in order to overcome their struggles. All it takes is a bit of guidance and someone to ask the right questions. My wish for my clients is that they find the inner freedom to live the life that they want. I mostly work with expats, travelers, digital nomads, burners - I can relate to the lifestyle and can appreciate the need for flexibility and rescheduling sessions when necessary, however, anyone is welcome.
IFS Therapist with an eclectic and inventive approach. Practicing Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS) and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). I believe that people already have within themselves what they need in order to overcome their struggles. All it takes is a bit of guidance and someone to ask the right questions. My wish for my clients is that they find the inner freedom to live the life that they want. I mostly work with expats, travelers, digital nomads, burners - I can relate to the lifestyle and can appreciate the need for flexibility and rescheduling sessions when necessary, however, anyone is welcome.
View
Photo of Halley Wolowiec, LMHC, Counselor
Halley Wolowiec
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
There are many reasons why we seek therapy; and they differ in terms of how problems and circumstances influence our lives. I work with adults, teens, and couples seeking relief from anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, poor self-assertion skills, identity issues, and life stressors (such as death of a loved one, divorce, job loss, career change). I also work with college students in NYC living away from family and support; young adults launching into adulthood in NYC; and helping couples find solutions to problems in an otherwise satisfying relationships. Out-of-network reimbursement options are available.
There are many reasons why we seek therapy; and they differ in terms of how problems and circumstances influence our lives. I work with adults, teens, and couples seeking relief from anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, poor self-assertion skills, identity issues, and life stressors (such as death of a loved one, divorce, job loss, career change). I also work with college students in NYC living away from family and support; young adults launching into adulthood in NYC; and helping couples find solutions to problems in an otherwise satisfying relationships. Out-of-network reimbursement options are available.
(917) 791-3050 View (917) 791-3050
Photo of Heather Kaufman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Kaufman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021
Are you overcome with grief? Do you feel overwhelmed by life and the world around you? Do you feel anxious or depressed? Do your interactions with family members and significant others cause you distress? Do you feel isolated because there is no one to speak to? Let me help you navigate those feelings and find ways to take affirmative steps toward improving the quality of your life. I am an empathetic and engaged therapist. I pride myself on creating a safe, compassionate, and nonjudgmental environment where I promise that you will be heard.
Are you overcome with grief? Do you feel overwhelmed by life and the world around you? Do you feel anxious or depressed? Do your interactions with family members and significant others cause you distress? Do you feel isolated because there is no one to speak to? Let me help you navigate those feelings and find ways to take affirmative steps toward improving the quality of your life. I am an empathetic and engaged therapist. I pride myself on creating a safe, compassionate, and nonjudgmental environment where I promise that you will be heard.
(718) 568-6032 View (718) 568-6032
1
...
Life Coaching Therapists

What can I expect from life coaching?

Clients and coaches will typically start by identifying the problem area(s) that the client hopes to address—then, the coach will help the client brainstorm potential solutions and explore concrete techniques to help the client attain their goals. Coaching is typically short-term and focused on finding solutions in the here and now, rather than exploring a client’s past. In addition to strategies aimed at the client’s specific concerns, coaches may encourage general stress management techniques such as meditation.

Can a life coach help treat anxiety?

Because the majority of life coaches are not licensed clinicians, they are not qualified to diagnose or treat anxiety. Anyone struggling with anxiety or another mental health condition should seek help from a licensed mental health practitioner. However, some coaching clients who struggle with subclinical anxiety report that working with their coach on other problems—such as career dissatisfaction or unhealthy habits—has a positive effect on their anxiety.

Can life coaching be done online?

Yes. While life coaching often happens in person, many coaches conduct sessions over the phone or via online platforms such as Zoom or Skype. Because life coaches are not subject to local licensing regulations in the same way that therapists are, they are able to see clients who live in other locations.

How long does life coaching last?

Life coaching tends to be a shorter-term process than therapy, though it does not always unfold over a specific period of time and is instead based on the coach’s or the client’s preferences. Coaching often takes place over three to 12 months but may be shorter or longer if necessary.