Photo of Street Russell, PsyD, HSSP, Psychologist
Street Russell
Psychologist, PsyD, HSSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
Prior to that, I was Associate Director of the Louisville OCD Clinic for 7 years.
Are you tired of your struggle with anxiety? Do you worry or obsess excessively? I specialize in providing treatment for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD), social anxiety, and phobias to children, teens, and adults. I also work with individuals who suffer from depression, tic-related disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and skin-picking disorder (excoriation). I specialize in using the gold standard treatment for OCD: exposure with response prevention (ERP). I specialize in using Acceptance & Commitment Therapy to treat OCD & the above-mentioned conditions.
Prior to that, I was Associate Director of the Louisville OCD Clinic for 7 years.
Are you tired of your struggle with anxiety? Do you worry or obsess excessively? I specialize in providing treatment for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD), social anxiety, and phobias to children, teens, and adults. I also work with individuals who suffer from depression, tic-related disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and skin-picking disorder (excoriation). I specialize in using the gold standard treatment for OCD: exposure with response prevention (ERP). I specialize in using Acceptance & Commitment Therapy to treat OCD & the above-mentioned conditions.
(502) 443-1196 View (502) 443-1196
Photo of Anna Marie Ortiz, PhD, Psychologist
Anna Marie Ortiz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243  (Online Only)
Hi there! I'm Dr. Anna Marie Ortiz. I'm a licensed psychologist. My training has been centered around treating eating disorders and I specialize in eating disorders across the lifespan. I am also trained in treating OCD, trauma, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders.
Hi there! I'm Dr. Anna Marie Ortiz. I'm a licensed psychologist. My training has been centered around treating eating disorders and I specialize in eating disorders across the lifespan. I am also trained in treating OCD, trauma, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders.
(502) 383-5671 View (502) 383-5671
Photo of Oksana Zhurbich, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Oksana Zhurbich
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40241
Is your child experiencing high levels of anxiety? Does your child experience fear or have a hard time separating from their parents? Are they anxious in social situations or speaking in front of others? Have they ever been diagnosed with anxiety, panic, or OCD? Do you struggle with parenting an anxious child? If so, I can assist you. Visit www.kycards.com for more information.
Is your child experiencing high levels of anxiety? Does your child experience fear or have a hard time separating from their parents? Are they anxious in social situations or speaking in front of others? Have they ever been diagnosed with anxiety, panic, or OCD? Do you struggle with parenting an anxious child? If so, I can assist you. Visit www.kycards.com for more information.
(502) 230-4686 View (502) 230-4686
Photo of Brenna Epifano, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brenna Epifano
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40243
Dr. Brenna graduated with a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Louisville and completed her internship at the Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston, WV. She has experience working with individuals with disordered eating, body image concerns, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and personality disorder across multiple settings. She aims to foster a compassionate and authentic space to process difficult thoughts and emotions in the therapy room. Her ultimate goal is to help those she work with address their symptoms and cultivate a life-worth living.
Dr. Brenna graduated with a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Louisville and completed her internship at the Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston, WV. She has experience working with individuals with disordered eating, body image concerns, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and personality disorder across multiple settings. She aims to foster a compassionate and authentic space to process difficult thoughts and emotions in the therapy room. Her ultimate goal is to help those she work with address their symptoms and cultivate a life-worth living.
(502) 237-7720 View (502) 237-7720
Photo of Chelsea Mitchell, PsyD, Psychologist
Chelsea Mitchell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40241
Does your child or teenager appear anxious, irritable, or distant? Have they experienced a traumatic event? Do you find your current parenting strategies are ineffective? As a Clinical Psychologist, I provide cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) that is research-based and time-limited. My speciality areas include obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety, panic and agoraphobia, separation anxiety, specific phobia's, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Does your child or teenager appear anxious, irritable, or distant? Have they experienced a traumatic event? Do you find your current parenting strategies are ineffective? As a Clinical Psychologist, I provide cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) that is research-based and time-limited. My speciality areas include obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety, panic and agoraphobia, separation anxiety, specific phobia's, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
(502) 618-2060 View (502) 618-2060
Photo of Dr. Hayley Meadows, PhD, HSP, Psychologist
Dr. Hayley Meadows
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40243
- OPENINGS FOR NEW CLIENTS FALL 2024 - Do you struggle to control your anxiety or panic? Do you worry or obsesses excessively? I approach treatment from a compassionate, medical model, recognizing these are symptoms of illnesses to be managed. I specialize in treating children, teens, and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD), panic, and anxiety-related disorders. I also work with people with depression, ADHD, PTSD, and mild eating disorders. To help, I use evidence-based treatments like Exposure with Response-Prevention (ERP) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I also offer affirming care for the LGBTQIA+ community.
- OPENINGS FOR NEW CLIENTS FALL 2024 - Do you struggle to control your anxiety or panic? Do you worry or obsesses excessively? I approach treatment from a compassionate, medical model, recognizing these are symptoms of illnesses to be managed. I specialize in treating children, teens, and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD), panic, and anxiety-related disorders. I also work with people with depression, ADHD, PTSD, and mild eating disorders. To help, I use evidence-based treatments like Exposure with Response-Prevention (ERP) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I also offer affirming care for the LGBTQIA+ community.
(502) 236-9373 View (502) 236-9373
Photo of Alex Kelly, PhD, HSP, Psychologist
Alex Kelly
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
I specialize in evidence-based therapies for adults and children with a variety of presenting concerns, most notably Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, anxiety disorders, adjustment concerns, mood disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
Available to see new clients in Fall 2024! Are you looking to make a change in your life? I know change can be scary but I am eager to join you on your journey towards introspection, knowledge, and healing. Are you unsure about where to start? As a therapist, I value collaboration and together we can work on improving your coping skills, alleviating pain, building confidence, making important decisions, practicing self-care and adjusting to life changes. Together we can set your goals in motion!
I specialize in evidence-based therapies for adults and children with a variety of presenting concerns, most notably Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, anxiety disorders, adjustment concerns, mood disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
Available to see new clients in Fall 2024! Are you looking to make a change in your life? I know change can be scary but I am eager to join you on your journey towards introspection, knowledge, and healing. Are you unsure about where to start? As a therapist, I value collaboration and together we can work on improving your coping skills, alleviating pain, building confidence, making important decisions, practicing self-care and adjusting to life changes. Together we can set your goals in motion!
(859) 549-7717 View (859) 549-7717
Photo of Samantha Griffitts, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Samantha Griffitts
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40241
Samantha is particularly passionate about treating scrupulosity, or religious OCD.
Samantha Griffitts focuses on the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( OCD), and has training in Exposure and Response Prevention through NOCD. In addition to evidence-based treatment of OCD, Griffitts provides therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders, including Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Separation Anxiety, Specific Phobias, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
Samantha is particularly passionate about treating scrupulosity, or religious OCD.
Samantha Griffitts focuses on the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( OCD), and has training in Exposure and Response Prevention through NOCD. In addition to evidence-based treatment of OCD, Griffitts provides therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders, including Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Separation Anxiety, Specific Phobias, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
(502) 912-8727 View (502) 912-8727
Photo of Nate Mitchell, PhD, Psychologist
Nate Mitchell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Mitchell is a licensed psychologist who specializes in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with OCD, anxiety, or “nervous habits.
Is anxiety part of your life? Do you or your child struggle with uncertainty? Do you find yourself feeling like you have to do something over and over again to deal with stress and worry? Does your child miss school or complain of sickness often? Perhaps Dr. Nate Mitchell can help.
Mitchell is a licensed psychologist who specializes in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with OCD, anxiety, or “nervous habits.
Is anxiety part of your life? Do you or your child struggle with uncertainty? Do you find yourself feeling like you have to do something over and over again to deal with stress and worry? Does your child miss school or complain of sickness often? Perhaps Dr. Nate Mitchell can help.
(502) 472-7629 View (502) 472-7629
Photo of Katie H Smith, PsyD, Psychologist
Katie H Smith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Dr. Smith focuses her practice on treating a number of clinical issues including: anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and specific phobias), depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and traumatic events including abuse and domestic violence. Dr. Smith works with children who are having difficulty adjusting to life stressors including divorce, school environments, and peer relationship development. She assists children and teens in developing effective coping skills to manage their emotions and behaviors.
Dr. Smith focuses her practice on treating a number of clinical issues including: anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and specific phobias), depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and traumatic events including abuse and domestic violence. Dr. Smith works with children who are having difficulty adjusting to life stressors including divorce, school environments, and peer relationship development. She assists children and teens in developing effective coping skills to manage their emotions and behaviors.
(502) 653-8312 View (502) 653-8312
Photo of Jonathan Bauman, PsyD, Psychologist
Jonathan Bauman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40241
Is your child experiencing high levels of anxiety or have a phobia? Do they obsess about things and engage in compulsions in an effort to gain temporary relief? Do they obsess about actions being morally right or wrong? Are they anxious about speaking in front of others or afraid of performance situations? Do they worry more often than not? Do they have trouble separating from their parents? Have they been diagnosed with OCD, panic, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder or generalized anxiety disorder? If so, I can assist you. Visit www.kycards.com for more information.
Is your child experiencing high levels of anxiety or have a phobia? Do they obsess about things and engage in compulsions in an effort to gain temporary relief? Do they obsess about actions being morally right or wrong? Are they anxious about speaking in front of others or afraid of performance situations? Do they worry more often than not? Do they have trouble separating from their parents? Have they been diagnosed with OCD, panic, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder or generalized anxiety disorder? If so, I can assist you. Visit www.kycards.com for more information.
(502) 236-9076 View (502) 236-9076
Photo of Ashley Combs, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Combs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40223  (Online Only)
I have experience working with both children adults, who are dealing with a variety of life stressors and mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and issues related to trauma.
During difficult times in life, it can be helpful to have someone to provide support as you navigate life's challenges. My goal is to provide a peaceful and supportive environment and walk with you through whatever you may be facing, toward peace and healing.
I have experience working with both children adults, who are dealing with a variety of life stressors and mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and issues related to trauma.
During difficult times in life, it can be helpful to have someone to provide support as you navigate life's challenges. My goal is to provide a peaceful and supportive environment and walk with you through whatever you may be facing, toward peace and healing.
(502) 281-0708 View (502) 281-0708
Photo of Rachael Renshaw, BA, MEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Rachael Renshaw
Counselor, BA, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
I have intensive experience and specialize in treating the following mental health diagnoses: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Depression, OCD, codependency, and disordered eating.
What part of your life is the source of feelings of depression, anxiety, perfectionism, shame, or relational issues? It can be difficult to develop self awareness in which we can distinguish the root cause of poor quality of life. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is geared towards aiding clients in developing a self awareness of unhealthy thinking habits and behaviors and teaching thought stopping, mindfulness techniques, and replacement thoughts. I also utilize Dialectical Behavioral and Brief Solution Focused strategies, which aid clients in the most time efficient manner possible.
I have intensive experience and specialize in treating the following mental health diagnoses: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Depression, OCD, codependency, and disordered eating.
What part of your life is the source of feelings of depression, anxiety, perfectionism, shame, or relational issues? It can be difficult to develop self awareness in which we can distinguish the root cause of poor quality of life. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is geared towards aiding clients in developing a self awareness of unhealthy thinking habits and behaviors and teaching thought stopping, mindfulness techniques, and replacement thoughts. I also utilize Dialectical Behavioral and Brief Solution Focused strategies, which aid clients in the most time efficient manner possible.
(859) 353-6796 View (859) 353-6796
Photo of Dr. Irina Vanzhula, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Irina Vanzhula
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40243  (Online Only)
If you are not sure whether you have an eating disorder, anxiety, OCD, or PTSD, please reach out.
Immediate availability. I offer personalized quality care for all eating disorders (Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge Eating Disorder, ARFID or picky eating, and emetophobia or fear of vomiting), Anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. I also work with those who experience GI symptoms related to anxiety. I will teach you coping skills to deal with fear, anxiety, guilt, disgust, sadness, and intrusive thoughts. I will also help you stop doing unwanted behaviors driven by these emotions and thoughts. My style is a combination of warm, supportive, and directive. In my work with eating disorders, I practice acceptance of all body sizes and shapes.
If you are not sure whether you have an eating disorder, anxiety, OCD, or PTSD, please reach out.
Immediate availability. I offer personalized quality care for all eating disorders (Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge Eating Disorder, ARFID or picky eating, and emetophobia or fear of vomiting), Anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. I also work with those who experience GI symptoms related to anxiety. I will teach you coping skills to deal with fear, anxiety, guilt, disgust, sadness, and intrusive thoughts. I will also help you stop doing unwanted behaviors driven by these emotions and thoughts. My style is a combination of warm, supportive, and directive. In my work with eating disorders, I practice acceptance of all body sizes and shapes.
(502) 726-4092 View (502) 726-4092
Photo of Kelly McGraw Browning, PsyD, Psychologist
Kelly McGraw Browning
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40241
I have worked extensively with pediatric anxiety disorders including: social anxiety, OCD, generalized anxiety, selective mutism and phobias.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in Louisville, KY specializing in children, adolescents and families. In 2006, I founded Pediatric Psychological Associates, a private practice dedicated to helping children from their earliest years through their challenging teens. Prior to private practice, I served as a pediatric psychologist and assistant professor of pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. I work with children and teens with a variety of emotional, behavioral, developmental and social problems. I have specific expertise in the area of pediatric anxiety and pediatric health psychology.
I have worked extensively with pediatric anxiety disorders including: social anxiety, OCD, generalized anxiety, selective mutism and phobias.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in Louisville, KY specializing in children, adolescents and families. In 2006, I founded Pediatric Psychological Associates, a private practice dedicated to helping children from their earliest years through their challenging teens. Prior to private practice, I served as a pediatric psychologist and assistant professor of pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. I work with children and teens with a variety of emotional, behavioral, developmental and social problems. I have specific expertise in the area of pediatric anxiety and pediatric health psychology.
(502) 324-3971 View (502) 324-3971
Photo of Barbara Hedspeth, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Hedspeth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders and mild to moderate OCD, as well as trauma and depression. My experience tells me that these conditions are highly treatable with the right approach. My primary method is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is a proven evidence based treatment for these problems. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and Cognitive Processing Therapy for the treatment of trauma. My style is direct, supportive and goal oriented with emphasis on what the client wants to work on. I use humor as well!
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders and mild to moderate OCD, as well as trauma and depression. My experience tells me that these conditions are highly treatable with the right approach. My primary method is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is a proven evidence based treatment for these problems. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and Cognitive Processing Therapy for the treatment of trauma. My style is direct, supportive and goal oriented with emphasis on what the client wants to work on. I use humor as well!
(502) 385-2488 View (502) 385-2488
Photo of Stephanie Evans, PhD, Psychologist
Stephanie Evans
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40243
I am a pediatric psychologist with 25 years experience in the field of mental health, having worked exclusively with children and teens for the past 20 years. I have experience in treating a wide range of problems, but I am especially skilled in working with those who are neurodivergent (ASD, ADHD) as well as children who struggle with anxiety, OCD, social delays and sensory issues. I will work with you and your child to help clarify goals for treatment. I believe that treatment should be individualized to the needs of both the client and the family, that uniqueness should be celebrated and that strengths should be built upon.
I am a pediatric psychologist with 25 years experience in the field of mental health, having worked exclusively with children and teens for the past 20 years. I have experience in treating a wide range of problems, but I am especially skilled in working with those who are neurodivergent (ASD, ADHD) as well as children who struggle with anxiety, OCD, social delays and sensory issues. I will work with you and your child to help clarify goals for treatment. I believe that treatment should be individualized to the needs of both the client and the family, that uniqueness should be celebrated and that strengths should be built upon.
(502) 842-4751 View (502) 842-4751
Photo of Katelyn D Mensing - Blue Moon Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Blue Moon Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40203
We treat people who have childhood trauma, abuse/neglect, PTSD, OCD, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and dissociation. We will treat the source of your symptoms using the best therapies out there (EMDR, Brainspotting, Flash, Internal Family Systems, and Ego State Therapy). You will be able to break cycles, feel more calm, quiet your anger, talk to people with ease, have more peaceful relationships, stand up to others, think before you react, have more control over yourself, go to sleep at night without being in your head, and so much more. Your life will start to feel as if you put on a new pair of glasses.
We treat people who have childhood trauma, abuse/neglect, PTSD, OCD, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and dissociation. We will treat the source of your symptoms using the best therapies out there (EMDR, Brainspotting, Flash, Internal Family Systems, and Ego State Therapy). You will be able to break cycles, feel more calm, quiet your anger, talk to people with ease, have more peaceful relationships, stand up to others, think before you react, have more control over yourself, go to sleep at night without being in your head, and so much more. Your life will start to feel as if you put on a new pair of glasses.
(502) 836-0759 View (502) 836-0759
Photo of Jennifer Lanham, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Lanham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
I provide Individual and Family Therapy specializing in trauma, substance use, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, depression, and bipolar.
As a professor of clinical social work and a cancer survivor, I integrate professional expertise and personal experience into my therapeutic approach. I specialize in evidence-based care for individuals and families, addressing challenges such as trauma, anxiety, and life transitions. My practice prioritizes creating a safe, supportive environment where clients can explore their concerns and develop strategies tailored to their needs. I focus on identifying strengths and collaboratively working toward practical solutions to promote mental health and well-being.
I provide Individual and Family Therapy specializing in trauma, substance use, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, depression, and bipolar.
As a professor of clinical social work and a cancer survivor, I integrate professional expertise and personal experience into my therapeutic approach. I specialize in evidence-based care for individuals and families, addressing challenges such as trauma, anxiety, and life transitions. My practice prioritizes creating a safe, supportive environment where clients can explore their concerns and develop strategies tailored to their needs. I focus on identifying strengths and collaboratively working toward practical solutions to promote mental health and well-being.
(502) 747-1693 View (502) 747-1693
Photo of Amy Beddow, MS, LPCA, Counselor
Amy Beddow
Counselor, MS, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40299  (Online Only)
Do you worry more often than not? In today’s fast paced society, our mental health takes a backseat. We have a tendency to put everything above our mental health, our career, family, finances, others and more. Embracing your mental health with therapy is a beneficial way to nourish your mind and life. I specialize in child and adolescent counseling as well as First Responder counseling. My area of focus is Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Mood disorders, Grief and loss, Trauma-informed therapy, Parenting / Co-parenting, OCD and Addiction.
Do you worry more often than not? In today’s fast paced society, our mental health takes a backseat. We have a tendency to put everything above our mental health, our career, family, finances, others and more. Embracing your mental health with therapy is a beneficial way to nourish your mind and life. I specialize in child and adolescent counseling as well as First Responder counseling. My area of focus is Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Mood disorders, Grief and loss, Trauma-informed therapy, Parenting / Co-parenting, OCD and Addiction.
(270) 560-0339 View (270) 560-0339
Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Therapists

How long does OCD treatment take?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often treated on a weekly or twice-weekly schedule, depending on symptom severity and the client’s preferences. Some clients may start to see a noticeable improvement in symptoms in as little as six weeks, but it’s also possible, especially in more severe cases, for treatment to take several months to a year before significant progress is made.

What happens if OCD is not treated?

Some people with OCD, especially those with mild symptoms, may find that they are able to adapt reasonably well to life with the condition, even if their symptoms never resolve completely. However, many people, particularly those whose symptoms are severe at the outset, find that their obsessions and compulsions grow more intrusive with time, making it harder to maintain relationships, hold down a job, or navigate the world successfully.

Are there medications for OCD?

Medication can be used to treat OCD. The class of drugs most often prescribed are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which include fluvoxamine (under the brand name Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft), among others. In cases of treatment-resistant OCD, other classes of medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants or atypical antipsychotics, may be prescribed. Medication is frequently used in conjunction with therapy.

Can OCD come back after treatment?

Yes. Major life transitions, periods of stress, or other factors can cause symptoms to return or, if they were never fully eradicated, to ramp back up in intensity. For some, these relapses are brief and do not require additional treatment; identifying specific triggers and practicing the skills learned in therapy can help speed their course. For others, returning to therapy for a brief period can help address the underlying stress and strengthen coping mechanisms.