Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Lauren Blackwood - Lauren Blackwood - EMDR Therapist, LICSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Blackwood - EMDR Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02135  (Online Only)
I specialize in anxiety, trauma, and ADHD. Tired of worrying and hyper-fixating on things you could have done better? Do you frequently shift into an anxious body and struggle to calm yourself down? Emotional challenges can be exhausting, with stress manifesting in overthinking, perfectionism, sleep issues, nausea, and panic attacks. You are not alone. Therapy can press the pause button on life and heal reoccurring patterns standing in your way. Growth happens when you have a warm therapist to help work through the hard stuff. I get that, and I place a premium on holding that safe space for you.
I specialize in anxiety, trauma, and ADHD. Tired of worrying and hyper-fixating on things you could have done better? Do you frequently shift into an anxious body and struggle to calm yourself down? Emotional challenges can be exhausting, with stress manifesting in overthinking, perfectionism, sleep issues, nausea, and panic attacks. You are not alone. Therapy can press the pause button on life and heal reoccurring patterns standing in your way. Growth happens when you have a warm therapist to help work through the hard stuff. I get that, and I place a premium on holding that safe space for you.
(781) 546-9302 View (781) 546-9302
Photo of Athena Weggler, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Athena Weggler
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Life can be filled with wonderful things and also many things that cause stress. Sometimes it can be hard to take time for yourself when the demands of others are in the forefront of your life. My passion is working with individuals with chronic health conditions. I also enjoy working with individuals with anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
Life can be filled with wonderful things and also many things that cause stress. Sometimes it can be hard to take time for yourself when the demands of others are in the forefront of your life. My passion is working with individuals with chronic health conditions. I also enjoy working with individuals with anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
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Photo of Kammeron Newton, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kammeron Newton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199
Hello, I am Kammeron and I’m currently working toward my Ph.D. in Social Work at Our Lady of the Lake University. I have earned my Bachelor's and Master's in Social Work at Indiana Wesleyan University. I have over 10 years of experience in Coaching, the last three years have been in Behavioral Health/Social Work. My favorite quote is, “Broken things can be fixed and healed. Nothing is too difficult or dirty to clean,” by Marika McCoola. This quote has become my mantra and I have dedicated my life to helping those who are broken, hurt, and filled with hidden sorrow over life-changing events.
Hello, I am Kammeron and I’m currently working toward my Ph.D. in Social Work at Our Lady of the Lake University. I have earned my Bachelor's and Master's in Social Work at Indiana Wesleyan University. I have over 10 years of experience in Coaching, the last three years have been in Behavioral Health/Social Work. My favorite quote is, “Broken things can be fixed and healed. Nothing is too difficult or dirty to clean,” by Marika McCoola. This quote has become my mantra and I have dedicated my life to helping those who are broken, hurt, and filled with hidden sorrow over life-changing events.
(703) 884-2521 View (703) 884-2521
Photo of Shane MacDonald - OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
OCD Specialist, Shane MacDonald, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
Our broad goal––of course––is “the end of unnecessary suffering.” Sound about right? While we all strive for this, I specialize in helping folks with a very-unique kind of suffering: OCD. I can tell you that few people understand the pain and complexity of OCD—(even most therapists). I will listen intently to your unique story. Just know that I can introduce you to an arsenal of tools that can help: mindfulness, ERP (exposure and response prevention) and on and on. Yes, thoughts can be “sticky.” But––with hard work––if (or when) those thoughts come back around…they can be as quiet & as harmless as a yellow post-it.
(617) 675-2000 View (617) 675-2000
Photo of Felicha Laforest - Through the Forest Counseling Inc., LMHC, Counselor
Through the Forest Counseling Inc.
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Yes, we are accepting new clients please email for an appointment!!! Phone calls will be returned Friday and Saturdays! Life is a journey that we are all on. While on this journey we can sometimes get turned around. This happens to many of us at one point or another. Sometimes it feels like a rut other times it feels overwhelming but clarity is ahead! At Through The Forest Counseling, we specialize in brief solution focus therapies that will assist you in getting to the root of the issue and start healing.
Yes, we are accepting new clients please email for an appointment!!! Phone calls will be returned Friday and Saturdays! Life is a journey that we are all on. While on this journey we can sometimes get turned around. This happens to many of us at one point or another. Sometimes it feels like a rut other times it feels overwhelming but clarity is ahead! At Through The Forest Counseling, we specialize in brief solution focus therapies that will assist you in getting to the root of the issue and start healing.
(617) 393-5436 View (617) 393-5436
Photo of Chiara Scully, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chiara Scully
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131
All people at some point will find themselves stuck, unsure of the path they are on or the choices they are making, or hoping to improve the relationships they are having with themselves and others. Therapy can be a useful space to help people unlock the solutions within themselves and foster positive changes, personal agency, and sense of self-worth. I offer therapy that is rooted in principles of flexibility, responsivity, collaboration, and creativity. We will clarify and work towards goals of your choosing, such as concrete behavioral changes, accessing resources, deepening emotional understanding, or improving relationships.
All people at some point will find themselves stuck, unsure of the path they are on or the choices they are making, or hoping to improve the relationships they are having with themselves and others. Therapy can be a useful space to help people unlock the solutions within themselves and foster positive changes, personal agency, and sense of self-worth. I offer therapy that is rooted in principles of flexibility, responsivity, collaboration, and creativity. We will clarify and work towards goals of your choosing, such as concrete behavioral changes, accessing resources, deepening emotional understanding, or improving relationships.
(857) 382-3212 View (857) 382-3212
Photo of Laura Fasciano, PsyD, Psychologist
Laura Fasciano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02210
Everyone deserves to live a life filled with pleasure, purpose, & meaning. Sometimes, we struggle with the inevitable difficulties of life & feel anxious, down, or stuck. I enjoy helping clients engage in self-exploration so they can stop struggling and start living the life they want to live. My specialties include mood and anxiety disorders, relationship issues, women's health issues, and difficult life transitions. I particularly enjoy working with college students and young adults.
Everyone deserves to live a life filled with pleasure, purpose, & meaning. Sometimes, we struggle with the inevitable difficulties of life & feel anxious, down, or stuck. I enjoy helping clients engage in self-exploration so they can stop struggling and start living the life they want to live. My specialties include mood and anxiety disorders, relationship issues, women's health issues, and difficult life transitions. I particularly enjoy working with college students and young adults.
(617) 648-7382 View (617) 648-7382
Photo of Rachael Gay, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachael Gay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker with many years of experience working with adults, adolescents, children, and families. I know that change is hard and seeking support is brave. It is a privilege to be alongside you in your journey towards becoming the person you want to be and living the life you want to live. Our therapy will be a space where it is okay to show up as your authentic self and share your feelings. We will collaborate to identify and work towards the changes you want to see in your life, brainstorm ways to overcome patterns you may feel stuck in, and support you in gaining the insight needed to foster progress.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with many years of experience working with adults, adolescents, children, and families. I know that change is hard and seeking support is brave. It is a privilege to be alongside you in your journey towards becoming the person you want to be and living the life you want to live. Our therapy will be a space where it is okay to show up as your authentic self and share your feelings. We will collaborate to identify and work towards the changes you want to see in your life, brainstorm ways to overcome patterns you may feel stuck in, and support you in gaining the insight needed to foster progress.
(781) 614-6819 View (781) 614-6819
Photo of Rashinda Key, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rashinda Key
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Are you constantly feeling overwhelmed and stressed?! I am committed to empowering communities of color to break free from cultural stigmas and live authentically. I understand the importance of considering the full self within every environment and believe in the power of community and connection in the healing process. Growing up, I understood the weight of the phrase "What happens in the home, stays in the home," but I have since embraced a philosophy that encourages openness and self-empowerment.
Are you constantly feeling overwhelmed and stressed?! I am committed to empowering communities of color to break free from cultural stigmas and live authentically. I understand the importance of considering the full self within every environment and believe in the power of community and connection in the healing process. Growing up, I understood the weight of the phrase "What happens in the home, stays in the home," but I have since embraced a philosophy that encourages openness and self-empowerment.
(857) 767-6728 View (857) 767-6728
Photo of Bridget Merrill, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bridget Merrill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
In the ideal scenario, my client seeks therapy to address a range of concerns such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and everyday life stressors. They desire a safe and supportive space to freely express themselves without fear of judgment. Their goals include developing healthier thought patterns, improving emotional regulation, and fostering greater self-awareness. Ultimately, they aspire to cultivate a deeper sense of fulfillment, inner peace, and authenticity, driven by a desire for personal growth and meaningful connections with others.
In the ideal scenario, my client seeks therapy to address a range of concerns such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and everyday life stressors. They desire a safe and supportive space to freely express themselves without fear of judgment. Their goals include developing healthier thought patterns, improving emotional regulation, and fostering greater self-awareness. Ultimately, they aspire to cultivate a deeper sense of fulfillment, inner peace, and authenticity, driven by a desire for personal growth and meaningful connections with others.
(781) 604-1433 View (781) 604-1433
Photo of Abigail Ruble, LMHC, Counselor
Abigail Ruble
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Are you looking to navigate the storms of life and find a sense of peace again? As a licensed counselor in Vermont, Virginia, and Colorado, I, Abby Ruble, utilize a direct and compassionate approach to therapy. Relying heavily on evidence-based methods such as ACT, DBT, CBT, and SFT, I strive to implement an abundance mindset allowing you to rewire unhelpful thought patterns and build stronger coping mechanisms.
Are you looking to navigate the storms of life and find a sense of peace again? As a licensed counselor in Vermont, Virginia, and Colorado, I, Abby Ruble, utilize a direct and compassionate approach to therapy. Relying heavily on evidence-based methods such as ACT, DBT, CBT, and SFT, I strive to implement an abundance mindset allowing you to rewire unhelpful thought patterns and build stronger coping mechanisms.
(857) 675-6042 View (857) 675-6042
Photo of Arlene Small, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Arlene Small
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
The ideal client is open to receiving advice and implementing it into their daily lives. The client may have issues with substance abuse due to a lack of healthy coping skills. The client's needs are to improve the quality of work-life balance. It is also important for clients to learn healthy coping strategies to cope with anxiety, depression, and other underlying mental health disorders that are often the underlying cause of substance abuse.
The ideal client is open to receiving advice and implementing it into their daily lives. The client may have issues with substance abuse due to a lack of healthy coping skills. The client's needs are to improve the quality of work-life balance. It is also important for clients to learn healthy coping strategies to cope with anxiety, depression, and other underlying mental health disorders that are often the underlying cause of substance abuse.
(781) 506-1459 View (781) 506-1459
Photo of Marielis Miranda, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marielis Miranda
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
You are not alone. Life is full of ups and downs, with many challenges. Each transition can bring stress, anxiety, fear, insecurities, and negative emotions. Together we can embark on YOUR journey of self-discovery, by building daily skills around empathy, self compassion building healthy relationships.
You are not alone. Life is full of ups and downs, with many challenges. Each transition can bring stress, anxiety, fear, insecurities, and negative emotions. Together we can embark on YOUR journey of self-discovery, by building daily skills around empathy, self compassion building healthy relationships.
(888) 454-2439 View (888) 454-2439
Photo of Virginia Rockhill, PhD, Psychologist
Virginia Rockhill
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
I believe that we all need to have a sense of purpose or meaningfulness in our lives, something that our thoughts, emotions and life experiences contribute to the "heart" of our personalities. The process of healing from the challenges of life begins with a search for truth about our beliefs, habits and relationships. Physical health is affected by our mental health through the complex interactions between the brain and bodily functions.
I believe that we all need to have a sense of purpose or meaningfulness in our lives, something that our thoughts, emotions and life experiences contribute to the "heart" of our personalities. The process of healing from the challenges of life begins with a search for truth about our beliefs, habits and relationships. Physical health is affected by our mental health through the complex interactions between the brain and bodily functions.
(617) 500-4436 View (617) 500-4436
Photo of Michelle Morawiak, MSW, LCSW, LADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Morawiak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LADC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
My ideal patient is someone who engages fully with me during our entire 60-minute session. They are open to suggestions and eager to try new approaches to their treatment. This patient understands that therapy is about progress, not perfection, and recognizes that sometimes the process may unfold more slowly than anticipated. I hope for a patient who maintains open communication with me, feels comfortable sharing anything that troubles them, and knows they will never be judged.
My ideal patient is someone who engages fully with me during our entire 60-minute session. They are open to suggestions and eager to try new approaches to their treatment. This patient understands that therapy is about progress, not perfection, and recognizes that sometimes the process may unfold more slowly than anticipated. I hope for a patient who maintains open communication with me, feels comfortable sharing anything that troubles them, and knows they will never be judged.
(781) 798-2902 View (781) 798-2902
Photo of Trinasia Jones, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trinasia Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215
Not accepting new clients
Your journey, your pace, your healing. As a holistic behavioral therapist, my goal is to address the impact of stress in your life and to promote a culture of safety, empowerment and healing. While we work through challenges, we will uncover your short and long term goals. While at the same time, we will strive for you to build your self-confidence and self-worth. By utilizing a combination of therapeutic approaches, we will unlearn long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
Your journey, your pace, your healing. As a holistic behavioral therapist, my goal is to address the impact of stress in your life and to promote a culture of safety, empowerment and healing. While we work through challenges, we will uncover your short and long term goals. While at the same time, we will strive for you to build your self-confidence and self-worth. By utilizing a combination of therapeutic approaches, we will unlearn long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(617) 639-5778 View (617) 639-5778
Photo of Nicole Harkins, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Harkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
In today's fast-paced world, we all face various hurdles and complexities that can leave us feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck. I understand that taking the step to seek therapy is a brave and transformative decision. Together, we can collaboratively work on setting achievable objectives and exploring solutions to the challenges you face. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem, or any other life challenges. My approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, and tailored to meet your unique needs.
In today's fast-paced world, we all face various hurdles and complexities that can leave us feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck. I understand that taking the step to seek therapy is a brave and transformative decision. Together, we can collaboratively work on setting achievable objectives and exploring solutions to the challenges you face. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem, or any other life challenges. My approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, and tailored to meet your unique needs.
(617) 819-8681 View (617) 819-8681
Photo of Kristin Talcott, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristin Talcott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
Significant changes in our lives can leave us feeling sad, confused, isolated, or stuck. I believe that we are all unique and we will work together to identify the strategies that work best for you now and in the future. I offer compassionate and confident care, and welcome children, adolescents, and adults to join me in finding support for a number of issues, including anxiety, depression, stress management, trauma, emotion regulation, and behavioral concerns. It takes strength and courage to reach out for support, and I am committed to honoring your courage in building resilience to live a more balanced and fulfilled life.
Significant changes in our lives can leave us feeling sad, confused, isolated, or stuck. I believe that we are all unique and we will work together to identify the strategies that work best for you now and in the future. I offer compassionate and confident care, and welcome children, adolescents, and adults to join me in finding support for a number of issues, including anxiety, depression, stress management, trauma, emotion regulation, and behavioral concerns. It takes strength and courage to reach out for support, and I am committed to honoring your courage in building resilience to live a more balanced and fulfilled life.
(617) 356-0248 View (617) 356-0248
Photo of Christopher Van Kleeck, PsyD, Psychologist
Christopher Van Kleeck
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02215  (Online Only)
Online video therapy is here, and I can treat you no matter where you live in Massachusetts. I have been a psychologist since 1988. I answer my cell phone and make appointments when you call. I treat adults for depression and anxiety. My approach is called cognitive behavioral therapy. This means we explore beliefs about ourselves and others and challenge the unrealistic: "Everybody must like me," "I need to do everything perfectly," or "I am no good." Call me, and let's get started.
Online video therapy is here, and I can treat you no matter where you live in Massachusetts. I have been a psychologist since 1988. I answer my cell phone and make appointments when you call. I treat adults for depression and anxiety. My approach is called cognitive behavioral therapy. This means we explore beliefs about ourselves and others and challenge the unrealistic: "Everybody must like me," "I need to do everything perfectly," or "I am no good." Call me, and let's get started.
(508) 612-6212 View (508) 612-6212
Photo of Jasmine Welcome - Roots Unraveled, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Roots Unraveled
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02122  (Online Only)
YOU are the expert of your own life. My role is to provide a judgement free space to help you explore and build skills to meet your goals. I specialize in supporting individuals ages 21 + who are experiencing difficulties with Anxiety, Depression and Adjustments. I use a combination of trauma based therapeutic approaches, traditional psychotherapy and systemic approaches to health and wellness. I will challenge you to step out of your comfort zone and try different things!
YOU are the expert of your own life. My role is to provide a judgement free space to help you explore and build skills to meet your goals. I specialize in supporting individuals ages 21 + who are experiencing difficulties with Anxiety, Depression and Adjustments. I use a combination of trauma based therapeutic approaches, traditional psychotherapy and systemic approaches to health and wellness. I will challenge you to step out of your comfort zone and try different things!
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$157

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

61% Online Only
39% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.