Therapists in Shawnee County, KS

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Photo of Karen D Kriger, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Karen D Kriger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66604
Not accepting new clients
You are meant to thrive. I believe that every life circumstance carries the potential to grow our health, resilience & sense of Self. Sometimes we need someone to come alongside to help & hope for us as we heal & make sense of our stories. Helping couples, families, adults & children pursue this healing & transformation is a privilege.
You are meant to thrive. I believe that every life circumstance carries the potential to grow our health, resilience & sense of Self. Sometimes we need someone to come alongside to help & hope for us as we heal & make sense of our stories. Helping couples, families, adults & children pursue this healing & transformation is a privilege.
(785) 450-1426 View (785) 450-1426
Photo of Zinaia L Armstead, AAS, BAS, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Zinaia L Armstead
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AAS, BAS, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66611
Life can be challenging and the experiences along the way can cause stress, anxiety, and depression to name a few mental health issues that may affect your everyday life. In therapy, I understand the importance of having someone to talk to about issues and experiences in life. You will be met with respect, empathy, genuineness, supportive and active listening, and unconditional positive regard. Together we will work on your goals for therapy. You will be met where you are in the therapeutic journey, and be provided a safe environment to express your feelings, thoughts, challenges, and concerns.
Life can be challenging and the experiences along the way can cause stress, anxiety, and depression to name a few mental health issues that may affect your everyday life. In therapy, I understand the importance of having someone to talk to about issues and experiences in life. You will be met with respect, empathy, genuineness, supportive and active listening, and unconditional positive regard. Together we will work on your goals for therapy. You will be met where you are in the therapeutic journey, and be provided a safe environment to express your feelings, thoughts, challenges, and concerns.
(785) 264-4662 View (785) 264-4662
Photo of Mindi Kessler, PhD, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mindi Kessler
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
I am the author of the book Cycle Breaker: A Guide to Transcending Childhood Trauma. In my work with clients, I use what I have learned as a trauma therapist for 25 years to support people who want to get unstuck and create a life they love. Most people don’t realize they have suffered childhood trauma, but are confused why they are angry, anxious, depressed and have unfulfilling relationships. I help people connect the dots between their current struggles and their unprocessed wounds from the past. I don't just help people with symptoms, I help them get to the root cause of their suffering, so they can enjoy sustainable change.
I am the author of the book Cycle Breaker: A Guide to Transcending Childhood Trauma. In my work with clients, I use what I have learned as a trauma therapist for 25 years to support people who want to get unstuck and create a life they love. Most people don’t realize they have suffered childhood trauma, but are confused why they are angry, anxious, depressed and have unfulfilling relationships. I help people connect the dots between their current struggles and their unprocessed wounds from the past. I don't just help people with symptoms, I help them get to the root cause of their suffering, so they can enjoy sustainable change.
(785) 608-3321 View (785) 608-3321
Photo of Terra Marie Prescott, LSCSW, LCAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Terra Marie Prescott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCAC
Verified Verified
Auburn, KS 66402  (Online Only)
It is important I get to know you and what brings you to therapy. I want to meet you where you are at in your journey. I will offer therapy approaches and explain what I would recommend. We work together and I welcome your expert feedback about what is working and what is not. Therapy is not a linear journey. It can have ups and downs. I will be there to support you through it. I am inquisitive with clients. I often reflect what I hear so you can explore your truths. It is together we will embark on a journey to find peace and relief in your life.
It is important I get to know you and what brings you to therapy. I want to meet you where you are at in your journey. I will offer therapy approaches and explain what I would recommend. We work together and I welcome your expert feedback about what is working and what is not. Therapy is not a linear journey. It can have ups and downs. I will be there to support you through it. I am inquisitive with clients. I often reflect what I hear so you can explore your truths. It is together we will embark on a journey to find peace and relief in your life.
(785) 384-6269 View (785) 384-6269
Photo of Barbara StreckerGaudreau, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara StreckerGaudreau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66604  (Online Only)
I have 30+ years experience working in Mental Health. I'm a graduate of KU School of Social Welfare and have vast experience working with diverse clients. In my practice, I work to empower clients to reach their goals. I use problem-solving, positive therapeutic approaches "in partnership" with my clients to reduce co-dependency, depression, anxiety, stress, relationships and parent/child issues.
I have 30+ years experience working in Mental Health. I'm a graduate of KU School of Social Welfare and have vast experience working with diverse clients. In my practice, I work to empower clients to reach their goals. I use problem-solving, positive therapeutic approaches "in partnership" with my clients to reduce co-dependency, depression, anxiety, stress, relationships and parent/child issues.
(785) 428-4049 View (785) 428-4049
Photo of David Amer, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Amer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
I help teens going through a hard time feel understood and more hopeful. Are the teenage years bumpier than you thought? Is it a struggle to connect with people, and feel like you belong? Are there things you want to do, or "should" do, but it's tough when your mind is loud with worry and doubt? You’re tired of beating yourself up. Together, you and I can figure it out. Our therapy gives us a calm, safe space to focus on you and your story. We get the chance to discover what is truly awesome about you. Working together, you can feel more calm, confidence, connection, and joy.
I help teens going through a hard time feel understood and more hopeful. Are the teenage years bumpier than you thought? Is it a struggle to connect with people, and feel like you belong? Are there things you want to do, or "should" do, but it's tough when your mind is loud with worry and doubt? You’re tired of beating yourself up. Together, you and I can figure it out. Our therapy gives us a calm, safe space to focus on you and your story. We get the chance to discover what is truly awesome about you. Working together, you can feel more calm, confidence, connection, and joy.
(785) 369-1329 View (785) 369-1329
Photo of Shauna B Vega, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shauna B Vega
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614  (Online Only)
Everyone needs help navigating life's biggest challenges, regrets, losses, illnesses, and/or worries. Sometimes the support system we have been relying upon is just not enough to help us overcome our current frustrations. Anxiety and depression can seep in and take over without us even realizing how paralyzing it can be. Rejuvenate your sense of well-being and get back on track. You have taken the first encouraging step by reaching out to get more help in setting up your goals to a better well-being.
Everyone needs help navigating life's biggest challenges, regrets, losses, illnesses, and/or worries. Sometimes the support system we have been relying upon is just not enough to help us overcome our current frustrations. Anxiety and depression can seep in and take over without us even realizing how paralyzing it can be. Rejuvenate your sense of well-being and get back on track. You have taken the first encouraging step by reaching out to get more help in setting up your goals to a better well-being.
(785) 322-9483 View (785) 322-9483
Photo of Liz Munns, LPC, SEP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Liz Munns
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66614
Searching for the right therapist can be daunting. The prospect of starting therapy can be scary. It can be especially frustrating to try many different things to feel better, yet never finding a sense of long- term relief. Sometimes we all need extra support to start this healing journey– I know this from a deeply personal level. I have found that lasting change must involve our whole self- body, mind, and spirit. I use mindfulness skills to help bring awareness to how thoughts, feelings and sensations impact our nervous system and sense of well-being and to help you heal those places where you feel stuck and depleted.
Searching for the right therapist can be daunting. The prospect of starting therapy can be scary. It can be especially frustrating to try many different things to feel better, yet never finding a sense of long- term relief. Sometimes we all need extra support to start this healing journey– I know this from a deeply personal level. I have found that lasting change must involve our whole self- body, mind, and spirit. I use mindfulness skills to help bring awareness to how thoughts, feelings and sensations impact our nervous system and sense of well-being and to help you heal those places where you feel stuck and depleted.
(785) 269-0504 View (785) 269-0504
Photo of Thomas S Parish, PhD, CTRTC
Thomas S Parish
PhD, CTRTC
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
Need some help dealing with the stresses, frustrations and challenges that you are facing? Are there family, workplace, or relationship issues that need to be addressed? With a focus on finding effective alternatives, my clients learn how to move forward with greater confidence. experiencing greater happiness and fulfillment.
Need some help dealing with the stresses, frustrations and challenges that you are facing? Are there family, workplace, or relationship issues that need to be addressed? With a focus on finding effective alternatives, my clients learn how to move forward with greater confidence. experiencing greater happiness and fulfillment.
(785) 509-7730 View (785) 509-7730
Photo of Catherine Anderson - Anderson-Taylor Mental Health , LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anderson-Taylor Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
I am an LSCSW who works with adolecents, teens, and adults I also see families who are facing generational changes. I am a graduate of Washburn University. I have a very eclectic approach to therapy. I do not belive therapy is a one size fits all when it comes to treatment. I work with my clients to find the best fit therapuetically for their situation.
I am an LSCSW who works with adolecents, teens, and adults I also see families who are facing generational changes. I am a graduate of Washburn University. I have a very eclectic approach to therapy. I do not belive therapy is a one size fits all when it comes to treatment. I work with my clients to find the best fit therapuetically for their situation.
(785) 369-1914 View (785) 369-1914
Photo of Carissa Johnson, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carissa Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
When we have physical health concerns, we go see a physician. Going to see a therapist when we have emotional health concerns is no different. I am happy you have found me. I have worked with a plethora of clients throughout my time in the mental health field. The people I have worked with have never fit neatly into one category. Instead, they represent a broad range of identities, emotions, ways of life, perspectives, and treatment goals. I have worked with people from different cultures, people with different religious preferences, and people who are non-religious. I have worked with people who identify LGBTQ+, people who have
When we have physical health concerns, we go see a physician. Going to see a therapist when we have emotional health concerns is no different. I am happy you have found me. I have worked with a plethora of clients throughout my time in the mental health field. The people I have worked with have never fit neatly into one category. Instead, they represent a broad range of identities, emotions, ways of life, perspectives, and treatment goals. I have worked with people from different cultures, people with different religious preferences, and people who are non-religious. I have worked with people who identify LGBTQ+, people who have
(785) 377-5759 View (785) 377-5759
Photo of Suzanne MacDonald, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Suzanne MacDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
I am a trauma informed therapist who works with teenagers and adults with depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, and life transitions. I have extensive experience in working with grief and loss as well as adjustment to medical illness. I am also trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) which can be completed in six sessions. I believe in a holistic approach and use mindfulness, body awareness, and self-regulation as a regular part of my practice. I elicit regular feedback from my clients in order for me to provide the best treatment options for each individual's needs.
I am a trauma informed therapist who works with teenagers and adults with depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, and life transitions. I have extensive experience in working with grief and loss as well as adjustment to medical illness. I am also trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) which can be completed in six sessions. I believe in a holistic approach and use mindfulness, body awareness, and self-regulation as a regular part of my practice. I elicit regular feedback from my clients in order for me to provide the best treatment options for each individual's needs.
(785) 693-6621 View (785) 693-6621
Photo of Erin Herschell - Erin Herschell, LCPC
Erin Herschell
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Lecompton, KS 66050
Would you like your life or the life of your child to feel more enjoyable? Would you like your days to feel less stressful and chaotic? You may be struggling with excessive worry or stress, difficulties parenting, going through a life transition, or having marital issues. You may have a child that is experiencing anger, hyperactivity, attention or learning difficulties, worries, or difficult behaviors. If any of these issues sound familiar, I can help. Let's work together to make the rest of your life the best of your life!
Would you like your life or the life of your child to feel more enjoyable? Would you like your days to feel less stressful and chaotic? You may be struggling with excessive worry or stress, difficulties parenting, going through a life transition, or having marital issues. You may have a child that is experiencing anger, hyperactivity, attention or learning difficulties, worries, or difficult behaviors. If any of these issues sound familiar, I can help. Let's work together to make the rest of your life the best of your life!
(620) 207-1293 View (620) 207-1293
Photo of Pamela Allen, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pamela Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66604
People can benefit from taking the time to reflect and think about their lives in the presence of a neutral therapist. When people encounter a crisis or a difficult situation, it provides an opportunity for the development of self. Change is possible. Therapy provides an avenue to identify and interrupt old ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that are keeping one stuck. It provides an opportunity to "think/reflect" on one's life vs. automatically responding to life's stresses. In this process, a person is often able to see things in a new light and identify new options for dealing with old problems.
People can benefit from taking the time to reflect and think about their lives in the presence of a neutral therapist. When people encounter a crisis or a difficult situation, it provides an opportunity for the development of self. Change is possible. Therapy provides an avenue to identify and interrupt old ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that are keeping one stuck. It provides an opportunity to "think/reflect" on one's life vs. automatically responding to life's stresses. In this process, a person is often able to see things in a new light and identify new options for dealing with old problems.
(785) 260-6702 View (785) 260-6702
Photo of April M Shaw-Dimitri, LMSW
April M Shaw-Dimitri
LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66614
I have dedicated my practice to helping my community's children, adolescents, adults, and families live the best lives possible. I have over 20 years of experience working with children and families in many different capacities. If you struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, mood changes, parenting, or other life challenges, come see me. Together, we will come up with strategies that allow you to address the root causes of your struggles.
I have dedicated my practice to helping my community's children, adolescents, adults, and families live the best lives possible. I have over 20 years of experience working with children and families in many different capacities. If you struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, mood changes, parenting, or other life challenges, come see me. Together, we will come up with strategies that allow you to address the root causes of your struggles.
(785) 679-7874 View (785) 679-7874
Photo of Sharon Kay Birtell - Birtell Counseling LLC, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Birtell Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
My mission is “A Hope and a Future for all”. Currently taking new clients. I have successfully worked with adults and adolescents struggling with depression and anxiety but also a number of other diagnosis such as, ADHD, Mood Disorders, Neurocognitive Disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Personality Disorders, Schizophrenia Spectrum, Bipolar, & other Psychiatric Disorders including individuals that have experienced trauma. Addressed issues related to hoarding environments. I meet people where they are in all walks of life with no judgement to grow on current strength and finding new strengths and coping skills.
My mission is “A Hope and a Future for all”. Currently taking new clients. I have successfully worked with adults and adolescents struggling with depression and anxiety but also a number of other diagnosis such as, ADHD, Mood Disorders, Neurocognitive Disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Personality Disorders, Schizophrenia Spectrum, Bipolar, & other Psychiatric Disorders including individuals that have experienced trauma. Addressed issues related to hoarding environments. I meet people where they are in all walks of life with no judgement to grow on current strength and finding new strengths and coping skills.
(785) 322-8229 View (785) 322-8229
Photo of Daniel Martin, LMSW, LMAC-t, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LMAC-t
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66612
As the founder of E.P.I.C. LLC, I am deeply committed to empowering individuals in their communities at pivotal moments. My passion lies in assisting those at a crossroads, ready to embark on a transformative journey toward self-discovery, resilience, and fulfillment. Utilizing an Eclectic therapy approach, I blend techniques from various therapeutic methods to fit your needs. This creates a safe space to explore, understand, and grow. My expertise equips me to guide you toward not just surviving but thriving in a life that's authentically yours. Let's connect if you seek a partner to navigate your path to a joyful, meaningful life.
As the founder of E.P.I.C. LLC, I am deeply committed to empowering individuals in their communities at pivotal moments. My passion lies in assisting those at a crossroads, ready to embark on a transformative journey toward self-discovery, resilience, and fulfillment. Utilizing an Eclectic therapy approach, I blend techniques from various therapeutic methods to fit your needs. This creates a safe space to explore, understand, and grow. My expertise equips me to guide you toward not just surviving but thriving in a life that's authentically yours. Let's connect if you seek a partner to navigate your path to a joyful, meaningful life.
(785) 508-1117 View (785) 508-1117
Photo of Myisha J Edmonds, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Myisha J Edmonds
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66614
Hello! I am honored to have you stop by and visit with me. As a therapist, I am committed to each client reaching their full potential. I have worked as a school social worker in the Topeka area for the past few years. My focus as a therapist, are children and teens with unique backgrounds and experiences. If your child or teen finds themselves experiencing anxiety, depression, or other school difficulties I’m here to walk with them through their passage of self-discovery.
Hello! I am honored to have you stop by and visit with me. As a therapist, I am committed to each client reaching their full potential. I have worked as a school social worker in the Topeka area for the past few years. My focus as a therapist, are children and teens with unique backgrounds and experiences. If your child or teen finds themselves experiencing anxiety, depression, or other school difficulties I’m here to walk with them through their passage of self-discovery.
(785) 369-7613 View (785) 369-7613
Photo of Jody Koerner - Jody Koerner, LSCSW, LSCSW, QCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jody Koerner, LSCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, QCSW
Verified Verified
Auburn, KS 66402  (Online Only)
I work collaboratively with people to achieve positive outcomes. Some of the areas I work most often with clients are anxiety, depressed mood, family transitions including care-taking of senior age parents, couple and marriage problems, separation, divorce, grief and loss, parenting, blended families, combat stress, PTSD, adjustment to life-style changes including senior citizens, military family issues and stress over financial troubles.
I work collaboratively with people to achieve positive outcomes. Some of the areas I work most often with clients are anxiety, depressed mood, family transitions including care-taking of senior age parents, couple and marriage problems, separation, divorce, grief and loss, parenting, blended families, combat stress, PTSD, adjustment to life-style changes including senior citizens, military family issues and stress over financial troubles.
(785) 201-9945 View (785) 201-9945
Photo of Stacey M Miller, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacey M Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
I’m a Therapist located in Southwest Topeka who works with Children and Families. Many of my clients come in to address topics such as Anxiety/Depression, ADHD, Trauma, Parent/Family Challenges, and Life Transitions. I am particularly passionate about serving Children, Teens, Young Adults, Parents & Families. Personal life and parenting experiences have given me valuable insight as to what families are going through when one member is struggling with issues.
I’m a Therapist located in Southwest Topeka who works with Children and Families. Many of my clients come in to address topics such as Anxiety/Depression, ADHD, Trauma, Parent/Family Challenges, and Life Transitions. I am particularly passionate about serving Children, Teens, Young Adults, Parents & Families. Personal life and parenting experiences have given me valuable insight as to what families are going through when one member is struggling with issues.
(785) 347-6904 View (785) 347-6904

See more therapy options for Shawnee County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Shawnee County, KS

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Shawnee County, KS who prioritize treating:

90% Depression
90% Anxiety
73% Stress
72% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Medicaid
52% Aetna

How Therapists in Shawnee County, KS see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Shawnee County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.