Therapists in Marblehead, MA

Photo of Zhenique Israelian-Dillon, LMHC, Counselor
Zhenique Israelian-Dillon
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945  (Online Only)
After many successful outcomes with EMDR, I am now able to offer consultation hours to providers that have attended Basic EMDR training. See me in a small group setting or individually to gain your hours towards becoming an EMDRIA approved EMDR therapist.
After many successful outcomes with EMDR, I am now able to offer consultation hours to providers that have attended Basic EMDR training. See me in a small group setting or individually to gain your hours towards becoming an EMDRIA approved EMDR therapist.
(339) 220-4653 View (339) 220-4653
Photo of Pam Mulvey, MS, LMHC, SAC
Pam Mulvey
MS, LMHC, SAC
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
If you are 16 years of age or over and are neurodiverse, suffer from trauma and/or anxiety, or just want support in handling life’s stressors and transitions, I can help. I’ve spent over 20 years successfully helping clients address challenges and reach their goals by building resiliency and developing sound problem-solving skills. I am also highly skilled in collaborating with parents of pre-teens, teens, and young adults to offer practical advice around parenting, transitions, and life-skills.
If you are 16 years of age or over and are neurodiverse, suffer from trauma and/or anxiety, or just want support in handling life’s stressors and transitions, I can help. I’ve spent over 20 years successfully helping clients address challenges and reach their goals by building resiliency and developing sound problem-solving skills. I am also highly skilled in collaborating with parents of pre-teens, teens, and young adults to offer practical advice around parenting, transitions, and life-skills.
(339) 330-2582 View (339) 330-2582
Photo of Haily Lyons, LMHC, Counselor
Haily Lyons
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945  (Online Only)
Telehealth Only - Licensed in MA, NH, and VT. I am passionate about helping people overcome and grow from life's difficulties. I work with young adults and women to discover their strength and resiliency. I am committed to bringing authenticity and compassion to each moment through mindfulness and empathy. I offer a nonjudgmental flexible approach that will not rush you in the process of growth. My therapeutic approach blends cognitive-behavioral techniques with concrete solutions and coping strategies, equipping my clients with practical tools to manage stress, anxiety, and life transitions.
Telehealth Only - Licensed in MA, NH, and VT. I am passionate about helping people overcome and grow from life's difficulties. I work with young adults and women to discover their strength and resiliency. I am committed to bringing authenticity and compassion to each moment through mindfulness and empathy. I offer a nonjudgmental flexible approach that will not rush you in the process of growth. My therapeutic approach blends cognitive-behavioral techniques with concrete solutions and coping strategies, equipping my clients with practical tools to manage stress, anxiety, and life transitions.
(978) 300-8341 View (978) 300-8341
Photo of Rebecca Freddo, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Freddo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
We will work together to reframe and/or shift the way you view and handle life’s challenges and build skills and strategies to lead you toward peace and happiness. During sessions we will use a combination of positive mindset therapy and Reiki energy to help begin the healing process, decrease stress, and increase feelings of joy and calm.
We will work together to reframe and/or shift the way you view and handle life’s challenges and build skills and strategies to lead you toward peace and happiness. During sessions we will use a combination of positive mindset therapy and Reiki energy to help begin the healing process, decrease stress, and increase feelings of joy and calm.
(339) 217-5719 View (339) 217-5719
Photo of Elizabeth Kelley, MS, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Kelley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945  (Online Only)
"The best way out is always through." Are you feeling stuck? Like you aren’t living life to its full potential? People begin therapy for many reasons and I believe the therapeutic relationship should be a safe and supportive mechanism for change. My goal is to create a non-judgmental space in which you feel heard, understood, and valued. I have worked with people struggling with a wide variety of issues including anxiety, depression, substance abuse, PTSD, and psychosis. I currently work in local ERs conducting evaluations for individuals in psychiatric and substance use crises.
"The best way out is always through." Are you feeling stuck? Like you aren’t living life to its full potential? People begin therapy for many reasons and I believe the therapeutic relationship should be a safe and supportive mechanism for change. My goal is to create a non-judgmental space in which you feel heard, understood, and valued. I have worked with people struggling with a wide variety of issues including anxiety, depression, substance abuse, PTSD, and psychosis. I currently work in local ERs conducting evaluations for individuals in psychiatric and substance use crises.
(339) 300-1040 View (339) 300-1040
Photo of Laura Shulman Brochstein, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Shulman Brochstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945  (Online Only)
Therapy is a place to get to know yourself better; a place where you don't need to care for others but instead a place to receive care, attention, and focus from a compassionate therapist. Maybe you’re sick of the same arguments, patterns, or periods of depression or anxiety. This is not quick or easy work and it requires trust and connection with a therapist who supports you without judgement. I work with clients to gain insight into their motivations and desires, supporting them on their path through life’s ups and downs.
Therapy is a place to get to know yourself better; a place where you don't need to care for others but instead a place to receive care, attention, and focus from a compassionate therapist. Maybe you’re sick of the same arguments, patterns, or periods of depression or anxiety. This is not quick or easy work and it requires trust and connection with a therapist who supports you without judgement. I work with clients to gain insight into their motivations and desires, supporting them on their path through life’s ups and downs.
(339) 220-4533 View (339) 220-4533
Photo of Megan M Kavanagh, PsyD, Psychologist
Megan M Kavanagh
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
Dr. Kavanagh is the owner and founder of North Shore Children's Neuropsychology, which offer neuropsychological assessment, counseling, and consultation to children, adolescents, young adults, and their families in Boston's North Shore. Dr. Kavanagh earned her doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, her master's degree in Developmental and Educational Psychology from Boston College, and her undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Virginia. She has extensive training and experience working with children as young as 2, and can offer services across the lifespan
Dr. Kavanagh is the owner and founder of North Shore Children's Neuropsychology, which offer neuropsychological assessment, counseling, and consultation to children, adolescents, young adults, and their families in Boston's North Shore. Dr. Kavanagh earned her doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, her master's degree in Developmental and Educational Psychology from Boston College, and her undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Virginia. She has extensive training and experience working with children as young as 2, and can offer services across the lifespan
(781) 850-2708 View (781) 850-2708
Photo of Nicole Cullen - Best Life Counseling , LMHC, MS, Counselor
Best Life Counseling
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marblehead, MA 01945
Feeling stressed and overwhelmed? Perhaps you are feeling like there are not enough hours in the day? At times, you find yourself questioning your decision or have repeating thoughts? If you answered yes, to any of these questions I can help. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor dedicated to supporting clients and helping them transition through difficult times of worry or stress by building resilience and using healthier coping skills as a way for positive change.
Feeling stressed and overwhelmed? Perhaps you are feeling like there are not enough hours in the day? At times, you find yourself questioning your decision or have repeating thoughts? If you answered yes, to any of these questions I can help. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor dedicated to supporting clients and helping them transition through difficult times of worry or stress by building resilience and using healthier coping skills as a way for positive change.
(781) 746-6627 View (781) 746-6627
Photo of Sandra Yudilevich Espinoza, PhD, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandra Yudilevich Espinoza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
I approach working with all clients recognizing that they are the experts on their lives, and with curiosity regarding their lived experiences. I am compassionate, supportive, and non-judgmental in my approach. I use the modality most appropriate for the client, including Narrative, Relational, and Cognitive Behavioral therapies. We will work together to identify the issues you bring to therapy, including grief work, the inner coping strategies you already possess, and discover what additional skill you might add to your toolbox to successfully address the acute or chronic problem at hand.
I approach working with all clients recognizing that they are the experts on their lives, and with curiosity regarding their lived experiences. I am compassionate, supportive, and non-judgmental in my approach. I use the modality most appropriate for the client, including Narrative, Relational, and Cognitive Behavioral therapies. We will work together to identify the issues you bring to therapy, including grief work, the inner coping strategies you already possess, and discover what additional skill you might add to your toolbox to successfully address the acute or chronic problem at hand.
(339) 209-0410 View (339) 209-0410
Photo of Denise Malament, LICSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Denise Malament
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a collaborative process of psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families. In a safe atmosphere we work together to uncover the innate strength we all have to live a fulfilled life. This method includes conversation, inquiry and mindfulness based practices that enable self discovery. By freeing one's self from habitual ways of thinking and reacting, maturity and wisdom become accessible.
I provide a collaborative process of psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families. In a safe atmosphere we work together to uncover the innate strength we all have to live a fulfilled life. This method includes conversation, inquiry and mindfulness based practices that enable self discovery. By freeing one's self from habitual ways of thinking and reacting, maturity and wisdom become accessible.
(978) 767-9005 View (978) 767-9005
Photo of Amanda Ruth Stegmann, Amanda, MS, LDN, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Ruth Stegmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Amanda, MS, LDN, LSW
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
As a Dietitian/Licensed social worker, I'm well versed in mental health and its impact on nutrition and one's relationship with food. As an Eating Disorder Specialist, I asses the psychological components of AN/BED/ARFID and the effects on food choices, eating habits and heatlh to collaborate with clients to make SMART goals. Your input, combined with my support (and humor and relatability) improve eating disorder thoughts and behaviors, manage food fears, and implement intuitive eating techniques to enjoy greater food freedom while improving your health.
As a Dietitian/Licensed social worker, I'm well versed in mental health and its impact on nutrition and one's relationship with food. As an Eating Disorder Specialist, I asses the psychological components of AN/BED/ARFID and the effects on food choices, eating habits and heatlh to collaborate with clients to make SMART goals. Your input, combined with my support (and humor and relatability) improve eating disorder thoughts and behaviors, manage food fears, and implement intuitive eating techniques to enjoy greater food freedom while improving your health.
(207) 837-4080 View (207) 837-4080
Photo of Sarahlee McCaffrey, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarahlee McCaffrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
I foster a supportive non-judgmental atmosphere where clients can feel they are heard. While I practice a CBT, talk therapy approach, I also pull from a variety of modalities based on your therapeutic goals. I specialize in teens and adults who are working through symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma or stress related life events.
I foster a supportive non-judgmental atmosphere where clients can feel they are heard. While I practice a CBT, talk therapy approach, I also pull from a variety of modalities based on your therapeutic goals. I specialize in teens and adults who are working through symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma or stress related life events.
(339) 300-4283 View (339) 300-4283
Photo of Robert C Donovan, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robert C Donovan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945  (Online Only)
It is OK to not feel OK! In fact, it makes absolute sense that you may be experiencing feelings of anxiety, depression, anger, irritability, and discontent as you try your best to navigate a world that can be chaotic to say the least! In my experience, sometimes just talking through these difficulties with a therapist can help to recalibrate our hard wiring as we work to find what is most effective for us to move forward. I applaud you in taking an enormous step in trusting the therapeutic process by saying "YES" to yourself. I am here as a means to help guide and navigate the journey in reaching your therapeutic goals.
It is OK to not feel OK! In fact, it makes absolute sense that you may be experiencing feelings of anxiety, depression, anger, irritability, and discontent as you try your best to navigate a world that can be chaotic to say the least! In my experience, sometimes just talking through these difficulties with a therapist can help to recalibrate our hard wiring as we work to find what is most effective for us to move forward. I applaud you in taking an enormous step in trusting the therapeutic process by saying "YES" to yourself. I am here as a means to help guide and navigate the journey in reaching your therapeutic goals.
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Photo of Christopher Joaquim, EdD, MEd, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Christopher Joaquim
Counselor, EdD, MEd, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
Negative thought patterns, anxious thoughts, depressive thoughts, and self-defeating behavior can get in the way, and slow progress. This might mean less life satisfaction, poor work-life balance, decreased quality of life, and unfulfilling relationships. Performance at work, in college, in sports, and in other performance-based tasks may suffer. Creative and performing artists might find creativity declining. Overall, motivation and the will to live your best life might decrease. Have you thought about getting help, or about improving your life? Counseling can be a vehicle for emotional growth and personal development!
Negative thought patterns, anxious thoughts, depressive thoughts, and self-defeating behavior can get in the way, and slow progress. This might mean less life satisfaction, poor work-life balance, decreased quality of life, and unfulfilling relationships. Performance at work, in college, in sports, and in other performance-based tasks may suffer. Creative and performing artists might find creativity declining. Overall, motivation and the will to live your best life might decrease. Have you thought about getting help, or about improving your life? Counseling can be a vehicle for emotional growth and personal development!
(857) 520-2681 View (857) 520-2681
Photo of Adam Ciccio - Ciccio Counseling Centers , LMHC, Counselor
Ciccio Counseling Centers
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
We are Accepting NEW Patients - Anxiety is our primary focus. We specialize in treating, children, teens, and adults with: Panic, Generalized Anxiety/Stress, Sports Performance, OCD, Body Image Concerns, Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms, Racing Thoughts, and Social Anxiety. Ciccio Counseling Centers follows a structured CBT treatment modality that is designed to produce measurable progress week-to-week. We also offer medication options through our psychiatric team if needed. Visit www.cicciocounselingcenters.com for more detailed information and to schedule an appointment for your over-the-phone consultation. 781-307-0098
We are Accepting NEW Patients - Anxiety is our primary focus. We specialize in treating, children, teens, and adults with: Panic, Generalized Anxiety/Stress, Sports Performance, OCD, Body Image Concerns, Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms, Racing Thoughts, and Social Anxiety. Ciccio Counseling Centers follows a structured CBT treatment modality that is designed to produce measurable progress week-to-week. We also offer medication options through our psychiatric team if needed. Visit www.cicciocounselingcenters.com for more detailed information and to schedule an appointment for your over-the-phone consultation. 781-307-0098
(781) 352-0067 View (781) 352-0067
Photo of Kat Rossi, LMHC, Counselor
Kat Rossi
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Expressive Arts Therapist. I aim to provide a safe, supportive environment for my clients that fosters healing and growth. I believe in the significance of mind/body connection and utilizing tools that assist in the process of re-connection through mindfulness and creative techniques. I look forward to every opportunity there is in meeting with clients to support them in creating the change they envision in their lives.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Expressive Arts Therapist. I aim to provide a safe, supportive environment for my clients that fosters healing and growth. I believe in the significance of mind/body connection and utilizing tools that assist in the process of re-connection through mindfulness and creative techniques. I look forward to every opportunity there is in meeting with clients to support them in creating the change they envision in their lives.
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Photo of Hoa Lam Schneider - Essex Pediatric Neuropsychology, PhD, Psychologist
Essex Pediatric Neuropsychology
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
Dr. Schneider is the owner and founder of Essex Pediatric Neuropsychology in Marblehead, MA. She is a pediatric neuropsychologist who specializes in assessing children, adolescents, and adults with learning differences (e.g., dyslexia), executive functioning deficits, inattention, anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, and other developmental/ medical conditions (e.g., developmental delays, prematurity/low birth weight, concussion). Her goal is to help identify a child’s unique strengths and challenges and to advocate for the best way to support each child emotionally, socially, and academically.
Dr. Schneider is the owner and founder of Essex Pediatric Neuropsychology in Marblehead, MA. She is a pediatric neuropsychologist who specializes in assessing children, adolescents, and adults with learning differences (e.g., dyslexia), executive functioning deficits, inattention, anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, and other developmental/ medical conditions (e.g., developmental delays, prematurity/low birth weight, concussion). Her goal is to help identify a child’s unique strengths and challenges and to advocate for the best way to support each child emotionally, socially, and academically.
(339) 218-3204 View (339) 218-3204
Photo of Theodore Renard, LADC-I, LCSW, MSW, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Theodore Renard
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC-I, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marblehead, MA 01945
Waitlist for new clients
We all encounter many challenges in life. At times, these challenges can almost feel impossible to manage, or even unbearable. I have had the privilege of working with many people with a variety of challenges for the last ten years and take a modern and eclectic approach to helping others. I believe that we all have our own unique story with our own experiences and that investing in our growth and wellbeing should be a priority.
We all encounter many challenges in life. At times, these challenges can almost feel impossible to manage, or even unbearable. I have had the privilege of working with many people with a variety of challenges for the last ten years and take a modern and eclectic approach to helping others. I believe that we all have our own unique story with our own experiences and that investing in our growth and wellbeing should be a priority.
(339) 229-5715 View (339) 229-5715
Photo of Zhenique M Israelian-Dillon, MA, LMHC, CCTP, EMDRCIT, Counselor
Zhenique M Israelian-Dillon
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCTP, EMDRCIT
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945  (Online Only)
Mrs. Israelian-Dillon is a Child and Adolescent trauma specialist who treats anxiety and depression in patients by integrating several empirically evident approaches including EMDR. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is recognized by the World Health Organization, The American Psychiatric Association, The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense as the preferred method of reducing trauma. This specialized therapy helps our brains heal from a negative incident much like how our bodies heal when we are injured. Negative beliefs based in the past are released through bilateral brain stimulation.
Mrs. Israelian-Dillon is a Child and Adolescent trauma specialist who treats anxiety and depression in patients by integrating several empirically evident approaches including EMDR. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is recognized by the World Health Organization, The American Psychiatric Association, The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense as the preferred method of reducing trauma. This specialized therapy helps our brains heal from a negative incident much like how our bodies heal when we are injured. Negative beliefs based in the past are released through bilateral brain stimulation.
(781) 797-4019 View (781) 797-4019
Martin Krugman, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Marblehead, MA 01945
I treat adults and seniors using cognitive-behavioral therapy. I also work with couples and family members as appropriate. I have had experience treating patients with anxiety, panic disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, physical and psychological trauma, strokes and brain injury, chronic illnesses, low self-esteem, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and executive function issues. I approach psychotherapy from a biological-psychological-social framework. Working within the theoretical framework of cognitive-behavioral therapy, I incorporate multiple strategies and techniques into my therapeutic practice, including mindfulness meditation.
I treat adults and seniors using cognitive-behavioral therapy. I also work with couples and family members as appropriate. I have had experience treating patients with anxiety, panic disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, physical and psychological trauma, strokes and brain injury, chronic illnesses, low self-esteem, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and executive function issues. I approach psychotherapy from a biological-psychological-social framework. Working within the theoretical framework of cognitive-behavioral therapy, I incorporate multiple strategies and techniques into my therapeutic practice, including mindfulness meditation.
(978) 767-9052 View (978) 767-9052
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Marblehead, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$157

Therapists in Marblehead, MA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
81% Coping Skills
79% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
54% Optum
49% Harvard Pilgrim

How Therapists in Marblehead, MA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
27% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Marblehead?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.