Depression Therapists in Beaver Dam, KY

Photo of Amy Beddow, MS, LPCA, Counselor
Amy Beddow
Counselor, MS, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beaver Dam, KY 42320  (Online Only)
Do you worry more often than not? In today’s fast paced society, our mental health takes a backseat. We have a tendency to put everything above our mental health, our career, family, finances, others and more. Embracing your mental health with therapy is a beneficial way to nourish your mind and life. I specialize in child and adolescent counseling as well as First Responder counseling. My area of focus is Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Mood disorders, Grief and loss, Trauma-informed therapy, Parenting / Co-parenting, OCD and Addiction.
Do you worry more often than not? In today’s fast paced society, our mental health takes a backseat. We have a tendency to put everything above our mental health, our career, family, finances, others and more. Embracing your mental health with therapy is a beneficial way to nourish your mind and life. I specialize in child and adolescent counseling as well as First Responder counseling. My area of focus is Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Mood disorders, Grief and loss, Trauma-informed therapy, Parenting / Co-parenting, OCD and Addiction.
(270) 560-0339 View (270) 560-0339
Photo of Ivory S. Howell - Ivory Howell Counseling, LLC, LPCC
Ivory Howell Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beaver Dam, KY 42320
While I specialize in the treatment of trauma-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression, I am trained to address a range of mental health issues.
I practice therapy from the premise that our thinking patterns are generally what control our moods. If we want to feel better, we must think better. In order to help clients lead manageable, healthy lives, I teach methods by which to modify or replace problematic thinking, and I foster a supportive environment in which clients may grow within the framework of their own values and goals. If it bothers you, I believe it is worth talking about.
While I specialize in the treatment of trauma-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression, I am trained to address a range of mental health issues.
I practice therapy from the premise that our thinking patterns are generally what control our moods. If we want to feel better, we must think better. In order to help clients lead manageable, healthy lives, I teach methods by which to modify or replace problematic thinking, and I foster a supportive environment in which clients may grow within the framework of their own values and goals. If it bothers you, I believe it is worth talking about.
(270) 859-0728 View (270) 859-0728
Photo of Wendy Russell, LPCC, NCC
Wendy Russell
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Beaver Dam, KY 42320
Not accepting new clients
Wendy graduated with a Master's degree in Counseling from Western Kentucky University in 2011 and is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). She is a Christian, wife, mother and therapist. Wendy has worked in a variety of therapeutic settings, each one enriching and building on her professional experience. Wendy believes that anyone can benefit from talking with an unbiased, empathetic listener to help sort through life's challenges, whether they be big or small. She uses an array of approaches and techniques to help meet her client's needs.
Wendy graduated with a Master's degree in Counseling from Western Kentucky University in 2011 and is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). She is a Christian, wife, mother and therapist. Wendy has worked in a variety of therapeutic settings, each one enriching and building on her professional experience. Wendy believes that anyone can benefit from talking with an unbiased, empathetic listener to help sort through life's challenges, whether they be big or small. She uses an array of approaches and techniques to help meet her client's needs.
(270) 214-2574 View (270) 214-2574
Photo of McKena Tichenor Campbell, MEd, LPCC, Counselor
McKena Tichenor Campbell
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Beaver Dam, KY 42320
Not accepting new clients
There are times throughout our life when challenges arise and we struggle to face them alone. No matter what stage of life you are at, asking for help is not easy. Once you become brave enough to take that next step and let your guard down, finding the right support is next! I hope that based off my own personal experiences, education, and continued professional training I can be that support. My goal isn't to give you the answers but to help guide you towards taking the steps to become a better version of YOU!
There are times throughout our life when challenges arise and we struggle to face them alone. No matter what stage of life you are at, asking for help is not easy. Once you become brave enough to take that next step and let your guard down, finding the right support is next! I hope that based off my own personal experiences, education, and continued professional training I can be that support. My goal isn't to give you the answers but to help guide you towards taking the steps to become a better version of YOU!
(270) 479-6922 View (270) 479-6922

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Doris Ann Green, LPCC -S
Doris Ann Green
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC -S
Verified Verified
Hartford, KY 42347
I provide services for anxiety and panic disorder, depression and bipolar disorder, grief therapy, anger management, weight loss management, chronic pain management, smoking cessation, ADHD and I also provide couples counseling.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with over 20 years of experience. I will use various types of therapies and techniques to help you change unhealthy behaviors depending on the problems encountered. I will work with you no matter your age and will promote goal setting to help you become the person you are striving to be. I will work with you to help you resolve issues and rekindle your dreams.
I provide services for anxiety and panic disorder, depression and bipolar disorder, grief therapy, anger management, weight loss management, chronic pain management, smoking cessation, ADHD and I also provide couples counseling.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with over 20 years of experience. I will use various types of therapies and techniques to help you change unhealthy behaviors depending on the problems encountered. I will work with you no matter your age and will promote goal setting to help you become the person you are striving to be. I will work with you to help you resolve issues and rekindle your dreams.
(270) 946-1514 View (270) 946-1514
Photo of Julie Boswell Johnson, MEd, LPCC, LPATA
Julie Boswell Johnson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, LPATA
Verified Verified
Hartford, KY 42347
Waitlist for new clients
Specialities include: suicide prevention, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, post-partum issues, trauma and/or dissociative disorders (certified in EMDR), grief and loss, and guidance with common life stressors.
Learn from the past, live for today, and hope for tomorrow! I am passionate about helping people and would love to help you in your journey! Trust is the key ingredient to counseling and I know that often the hardest part is asking for help. My goal is to empower people, focusing on strengths to achieve full potential and wellness. I have over 17 years of experience counseling and am a LPCC and LPATA, earning my Bachelor's degree in Psychology from UK in 2002 and my Master's degree in Counseling with concentration in Art Therapy from UofL in 2005.
Specialities include: suicide prevention, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, post-partum issues, trauma and/or dissociative disorders (certified in EMDR), grief and loss, and guidance with common life stressors.
Learn from the past, live for today, and hope for tomorrow! I am passionate about helping people and would love to help you in your journey! Trust is the key ingredient to counseling and I know that often the hardest part is asking for help. My goal is to empower people, focusing on strengths to achieve full potential and wellness. I have over 17 years of experience counseling and am a LPCC and LPATA, earning my Bachelor's degree in Psychology from UK in 2002 and my Master's degree in Counseling with concentration in Art Therapy from UofL in 2005.
(270) 697-9512 View (270) 697-9512
Photo of Steven Wright, MA, Pastoral Counselor
Steven Wright
Pastoral Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hartford, KY 42347
Everybody thinks your life is perfect. And you act like everything is wonderful. But deep down, it's a daily struggle just to keep it all together. Something's missing, and it has been for a while. Life isn't fun anymore. It feels like there's no joy left. And if we're being honest, this may be your last-ditch effort before throwing in the towel. When did it get this way? How did a life that was supposed to be happy begin to feel like a prison?
Everybody thinks your life is perfect. And you act like everything is wonderful. But deep down, it's a daily struggle just to keep it all together. Something's missing, and it has been for a while. Life isn't fun anymore. It feels like there's no joy left. And if we're being honest, this may be your last-ditch effort before throwing in the towel. When did it get this way? How did a life that was supposed to be happy begin to feel like a prison?
(270) 278-1235 View (270) 278-1235
Photo of Paulina Beddow, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Paulina Beddow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hartford, KY 42347  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Every person is navigating their own unique season in life. For some, this may be a time of great joy and fulfillment, while for others, it could be a period of profound challenges and uncertainty. In my role, I am here to walk alongside you, to truly understand your experiences, and to offer support and healing as you journey towards rediscovering yourself and embracing the best version of who you are.
Every person is navigating their own unique season in life. For some, this may be a time of great joy and fulfillment, while for others, it could be a period of profound challenges and uncertainty. In my role, I am here to walk alongside you, to truly understand your experiences, and to offer support and healing as you journey towards rediscovering yourself and embracing the best version of who you are.
(502) 325-3955 View (502) 325-3955

Online Therapists

Photo of Shereka Jackson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shereka Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218
I work with children, teens, and adults struggling with the impact of trauma, depression, domestic violence, and adjustment issues.
Are you struggling to cope with a traumatic event? Do you feel like life is beating you up? Are you feeling defeated before your day gets started? Life’s hardships can be difficult to maneuver and can cause a decline in day to day functioning. That decline may show up in mood changes, increased anxiety, difficulty connecting with others, or lack of interest in the things you once enjoyed. If you’re feeling like life is beating you, don’t fight that battle alone. You can overcome these hardships, take back your life, and prevail.
I work with children, teens, and adults struggling with the impact of trauma, depression, domestic violence, and adjustment issues.
Are you struggling to cope with a traumatic event? Do you feel like life is beating you up? Are you feeling defeated before your day gets started? Life’s hardships can be difficult to maneuver and can cause a decline in day to day functioning. That decline may show up in mood changes, increased anxiety, difficulty connecting with others, or lack of interest in the things you once enjoyed. If you’re feeling like life is beating you, don’t fight that battle alone. You can overcome these hardships, take back your life, and prevail.
(502) 237-1145 View (502) 237-1145
Photo of Lea Ann Lafave, LPCC-S, RPT, ICST, NCC , Counselor
Lea Ann Lafave
Counselor, LPCC-S, RPT, ICST, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Elizabethtown, KY 42701
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel overwhelmed and stressed with life? Are your problems more than you can handle on your own? Are suffering from Anxiety, Depression, Anger, or other irritable moods? Do you feel stuck? Have you experienced a traumatic incident? Have you had any major life changes? Have you recently lost a loved one, friend, or relationship? Whatever your concerns are, you are not alone. I am committed to creating a safe and nonjudgmental atmosphere in which you can be supported in your efforts to change and heal.
Do you feel overwhelmed and stressed with life? Are your problems more than you can handle on your own? Are suffering from Anxiety, Depression, Anger, or other irritable moods? Do you feel stuck? Have you experienced a traumatic incident? Have you had any major life changes? Have you recently lost a loved one, friend, or relationship? Whatever your concerns are, you are not alone. I am committed to creating a safe and nonjudgmental atmosphere in which you can be supported in your efforts to change and heal.
(270) 975-3313 View (270) 975-3313
Photo of Nicholas Bach - Grace Psychological Services, LLC, PsyD
Grace Psychological Services, LLC
PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
We are psychologists specializing in Couples Counseling (premarital and marital), Individual Counseling, and Christian Counseling. As trained and experienced clinical psychologists, we are committed to the belief that fostering well-being includes paying attention to all parts of the self: physical, emotional, relational, and spiritual. We can help couples rebuild intimacy, repair communication, and recover from betrayals. For individuals, we can assess and provide therapy for anxiety, depression, panic attacks, trauma, relational issues, stress, and many other day-to-day issues.
We are psychologists specializing in Couples Counseling (premarital and marital), Individual Counseling, and Christian Counseling. As trained and experienced clinical psychologists, we are committed to the belief that fostering well-being includes paying attention to all parts of the self: physical, emotional, relational, and spiritual. We can help couples rebuild intimacy, repair communication, and recover from betrayals. For individuals, we can assess and provide therapy for anxiety, depression, panic attacks, trauma, relational issues, stress, and many other day-to-day issues.
(502) 513-7428 View (502) 513-7428
Photo of Laura Richards, LPCC, Counselor
Laura Richards
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40202  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Laura Richards and I'm a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Kentucky. I attended most of my education in Arizona and then finished up my Master's degree in Tennessee and I've been practicing for eight years. I love to help adults of all ages who either have a trauma history or are experiencing anxiety or depression.
Hi! My name is Laura Richards and I'm a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Kentucky. I attended most of my education in Arizona and then finished up my Master's degree in Tennessee and I've been practicing for eight years. I love to help adults of all ages who either have a trauma history or are experiencing anxiety or depression.
(859) 251-2107 View (859) 251-2107
Photo of Chad Foster, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chad Foster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owensboro, KY 42303  (Online Only)
Areas of emphasis with clients include PTSD, anxiety, depression, obsessive behaviors, paranoia, schizophrenia, and Bipolar disorder.
I fully believe that we all have the ability to be better, in many ways. We can learn to adjust , adapt, change, and be in control. We can learn to control our emotions, behaviors, actions, and thoughts. Awareness and mindfulness is attainable, we can learn this, and thus control the outcomes of our lives. We can't control the world around us, but we can control ourselves, and therefore, dictate how we live our lives, happy, and fulfilled. I earned a Bachelor and Master of Social Work degree from the University of Kentucky from years 1996-2001. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Kentucky.
Areas of emphasis with clients include PTSD, anxiety, depression, obsessive behaviors, paranoia, schizophrenia, and Bipolar disorder.
I fully believe that we all have the ability to be better, in many ways. We can learn to adjust , adapt, change, and be in control. We can learn to control our emotions, behaviors, actions, and thoughts. Awareness and mindfulness is attainable, we can learn this, and thus control the outcomes of our lives. We can't control the world around us, but we can control ourselves, and therefore, dictate how we live our lives, happy, and fulfilled. I earned a Bachelor and Master of Social Work degree from the University of Kentucky from years 1996-2001. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Kentucky.
(270) 216-5305 View (270) 216-5305
Photo of Phyllis Lonneman, LPCC
Phyllis Lonneman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40219  (Online Only)
I specialize addiction, adolescent & teen mental/behavioral health, anger management, antisocial behavior, anxiety, bipolar disorder, children's mental/behavioral health, depression, dissociative disorders, eating disorders and more.
Hello, my name is Phyllis Lonneman. I'm excited to meet you and help you with your therapy progress. My ideal client is cooperative, asks questions, sets goals, and can talk about everything honestly.
I specialize addiction, adolescent & teen mental/behavioral health, anger management, antisocial behavior, anxiety, bipolar disorder, children's mental/behavioral health, depression, dissociative disorders, eating disorders and more.
Hello, my name is Phyllis Lonneman. I'm excited to meet you and help you with your therapy progress. My ideal client is cooperative, asks questions, sets goals, and can talk about everything honestly.
(502) 401-1526 View (502) 401-1526
Photo of Laura M. Frey - Dr. Laura M. Frey, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Laura M. Frey
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
I specialize in problems related to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and self-harming behavior.
I am passionate about helping individuals manage their mental health so that they can experience peace in their lives and relationships. I received my doctorate in family science and a master's degree in marriage and family therapy from the University of Kentucky. I have a strong background in improving mental health and well-being in the context of relationships, especially when there is risk of self-harm. Many people define themselves and their family members in a limited way, often forgetting the vast potential that each person embodies.
I specialize in problems related to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and self-harming behavior.
I am passionate about helping individuals manage their mental health so that they can experience peace in their lives and relationships. I received my doctorate in family science and a master's degree in marriage and family therapy from the University of Kentucky. I have a strong background in improving mental health and well-being in the context of relationships, especially when there is risk of self-harm. Many people define themselves and their family members in a limited way, often forgetting the vast potential that each person embodies.
(502) 467-8445 View (502) 467-8445
Photo of Johnna Turnage, LPCC
Johnna Turnage
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bowling Green, KY 42101  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Johnna. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Kentucky and Tennessee. I have over 25 years of experience in college advising, adjunct faculty member, school based social work, school counseling, mental health therapy, group therapy and substance abuse counseling. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress, relationship issues and life transitions. I like working with adults ranging from 18 to 99 years of age. My focus is mainly depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, attachment, grief, relationship issues and life transitions.
Hello! My name is Johnna. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Kentucky and Tennessee. I have over 25 years of experience in college advising, adjunct faculty member, school based social work, school counseling, mental health therapy, group therapy and substance abuse counseling. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress, relationship issues and life transitions. I like working with adults ranging from 18 to 99 years of age. My focus is mainly depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, attachment, grief, relationship issues and life transitions.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Tiffany D'Alessandri, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany D'Alessandri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40202  (Online Only)
I have focused on treating anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and in need of a helping hand? Struggling with anxiety, past trauma, or parenting difficulties? Life's obstacles can be draining to navigate. I understand the difficulty and fear that comes with taking that initial step towards healing. In our sessions, I'll meet you where you are, providing compassionate support and evidence-based techniques. Together, we'll identify what's not working and chart a path towards a healthier, happier life.
I have focused on treating anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and in need of a helping hand? Struggling with anxiety, past trauma, or parenting difficulties? Life's obstacles can be draining to navigate. I understand the difficulty and fear that comes with taking that initial step towards healing. In our sessions, I'll meet you where you are, providing compassionate support and evidence-based techniques. Together, we'll identify what's not working and chart a path towards a healthier, happier life.
(859) 651-1227 View (859) 651-1227
Photo of Crystal Williams, LCSW, CSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Crystal Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40220
My field experience includes but not limited to, depression, anxiety, severe and persistent mental illness, stress management, school and work performance and grief and loss.
My ideal client is focused upon personal growth and healing. Someone who looks at their barriers, but also utilizes their strengths to overcome or minimize those barriers. My ideal client understands at times we all need help, and simply want someone to walk beside them on their journey. One of the most challenging things you may be faced with is trying to understand why you are the way you are, or why you behave the way you do. Instead, I want you to stop looking at your faults, your mistakes, the "what if's" and remember, one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story.
My field experience includes but not limited to, depression, anxiety, severe and persistent mental illness, stress management, school and work performance and grief and loss.
My ideal client is focused upon personal growth and healing. Someone who looks at their barriers, but also utilizes their strengths to overcome or minimize those barriers. My ideal client understands at times we all need help, and simply want someone to walk beside them on their journey. One of the most challenging things you may be faced with is trying to understand why you are the way you are, or why you behave the way you do. Instead, I want you to stop looking at your faults, your mistakes, the "what if's" and remember, one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story.
(502) 465-8178 View (502) 465-8178
Photo of Beth Marie Schweichler, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Beth Marie Schweichler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40205
I am a LCSW with more than twenty years of clinical experience working with individuals with severe mental illness, anxiety, depression, personality disorders, grief, and trauma. I also have more than ten years of experience supervising CSW's for licensure. My efforts are directed at supporting clients to find their own answers, gain insight and clarity, and ultimately promote their physical, mental, social, cultural, and spiritual wellbeing so that they may thrive.
I am a LCSW with more than twenty years of clinical experience working with individuals with severe mental illness, anxiety, depression, personality disorders, grief, and trauma. I also have more than ten years of experience supervising CSW's for licensure. My efforts are directed at supporting clients to find their own answers, gain insight and clarity, and ultimately promote their physical, mental, social, cultural, and spiritual wellbeing so that they may thrive.
(502) 427-1093 View (502) 427-1093
Photo of Ron Butler, LPCA, Counselor
Ron Butler
Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bowling Green, KY 42104
With over 10 years of experience specializing in substance abuse treatment and trauma, I am committed to helping clients heal from anxiety, depression, and other complex emotional challenges.
As a therapist, my ideal client is someone searching for a companion to join them on a journey of self-discovery and healing. They may feel unsure about therapy but are open-minded and willing to engage in the work. Often, they are feeling lost or uncertain about what lies ahead, yet they’ve found the courage to be vulnerable and take that first step toward growth and transformation.
With over 10 years of experience specializing in substance abuse treatment and trauma, I am committed to helping clients heal from anxiety, depression, and other complex emotional challenges.
As a therapist, my ideal client is someone searching for a companion to join them on a journey of self-discovery and healing. They may feel unsure about therapy but are open-minded and willing to engage in the work. Often, they are feeling lost or uncertain about what lies ahead, yet they’ve found the courage to be vulnerable and take that first step toward growth and transformation.
(270) 764-7602 View (270) 764-7602

See more therapy options for Beaver Dam

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.