Therapists in Mesa, AZ

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Photo of Anna Binting, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anna Binting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85206  (Online Only)
As humans, we strive to feel safe, heard, and understood. Without these three components, we may be left feeling lost, broken, or insufficient as an individual. In session, I aim to provide a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic environment to explore the obstacles that are keeping you from living a more meaningful life. I’m trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.
As humans, we strive to feel safe, heard, and understood. Without these three components, we may be left feeling lost, broken, or insufficient as an individual. In session, I aim to provide a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic environment to explore the obstacles that are keeping you from living a more meaningful life. I’m trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.
(480) 526-4235 View (480) 526-4235
Photo of Teddy D. McDonald, MS, LAC, Counselor
Teddy D. McDonald
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85212  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is looking for a counselor to provide a safe and judgement free environment, to be able to tell their story in their own words and at their own pace. A goal for my ideal client would be for them to leave my office feeling as though they have a better grasp on their mental health, and that mental healing is possible.
My ideal client is someone who is looking for a counselor to provide a safe and judgement free environment, to be able to tell their story in their own words and at their own pace. A goal for my ideal client would be for them to leave my office feeling as though they have a better grasp on their mental health, and that mental healing is possible.
(480) 360-5009 x706 View (480) 360-5009 x706
Photo of Andrew E. Henry - Andrew E. Henry, MA, LPC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrew E. Henry, MA, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85209
Waitlist for new clients
Unlock Your Mind and Transform Your Life with Expert Counseling in Arizona. Are you feeling trapped by past events that seem impossible to change? I'm here to help you break free and create positive change in your mind and body. As a licensed counselor, I specialize in empowering individuals to confront and overcome their inner obstacles. Here's how I can assist you: Access and safely address lingering events that may be holding you back. Collaborate with you to set personalized goals for your treatment journey.
Unlock Your Mind and Transform Your Life with Expert Counseling in Arizona. Are you feeling trapped by past events that seem impossible to change? I'm here to help you break free and create positive change in your mind and body. As a licensed counselor, I specialize in empowering individuals to confront and overcome their inner obstacles. Here's how I can assist you: Access and safely address lingering events that may be holding you back. Collaborate with you to set personalized goals for your treatment journey.
(480) 351-6038 View (480) 351-6038
Photo of Jodi Patton, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jodi Patton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85209
Jodi is a therapist for mental healthcare provider Fusion Care Group. Fusion Care Group is changing the way people think about and receive mental health service and support. We offer a welcoming and accepting environment where you can feel calm and comfortable while in our care. Our relaxed, modern atmosphere and our amazing, highly trained Psychologists, Psychiatrists and therapists are here for you. Our hope is to provide a place to help our clients achieve their life goals, explore life-circumstances, move through difficult life transitions.
Jodi is a therapist for mental healthcare provider Fusion Care Group. Fusion Care Group is changing the way people think about and receive mental health service and support. We offer a welcoming and accepting environment where you can feel calm and comfortable while in our care. Our relaxed, modern atmosphere and our amazing, highly trained Psychologists, Psychiatrists and therapists are here for you. Our hope is to provide a place to help our clients achieve their life goals, explore life-circumstances, move through difficult life transitions.
(928) 325-2452 View (928) 325-2452
Photo of Lisa Plumb, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Plumb
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85204
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with emotional pain or relationship difficulties? Life can be overwhelming sometimes. My experience as a professional, along with my life experience, has prepared me to be able to confidently share what works to heal these issues. You can learn to make healthier choices and increase peaceful communication with yourself and others. I'm excited to be helpful in your process. My passion is helping people find and master solutions that work for them. I use interventions and tools, based on science, that work to empower you to resolve and heal issues even after therapy.
Are you struggling with emotional pain or relationship difficulties? Life can be overwhelming sometimes. My experience as a professional, along with my life experience, has prepared me to be able to confidently share what works to heal these issues. You can learn to make healthier choices and increase peaceful communication with yourself and others. I'm excited to be helpful in your process. My passion is helping people find and master solutions that work for them. I use interventions and tools, based on science, that work to empower you to resolve and heal issues even after therapy.
(480) 452-0087 View (480) 452-0087
Photo of Karen Ihrig, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Ihrig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85201
Are you holding pain, grief, rejection, shame and heartbreak? Do your emotions feel intolerable, endless and unmanageable? Do you feel lonely and that you don't belong? Do you put pressure on yourself to change, only to feel more stuck and defeated? Do you care for everyone else before yourself, only to feel resentful and burnt out? If this sounds like your experience, please know that you are not alone in this. As your therapist, I will be with you in this dark season. Together we will walk toward brighter days. At Here With You Therapy, we offer relational therapy that gently invites you back home to yourself.
Are you holding pain, grief, rejection, shame and heartbreak? Do your emotions feel intolerable, endless and unmanageable? Do you feel lonely and that you don't belong? Do you put pressure on yourself to change, only to feel more stuck and defeated? Do you care for everyone else before yourself, only to feel resentful and burnt out? If this sounds like your experience, please know that you are not alone in this. As your therapist, I will be with you in this dark season. Together we will walk toward brighter days. At Here With You Therapy, we offer relational therapy that gently invites you back home to yourself.
(623) 304-9729 View (623) 304-9729
Photo of Jessica A Jacupke, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica A Jacupke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85206
As a therapist, I work to create an environment where my clients feel heard, accepted, and understood. I have a friendly demeanor and have always enjoyed helping people. I believe that building a strong therapeutic relationship, through empathy, compassion, and mutual trust is key to helping individuals feel safe in order to work through sensitive issues. My aim is to work together with my clients to explore areas they want to address and then together develop a plan to improve their lives.
As a therapist, I work to create an environment where my clients feel heard, accepted, and understood. I have a friendly demeanor and have always enjoyed helping people. I believe that building a strong therapeutic relationship, through empathy, compassion, and mutual trust is key to helping individuals feel safe in order to work through sensitive issues. My aim is to work together with my clients to explore areas they want to address and then together develop a plan to improve their lives.
(480) 418-7161 View (480) 418-7161
Photo of Jennifer Thompson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85209  (Online Only)
Jennifer Thompson is a Licensed Professional Counselor with extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families facing challenging life situations. She works collaboratively with clients to gain control over issues that can feel overwhelming – including anxiety, anger, depression, trauma, self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties, LGBTQ+, ADHD, and life transitions.
Jennifer Thompson is a Licensed Professional Counselor with extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families facing challenging life situations. She works collaboratively with clients to gain control over issues that can feel overwhelming – including anxiety, anger, depression, trauma, self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties, LGBTQ+, ADHD, and life transitions.
(928) 263-6607 View (928) 263-6607
Photo of Kiersten Wells, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kiersten Wells
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85210
The stories we tell ourselves about ourselves hold enormous power. You may be feeling stuck, disconnected or hopeless due to stressful life changes, family conflict, unhealthy coping patterns or things that have happened in your past. Learning to find the power of your inner voice and take control of your life story can create new ways of viewing yourself and the world. This can restore peace within your mind, body and relationships with others.
The stories we tell ourselves about ourselves hold enormous power. You may be feeling stuck, disconnected or hopeless due to stressful life changes, family conflict, unhealthy coping patterns or things that have happened in your past. Learning to find the power of your inner voice and take control of your life story can create new ways of viewing yourself and the world. This can restore peace within your mind, body and relationships with others.
(480) 618-7652 View (480) 618-7652
Photo of Dow Glenn Ostlund, CIT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dow Glenn Ostlund
Pre-Licensed Professional, CIT
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85210
Do you feel held back by anxiety, depression or trauma? Are you ready to actively address these struggles through self-discovery? I’m here to support you with a holistic approach tailored specifically to your unique experiences and goals, combining mindfulness, guided meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and NLP. By carefully integrating these methods to your individual needs, we will uncover and reframe the beliefs that shape your world, whether they are rooted in religious, spiritual, or secular perspectives. This process will bring you greater clarity, acceptance, and empowerment, providing you with renewed confidence.
Do you feel held back by anxiety, depression or trauma? Are you ready to actively address these struggles through self-discovery? I’m here to support you with a holistic approach tailored specifically to your unique experiences and goals, combining mindfulness, guided meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and NLP. By carefully integrating these methods to your individual needs, we will uncover and reframe the beliefs that shape your world, whether they are rooted in religious, spiritual, or secular perspectives. This process will bring you greater clarity, acceptance, and empowerment, providing you with renewed confidence.
(928) 235-9196 View (928) 235-9196
Photo of Deborah M Johansen, MS, LPC, NCC, EFP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah M Johansen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, EFP
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85206
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Clinical Supervisor in AZ, I have gained over 35 years of “intrinsic value” helping adults, couples, and groups, manage stress, trauma, grief, mood, thoughts, various addiction cycles, suicidality, self-harm, reentry, and life transitions.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Clinical Supervisor in AZ, I have gained over 35 years of “intrinsic value” helping adults, couples, and groups, manage stress, trauma, grief, mood, thoughts, various addiction cycles, suicidality, self-harm, reentry, and life transitions.
(480) 608-5250 View (480) 608-5250
Photo of Jade Bruno, MAS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jade Bruno
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85207  (Online Only)
ATTENTION: PREGNANT AND NEW MAMAS! Did you know 1 in 5 women suffer from Postpartum Depression and Anxiety? Do any of these feelings sound familiar? Overwhelmed, GUILTY, racing thoughts, WORRIED.ALL. THE. TIME., exhausted, confused, irritated, angry, resentful towards your partner, family members and friends, feeling empty, nothing or NUMB, just knowing that something is NOT right, AFRAID to reach out for help?
ATTENTION: PREGNANT AND NEW MAMAS! Did you know 1 in 5 women suffer from Postpartum Depression and Anxiety? Do any of these feelings sound familiar? Overwhelmed, GUILTY, racing thoughts, WORRIED.ALL. THE. TIME., exhausted, confused, irritated, angry, resentful towards your partner, family members and friends, feeling empty, nothing or NUMB, just knowing that something is NOT right, AFRAID to reach out for help?
(480) 462-5524 View (480) 462-5524
Photo of Heidi Jones, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heidi Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85206
So glad you're here. I'm accepting, flexible and nonjudgmental. When deep emotional wounds and needs are tended to, we often function better because we feel better. We may find that we embrace unhelpful beliefs about ourselves and others after experiencing difficulties. Befriending and/or challenging the inner critic is essential and enlightening; this process will even be fun at times! Thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and environment are dynamically intertwined. There are several entry points of interruption to strategically approach life’s challenges, or “opportunities for excellence”. Small steps are preferred!
So glad you're here. I'm accepting, flexible and nonjudgmental. When deep emotional wounds and needs are tended to, we often function better because we feel better. We may find that we embrace unhelpful beliefs about ourselves and others after experiencing difficulties. Befriending and/or challenging the inner critic is essential and enlightening; this process will even be fun at times! Thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and environment are dynamically intertwined. There are several entry points of interruption to strategically approach life’s challenges, or “opportunities for excellence”. Small steps are preferred!
(480) 210-7691 View (480) 210-7691
Photo of Aria Germann, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aria Germann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85205  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients: Do you feel a little off? Are you tired of feeling sad, anxious, insecure, lonely or less motivated than normal? Honestly, you are not alone! Life is hard and these last couple of years have thrown everyone for a loop. However, you deserve to feel happiness and joy. I promise, you were not put on this earth to just make it through the day, and reaching out is the first step to moving toward a more fulfilling and rewarding life! As a LMSW, I have made it my mission to help adolescents and adults cope healthfully with life challenges. I know that the idea of therapy can be intimidating.
Accepting new clients: Do you feel a little off? Are you tired of feeling sad, anxious, insecure, lonely or less motivated than normal? Honestly, you are not alone! Life is hard and these last couple of years have thrown everyone for a loop. However, you deserve to feel happiness and joy. I promise, you were not put on this earth to just make it through the day, and reaching out is the first step to moving toward a more fulfilling and rewarding life! As a LMSW, I have made it my mission to help adolescents and adults cope healthfully with life challenges. I know that the idea of therapy can be intimidating.
(480) 526-9539 View (480) 526-9539
Photo of Ashley Kirkpatrick, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashley Kirkpatrick
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85209
My approach to therapy comes from both my life experiences as well as my educational background. I have been through life's struggles and done the work myself. I understand how difficult it can be to navigate the challenges that you are facing, and want to be here to support you, validate you, and lead you to an empowering experience that will create an environment that will allow you to find peace and healing.
My approach to therapy comes from both my life experiences as well as my educational background. I have been through life's struggles and done the work myself. I understand how difficult it can be to navigate the challenges that you are facing, and want to be here to support you, validate you, and lead you to an empowering experience that will create an environment that will allow you to find peace and healing.
(928) 767-6170 View (928) 767-6170
Photo of Nathan Verschaetse, PsyD, Psychologist
Nathan Verschaetse
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85202
The choice to enter therapy takes courage. I am confident that we can find a path through the difficulties that you are facing, even if you are unsure of the way forward. I believe that every individual has many unique strengths and that therapy can help you uncover and develop your strengths. I look forward to working with you.
The choice to enter therapy takes courage. I am confident that we can find a path through the difficulties that you are facing, even if you are unsure of the way forward. I believe that every individual has many unique strengths and that therapy can help you uncover and develop your strengths. I look forward to working with you.
(520) 636-5156 View (520) 636-5156
Photo of Sarah Simpson, LCSW, NPT-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Simpson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, NPT-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85204
Welcome! I’m Sarah Simpson, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and a doctoral student, dedicated to guiding individuals and couples through their unique journeys toward healing and connection. With a compassionate and holistic approach, I aim to create a safe space where you can explore your feelings, understand your experiences, and develop practical tools for growth. Therapeutic Approach: At Embodied Alignment Therapy, I integrate trauma-informed care with evidence-based therapies tailored to your needs. My focus is on fostering open communication, and building trust.
Welcome! I’m Sarah Simpson, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and a doctoral student, dedicated to guiding individuals and couples through their unique journeys toward healing and connection. With a compassionate and holistic approach, I aim to create a safe space where you can explore your feelings, understand your experiences, and develop practical tools for growth. Therapeutic Approach: At Embodied Alignment Therapy, I integrate trauma-informed care with evidence-based therapies tailored to your needs. My focus is on fostering open communication, and building trust.
(928) 493-0593 View (928) 493-0593
Photo of Rosalind Ricks, LAC, CRC, Counselor
Rosalind Ricks
Counselor, LAC, CRC
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85209
Much of my experience has been with people with autism, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and mental health concerns to achieve career goals. My current role allows me to help children, youth, adults of all ages to deal with any of the many issues that can make life confusing, complicated, or difficult. It is a profound process to sort through and make sense of complex issues, uncover answers and insights, and find personal strength – a process I feel honored to walk through together with my clients.
Much of my experience has been with people with autism, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and mental health concerns to achieve career goals. My current role allows me to help children, youth, adults of all ages to deal with any of the many issues that can make life confusing, complicated, or difficult. It is a profound process to sort through and make sense of complex issues, uncover answers and insights, and find personal strength – a process I feel honored to walk through together with my clients.
(480) 725-6211 View (480) 725-6211
Photo of Kailah Dejurnett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kailah Dejurnett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85204  (Online Only)
Congratulations for taking the first step towards change! I utilize many different methods with clients during sessions (art therapy, narrative therapy, trauma focused therapy, positive psychology, videos, worksheets, etc.) Change does take work but it can happen! I sometimes give homework to help my clients achieve their goals.I mainly work with adults and adolescents (13+) as individuals and as couples (couples counseling includes a guardian/parent and adolescent minor,
Congratulations for taking the first step towards change! I utilize many different methods with clients during sessions (art therapy, narrative therapy, trauma focused therapy, positive psychology, videos, worksheets, etc.) Change does take work but it can happen! I sometimes give homework to help my clients achieve their goals.I mainly work with adults and adolescents (13+) as individuals and as couples (couples counseling includes a guardian/parent and adolescent minor,
(480) 462-7662 View (480) 462-7662
Photo of Elizabeth Brooks Gollobin, MA, MS, DMHC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Brooks Gollobin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MS, DMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85206  (Online Only)
In my experience, we all find ourselves stumbling in life in some way or another. I have extensive training and experience working with clients that struggle with self harm, suffer from depression and anxiety, struggle with low self esteem, are working through couple and family conflicts, feel swallowed by shame and/or guilt, and are stumbling on their journey towards healing, self acceptance, and happiness. My role is to be the therapeutic resource that brings the overflowing tool box of options to use on your journey. Together, as a team, we find and follow what works best for you to meet your therapeutic goals.
In my experience, we all find ourselves stumbling in life in some way or another. I have extensive training and experience working with clients that struggle with self harm, suffer from depression and anxiety, struggle with low self esteem, are working through couple and family conflicts, feel swallowed by shame and/or guilt, and are stumbling on their journey towards healing, self acceptance, and happiness. My role is to be the therapeutic resource that brings the overflowing tool box of options to use on your journey. Together, as a team, we find and follow what works best for you to meet your therapeutic goals.
(480) 923-4872 View (480) 923-4872
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Mesa, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Mesa, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
66% Relationship Issues
66% Self Esteem
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
75% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Mesa, AZ see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Mesa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.