Therapists in Missoula, MT

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Photo of Kelly P Scariano, LCSW, LAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly P Scariano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
Hello! My name is Kelly Scariano and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missoula. I am passionate about working with adolescents and adults to help them create lasting and powerful change in their lives. I specialize in relationship issues, addiction, depression, anxiety and grief/loss. By assisting clients in gaining insight and self-awareness we work together to identify and resolve unhealthy behaviors, which are getting in the way of forming lasting and loving relationships. I am known for my warmth, compassion and insight. I create safety, trust and a strong working relationship with each individual or couple.
Hello! My name is Kelly Scariano and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missoula. I am passionate about working with adolescents and adults to help them create lasting and powerful change in their lives. I specialize in relationship issues, addiction, depression, anxiety and grief/loss. By assisting clients in gaining insight and self-awareness we work together to identify and resolve unhealthy behaviors, which are getting in the way of forming lasting and loving relationships. I am known for my warmth, compassion and insight. I create safety, trust and a strong working relationship with each individual or couple.
(406) 204-0498 View (406) 204-0498
Photo of Nathan Stahley, MSW, SWLC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nathan Stahley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801  (Online Only)
I believe the benefits of a healthy therapeutic relationship can be a powerful tool in growing into the person we want to be in our lives. Addressing past traumas, developing strategies for coping, and identifying insight into challenging situations can all be helpful parts of therapy. As a person-centered therapist, I seek to create a safe and non judgmental space allowing for collaboration. Together we can explore and identify tools and techniques that empower you to live a more fulfilling life.
I believe the benefits of a healthy therapeutic relationship can be a powerful tool in growing into the person we want to be in our lives. Addressing past traumas, developing strategies for coping, and identifying insight into challenging situations can all be helpful parts of therapy. As a person-centered therapist, I seek to create a safe and non judgmental space allowing for collaboration. Together we can explore and identify tools and techniques that empower you to live a more fulfilling life.
(406) 732-2384 View (406) 732-2384
Photo of Alex Malich, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alex Malich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
I believe each us embody an innate wisdom and deep knowing of our strengths and beauty. Sometimes when we experience stress or unexpected change we can lose touch with a positive sense of self and the resources that allow us to thrive in a challenging world. A compassionate, supportive, and collaborative therapeutic relationship strengthens our ability to move through some of our most challenging moments. Together, we will create the conditions for vulnerability and authenticity in a mutual effort to undergo the difficult work of personal transformation.
I believe each us embody an innate wisdom and deep knowing of our strengths and beauty. Sometimes when we experience stress or unexpected change we can lose touch with a positive sense of self and the resources that allow us to thrive in a challenging world. A compassionate, supportive, and collaborative therapeutic relationship strengthens our ability to move through some of our most challenging moments. Together, we will create the conditions for vulnerability and authenticity in a mutual effort to undergo the difficult work of personal transformation.
(406) 623-5542 View (406) 623-5542
Photo of John Espy, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Espy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
Psychotherapy requires an experienced and a mature therapist. My way of being with someone is interpersonal. It is founded on establishing an emotional connection with the person that comes to me and to help them understand and hopefully resolve their emotional struggles. The importance of healthy exploration of who one is, is essential to being able to have healthy and growth producing relationships. Resolution to problems and change is not found in simple cookie cutter or templated solutions. For me personally psychotherapy is the way that I live my life. It is not a collection of techniques but a significant part of who I am.
Psychotherapy requires an experienced and a mature therapist. My way of being with someone is interpersonal. It is founded on establishing an emotional connection with the person that comes to me and to help them understand and hopefully resolve their emotional struggles. The importance of healthy exploration of who one is, is essential to being able to have healthy and growth producing relationships. Resolution to problems and change is not found in simple cookie cutter or templated solutions. For me personally psychotherapy is the way that I live my life. It is not a collection of techniques but a significant part of who I am.
(406) 270-5325 View (406) 270-5325
Photo of Beth Cavaliere, LCPC, Counselor
Beth Cavaliere
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
I have twenty years of experience working with individuals and couples in a psychodynamic approach. My orientation includes attachment theory, schema therapy, psychoanalysis, emotionally focused therapy, and mindfulness. My goal is to help you reduce your emotional suffering, better understand yourself, improve your relationships, and become a happier and more relaxed person.
I have twenty years of experience working with individuals and couples in a psychodynamic approach. My orientation includes attachment theory, schema therapy, psychoanalysis, emotionally focused therapy, and mindfulness. My goal is to help you reduce your emotional suffering, better understand yourself, improve your relationships, and become a happier and more relaxed person.
(406) 415-2338 View (406) 415-2338
Photo of Leslie Angel, MA, PCLC, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Leslie Angel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PCLC, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59808
Hello! My name is Leslie and I work with folks struggling with a variety of challenges, such as grief, trauma, and life transition. I provide counseling services for anyone in early adulthood through late adulthood. As a former psychology professor with a Ph.D. in experimental psychology, I offer a unique understanding of psychological processes in my work as a pre-licensed counselor. I serve a diverse client base, including couples, the LGBTIQ+ population, Veterans, and individuals at the end of life. I utilize an integrative approach in my work, focusing on evidence-based practices to best serve you on your path to wellness.
Hello! My name is Leslie and I work with folks struggling with a variety of challenges, such as grief, trauma, and life transition. I provide counseling services for anyone in early adulthood through late adulthood. As a former psychology professor with a Ph.D. in experimental psychology, I offer a unique understanding of psychological processes in my work as a pre-licensed counselor. I serve a diverse client base, including couples, the LGBTIQ+ population, Veterans, and individuals at the end of life. I utilize an integrative approach in my work, focusing on evidence-based practices to best serve you on your path to wellness.
(406) 630-7977 View (406) 630-7977
Photo of Dylan Ann Spradlin - Dylan Spradlin / Family Insights, MA, MSW, SWLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dylan Spradlin / Family Insights
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
Do you think you’re a horrible parent no matter what parenting advice you try? You’re someone who deeply desires to feel connected with your child, but you’re wondering if you should have been a parent at all. Your child is aggressive, too clingy, and you find yourself yelling. And you have no idea what’s wrong. You have feelings of shame that you can’t “get it together.” You have an idea of how you want to show up for your kids, but have no idea how to get there. You’re ready to make a change. You’re ready to invest in helping your child learn to manage their emotions, and do the work you need to do to be the parent you want to be.
Do you think you’re a horrible parent no matter what parenting advice you try? You’re someone who deeply desires to feel connected with your child, but you’re wondering if you should have been a parent at all. Your child is aggressive, too clingy, and you find yourself yelling. And you have no idea what’s wrong. You have feelings of shame that you can’t “get it together.” You have an idea of how you want to show up for your kids, but have no idea how to get there. You’re ready to make a change. You’re ready to invest in helping your child learn to manage their emotions, and do the work you need to do to be the parent you want to be.
(406) 709-8580 View (406) 709-8580
Photo of Serene Cusack, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Serene Cusack
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
I am a licensed clinical social worker who is deeply committed to providing a safe and affirming space for meeting you exactly where you are at. With over a decade of experience in mental health, I specialize in helping you manage your anxiety, processing through life events of all sizes, and work towards improving relationship dynamics. I work diligently to create a non-judgmental atmosphere where you can develop a positive relationship with yourself, navigating issues related to self-acceptance and managing societal pressures. I believe in the power of collaboration and empower folks to cultivate resilience and live authentically.
I am a licensed clinical social worker who is deeply committed to providing a safe and affirming space for meeting you exactly where you are at. With over a decade of experience in mental health, I specialize in helping you manage your anxiety, processing through life events of all sizes, and work towards improving relationship dynamics. I work diligently to create a non-judgmental atmosphere where you can develop a positive relationship with yourself, navigating issues related to self-acceptance and managing societal pressures. I believe in the power of collaboration and empower folks to cultivate resilience and live authentically.
(406) 631-3722 View (406) 631-3722
Photo of Alysha Goheen, SWLC, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alysha Goheen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SWLC, MSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling, suffering, and/or feeling confusingly stuck in harmful patterns? I will work alongside you to help you clarify your goals not only for what you want to achieve but also how you want to be. Together, we’ll explore what holds you back, and map a path forward.
Are you struggling, suffering, and/or feeling confusingly stuck in harmful patterns? I will work alongside you to help you clarify your goals not only for what you want to achieve but also how you want to be. Together, we’ll explore what holds you back, and map a path forward.
(406) 306-1698 View (406) 306-1698
Photo of Faith Ellis, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Faith Ellis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
Lately, it seems the intimate spark between you and your partner is dim at best. Connecting positively has been tacked onto the long list of chores to do rather than being part of your relationship that fuels the fire. Maybe you're struggling with conflict, balancing life, knowing each of your needs, or a sex life that feels pleasurable. At best, you find yourself in an unsatisfying status quo. At worst, you find shame, anger, guilt, or sadness fighting over who takes center stage between the two of you. Regardless, you and your partner can no longer find each other in your intimate moments.
Lately, it seems the intimate spark between you and your partner is dim at best. Connecting positively has been tacked onto the long list of chores to do rather than being part of your relationship that fuels the fire. Maybe you're struggling with conflict, balancing life, knowing each of your needs, or a sex life that feels pleasurable. At best, you find yourself in an unsatisfying status quo. At worst, you find shame, anger, guilt, or sadness fighting over who takes center stage between the two of you. Regardless, you and your partner can no longer find each other in your intimate moments.
(406) 643-7631 View (406) 643-7631
Photo of Raeleah Schaeffer, MOT, OTR/L, Occupational Therapist
Raeleah Schaeffer
Occupational Therapist, MOT, OTR/L
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59804
Do you or your child struggle with routines or transitioning between tasks? Imagine being able to turn the TV off without an outburst. Or not misplacing your wallet and keys on a regular basis. Get support with these executive function and regulation tasks so that you can feel more organized, calm and in control of your daily life.
Do you or your child struggle with routines or transitioning between tasks? Imagine being able to turn the TV off without an outburst. Or not misplacing your wallet and keys on a regular basis. Get support with these executive function and regulation tasks so that you can feel more organized, calm and in control of your daily life.
(406) 780-3794 View (406) 780-3794
Photo of Anna Louise Peterson, EdD, LCPC, Counselor
Anna Louise Peterson
Counselor, EdD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My practice is primarily focused on providing affirmative care for those who are exploring their gender identity – across the lifespan and along the gender spectrum. If you are seeking support around issues of gender identity, I will provide you with a supportive relationship - without expectation, agenda or judgment - within which to explore whatever questions you may be asking. My role in this process is not to define your identity for you, but to provide the space within which you can do that for yourself.
My practice is primarily focused on providing affirmative care for those who are exploring their gender identity – across the lifespan and along the gender spectrum. If you are seeking support around issues of gender identity, I will provide you with a supportive relationship - without expectation, agenda or judgment - within which to explore whatever questions you may be asking. My role in this process is not to define your identity for you, but to provide the space within which you can do that for yourself.
(406) 412-1326 View (406) 412-1326
Photo of Melissa Sundberg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Sundberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
Reaching out for help can be difficult. My purpose is to help you find the path that is best for you. Working through difficult times is easier when you have a listening ear and someone to help you sort through the obstacles and options.
Reaching out for help can be difficult. My purpose is to help you find the path that is best for you. Working through difficult times is easier when you have a listening ear and someone to help you sort through the obstacles and options.
(406) 308-5411 View (406) 308-5411
Photo of Jeri Linsey Waddell - Waddell Counseling PLLC, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Waddell Counseling PLLC
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
Making the step to engage in therapy is vulnerable and takes courage. I believe the counseling space should be safe and nonjudgmental. I engage counseling with a person-centered approach, you are the expert on yourself. I see each human as uniquely designed and therefore I do not see counseling as "one size fits all." With taking time to hear your story and build trust with you, I know that change can occur. I welcome you to find a place that holds both security and growth that might feel uncomfortable. With curiosity, compassion and an open mind, we can make this space beneficial for you.
Making the step to engage in therapy is vulnerable and takes courage. I believe the counseling space should be safe and nonjudgmental. I engage counseling with a person-centered approach, you are the expert on yourself. I see each human as uniquely designed and therefore I do not see counseling as "one size fits all." With taking time to hear your story and build trust with you, I know that change can occur. I welcome you to find a place that holds both security and growth that might feel uncomfortable. With curiosity, compassion and an open mind, we can make this space beneficial for you.
(406) 780-9145 View (406) 780-9145
Photo of Kara Stansbury, LMFT, LCPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kara Stansbury
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
I believe that every body has the potential for growth and change. As a dual-licensed, Somatic Family Therapist I bring 18 years of experience assisting individuals, couples and families finding long-term healing and change. My clients most often are looking for something different than traditional talk therapy. They are struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, anxiety and depression that are having a negative impact on their relationship with themselves and those they love. I hold advanced training in supporting women and their families who have experienced trauma, grief and loss in the perinatal period.
I believe that every body has the potential for growth and change. As a dual-licensed, Somatic Family Therapist I bring 18 years of experience assisting individuals, couples and families finding long-term healing and change. My clients most often are looking for something different than traditional talk therapy. They are struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, anxiety and depression that are having a negative impact on their relationship with themselves and those they love. I hold advanced training in supporting women and their families who have experienced trauma, grief and loss in the perinatal period.
(406) 692-8392 View (406) 692-8392
Photo of Rachael Dunkel - Bridger Peaks Counseling - Missoula, LCPC, Counselor
Bridger Peaks Counseling - Missoula
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
Bridger Peaks Counseling is a multidisciplinary therapy practice based in Missoula and Bozeman, Montana dedicated to helping transform individual wellbeing and community mental health. We support individuals, couples, and groups through online and in-person therapy with a collaborative, compassionate, and evidence-based approach. We believe in a connected, compassionate world in which everyone has the resources and support to heal from trauma and lead happier, healthier lives. We are allies and advocates for all identities, backgrounds, and mental health needs.
Bridger Peaks Counseling is a multidisciplinary therapy practice based in Missoula and Bozeman, Montana dedicated to helping transform individual wellbeing and community mental health. We support individuals, couples, and groups through online and in-person therapy with a collaborative, compassionate, and evidence-based approach. We believe in a connected, compassionate world in which everyone has the resources and support to heal from trauma and lead happier, healthier lives. We are allies and advocates for all identities, backgrounds, and mental health needs.
(406) 209-8711 View (406) 209-8711
Photo of Robyn Edington, PCLC, NCC, LSC
Robyn Edington
Professional Counselor Candidate, PCLC, NCC, LSC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
Not accepting new clients
During difficult seasons of life, it is important to have a place to talk through problems, re-frame your thinking, and take some time to focus on yourself. I enjoy supporting children, teens and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression and life transitions. Together, we will make sense of your present strengths and difficulties and help you move forward. My goal for my clients is to build a deeper understanding of themselves and develop strategies to assist in coping with challenges.
During difficult seasons of life, it is important to have a place to talk through problems, re-frame your thinking, and take some time to focus on yourself. I enjoy supporting children, teens and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression and life transitions. Together, we will make sense of your present strengths and difficulties and help you move forward. My goal for my clients is to build a deeper understanding of themselves and develop strategies to assist in coping with challenges.
(406) 743-3564 View (406) 743-3564
Photo of Aimee Heavyrunner, NCC, PCLC, LAC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Aimee Heavyrunner
Pre-Licensed Professional, NCC, PCLC, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59808
I am so glad you are here looking for a safe space to heal and process life. I value my work as a Clinical Mental Health and Addictions Counselor. I support adults and elders navigating addiction, anxiety, depression, and trauma recovery. My therapy approach is person-centered and narrative based.
I am so glad you are here looking for a safe space to heal and process life. I value my work as a Clinical Mental Health and Addictions Counselor. I support adults and elders navigating addiction, anxiety, depression, and trauma recovery. My therapy approach is person-centered and narrative based.
(406) 637-4247 View (406) 637-4247
Photo of Karen G Strange, LMFT, CST,  CSAT, CPTT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Karen G Strange
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST, CSAT, CPTT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
As a Certified Sex Therapist, Certified Sex Addiction Therapist, and co-founder of the Center for Sexual and Relational Health, I specialize in helping individuals and couples struggling with sexual/porn addiction, compulsive sexual behaviors, infidelity, and the associated trauma from those behaviors. Because sexual/porn addiction impacts the entire family system, I am also a Certified Partner Trauma Therapist as I help partners navigate the emotional impact created by the problematic behaviors of their loved ones. I journey alongside my clients to help them create a new narrative for themselves so they can move forward.
As a Certified Sex Therapist, Certified Sex Addiction Therapist, and co-founder of the Center for Sexual and Relational Health, I specialize in helping individuals and couples struggling with sexual/porn addiction, compulsive sexual behaviors, infidelity, and the associated trauma from those behaviors. Because sexual/porn addiction impacts the entire family system, I am also a Certified Partner Trauma Therapist as I help partners navigate the emotional impact created by the problematic behaviors of their loved ones. I journey alongside my clients to help them create a new narrative for themselves so they can move forward.
(864) 662-6427 View (864) 662-6427
Photo of Stacey De Witt, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Stacey De Witt
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
Does anxiety make it hard to fully enjoy your day-to-day life? Does it feel like you’re running on empty, leaving little energy for what truly matters to you? Are you ready to experience deeper joy, ease, and purpose in your life? In a world where anxiety, overwhelm, and uncertainty are higher than ever, managing relationships, careers, and daily life can feel daunting. Ignoring your own needs and neglecting self-care can take a toll on both mind and body that can lead to increased stress, burnout, and emotional exhaustion. I believe living a better life shouldn’t be so difficult.
Does anxiety make it hard to fully enjoy your day-to-day life? Does it feel like you’re running on empty, leaving little energy for what truly matters to you? Are you ready to experience deeper joy, ease, and purpose in your life? In a world where anxiety, overwhelm, and uncertainty are higher than ever, managing relationships, careers, and daily life can feel daunting. Ignoring your own needs and neglecting self-care can take a toll on both mind and body that can lead to increased stress, burnout, and emotional exhaustion. I believe living a better life shouldn’t be so difficult.
(406) 341-2390 View (406) 341-2390
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Missoula, MT

500+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Missoula, MT who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
79% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% PacificSource
83% Allegiance

How Therapists in Missoula, MT see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Missoula?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.