Therapists in San Jose, CA

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Photo of Amy J Williams - Amy J Williams- Resilient Growth, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy J Williams- Resilient Growth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95150  (Online Only)
Work and relationships can be stressful. Do you find yourself dwelling on your mistakes, wondering, “Why is life so difficult?” Every challenge seems like a personal failing, a sign that you are broken or flawed in some way. You may even wonder if past issues are negatively impacting you in the present.
Work and relationships can be stressful. Do you find yourself dwelling on your mistakes, wondering, “Why is life so difficult?” Every challenge seems like a personal failing, a sign that you are broken or flawed in some way. You may even wonder if past issues are negatively impacting you in the present.
(408) 419-1624 View (408) 419-1624
Photo of Naomi David, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Naomi David
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95113  (Online Only)
"The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction not a destination" - Carl Rogers. As a therapist, I believe in helping clients find (or rediscover) their direction in living the life that best suits them. I also believe that one of the most important factors in therapy is the goodness of "fit" between therapist and client. Through the therapeutic process, I work towards helping clients learn insights about their life, which in turn help them to make better choices and find more overall satisfaction in their life.
"The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction not a destination" - Carl Rogers. As a therapist, I believe in helping clients find (or rediscover) their direction in living the life that best suits them. I also believe that one of the most important factors in therapy is the goodness of "fit" between therapist and client. Through the therapeutic process, I work towards helping clients learn insights about their life, which in turn help them to make better choices and find more overall satisfaction in their life.
(650) 523-7695 View (650) 523-7695
Photo of Yvette Duarte - Awake DBT, Inc., MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Awake DBT, Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95125
We help individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, emotional ups and downs and trauma. We specialize in providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy and offer a comprehensive program. Please see our website: www.awakedbt.com. Our team offers weekly individual DBT, a skills training group and 24-hour skill coaching. We teach life skills in Mindfulness, Distress Tolerance, Emotion Regulation and interpersonal Effectiveness. Our team lead is a Certified DBT Clinician from the Linehan Board of Certification. All members in the team are in track to certification.
We help individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, emotional ups and downs and trauma. We specialize in providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy and offer a comprehensive program. Please see our website: www.awakedbt.com. Our team offers weekly individual DBT, a skills training group and 24-hour skill coaching. We teach life skills in Mindfulness, Distress Tolerance, Emotion Regulation and interpersonal Effectiveness. Our team lead is a Certified DBT Clinician from the Linehan Board of Certification. All members in the team are in track to certification.
(408) 465-9929 View (408) 465-9929
Felicia M Eliazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Many of the clients that walk through my door may be similar to you: frustrated at the court system, wanting more time with their children, having overwhelming difficulties in dealing with an ex partner. My approach, has been and continues to be to focus on what is in the best interest of the child. I bring my years of experience in assessing families, mediating requests, and getting real action outcomes for the child(ren) involved.
Many of the clients that walk through my door may be similar to you: frustrated at the court system, wanting more time with their children, having overwhelming difficulties in dealing with an ex partner. My approach, has been and continues to be to focus on what is in the best interest of the child. I bring my years of experience in assessing families, mediating requests, and getting real action outcomes for the child(ren) involved.
(408) 684-5680 View (408) 684-5680
Photo of Debra Stackman, PhD, Psychologist
Debra Stackman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95128
Not accepting new clients
I have enjoyed working with clients from very diverse cultural, ethnic, socioeconomic, and religious backgrounds and sexual orientations and identities for over 25 years. I prize establishing respectful, trusting, and collaborative relationships with my clients as this is key in helping them achieve their goals in treatment. It is my goal for clients to leave therapy with new skills, new understanding, a sense of empowerment, or having worked through some difficult experiences. My past training and clinical work have provided me expertise in the areas of depression, cultural issues, assertiveness, relationships, anxiety, and trauma.
I have enjoyed working with clients from very diverse cultural, ethnic, socioeconomic, and religious backgrounds and sexual orientations and identities for over 25 years. I prize establishing respectful, trusting, and collaborative relationships with my clients as this is key in helping them achieve their goals in treatment. It is my goal for clients to leave therapy with new skills, new understanding, a sense of empowerment, or having worked through some difficult experiences. My past training and clinical work have provided me expertise in the areas of depression, cultural issues, assertiveness, relationships, anxiety, and trauma.
(408) 512-1309 View (408) 512-1309
Photo of Sharzad Kaviani, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sharzad Kaviani
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95124
Sharzad Kaviani is a marriage and family therapist with 15 years of experience working with teens, adults, and families. She works closely with clients to mold treatment to the individual’s needs and works collaboratively with clients based on their personal and treatment goals. She is extensively trained in DBT, CBT, and solution-focused therapy.
Sharzad Kaviani is a marriage and family therapist with 15 years of experience working with teens, adults, and families. She works closely with clients to mold treatment to the individual’s needs and works collaboratively with clients based on their personal and treatment goals. She is extensively trained in DBT, CBT, and solution-focused therapy.
(408) 898-4303 View (408) 898-4303
Photo of Lisa Tran, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Tran
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95129
You don’t have to be alone with your hardships; we all struggle in life at one point or another. Suppose you feel you are currently struggling due to depression, anxiety, identity, relationships, work stress, communication, or finding your place in the world. Life’s complications and difficulties can be made more accessible with understanding, conversation, and support. I am happy to be beside you during this time and guide you through it, using my years of study and experience to help you move toward a state of life you are happier in.
You don’t have to be alone with your hardships; we all struggle in life at one point or another. Suppose you feel you are currently struggling due to depression, anxiety, identity, relationships, work stress, communication, or finding your place in the world. Life’s complications and difficulties can be made more accessible with understanding, conversation, and support. I am happy to be beside you during this time and guide you through it, using my years of study and experience to help you move toward a state of life you are happier in.
(408) 413-3686 View (408) 413-3686
Photo of Kellie Gonzalez, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kellie Gonzalez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95129
Hi there, my name is Kellie and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist here is Southern California. Though the majority of my work has been working children in the foster care system, I've always enjoyed working with people from all ages. I find that my approach is simple, treat others how you would want to be treated, with dignity and respect. I look forward to seeing how we might move forward to get you to where you want to be. I have done a lot of trauma work throughout the years. Anxiety, depression, and sexual violence is something I am very familiar and comfortable working with.
Hi there, my name is Kellie and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist here is Southern California. Though the majority of my work has been working children in the foster care system, I've always enjoyed working with people from all ages. I find that my approach is simple, treat others how you would want to be treated, with dignity and respect. I look forward to seeing how we might move forward to get you to where you want to be. I have done a lot of trauma work throughout the years. Anxiety, depression, and sexual violence is something I am very familiar and comfortable working with.
(408) 498-9946 View (408) 498-9946
Photo of Shawn O'Dell, PsyD, Psychologist
Shawn O'Dell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95128
I am a licensed Psychologist with my practice based in California providing counseling and psychotherapy services to our California senior community. I work with older adults with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief and loss, aging and change, health and disability issues as well as men's issues just to name a few. If you have Medicare and secondary insurance you are likely to be fully covered and not pay anything out of pocket. There is no need to suffer in silence. Please call for more information. I look forward to speaking with you. Please call 408-956-6896 to connect with me.
I am a licensed Psychologist with my practice based in California providing counseling and psychotherapy services to our California senior community. I work with older adults with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief and loss, aging and change, health and disability issues as well as men's issues just to name a few. If you have Medicare and secondary insurance you are likely to be fully covered and not pay anything out of pocket. There is no need to suffer in silence. Please call for more information. I look forward to speaking with you. Please call 408-956-6896 to connect with me.
(408) 956-6896 View (408) 956-6896
Photo of Ming-Hui Huang, AMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ming-Hui Huang
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95128
I am honored by the opportunity to help individuals find greater peace, strength, and fulfillment in their lives. Life’s difficulties—whether they arise from fear of not being good enough, struggles with building relationships, or feeling stuck despite your best efforts—can feel overwhelming. Yet, these challenges often serve as opportunities to deeper self-discovery. My goal is to help you access and trust your inner wisdom and strength so that you can get unstuck, reach your personal goals, and continue to grow even after our therapy sessions end.
I am honored by the opportunity to help individuals find greater peace, strength, and fulfillment in their lives. Life’s difficulties—whether they arise from fear of not being good enough, struggles with building relationships, or feeling stuck despite your best efforts—can feel overwhelming. Yet, these challenges often serve as opportunities to deeper self-discovery. My goal is to help you access and trust your inner wisdom and strength so that you can get unstuck, reach your personal goals, and continue to grow even after our therapy sessions end.
(408) 462-1549 View (408) 462-1549
Photo of Karina Tamayo - Talk-a-While, Child & Family Therapy Center, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Talk-a-While, Child & Family Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95124
Our team consists of experienced, fully-licensed therapists that provide outpatient therapeutic services for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families based on a relational theory framework where each individual can learn the importance of mutual empathy and empowerment within their current relationships. My name is Karina and I am the Co-Founder of Talk-a-While, Child & Family Therapy Center PC. I’m a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and I specialize in working with children and adolescents with neurodiverse challenges; however, I also enjoy working with adults and couples.
Our team consists of experienced, fully-licensed therapists that provide outpatient therapeutic services for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families based on a relational theory framework where each individual can learn the importance of mutual empathy and empowerment within their current relationships. My name is Karina and I am the Co-Founder of Talk-a-While, Child & Family Therapy Center PC. I’m a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and I specialize in working with children and adolescents with neurodiverse challenges; however, I also enjoy working with adults and couples.
(562) 374-7579 View (562) 374-7579
Photo of Frederick H Kuttner, MA, LPCC
Frederick H Kuttner
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling depressed or anxious about your current life situation? Do you wonder if you can build a meaningful life, a life worth living? Are you grieving the loss of someone you love, or the loss of something you hoped to achieve? Are you in the middle of a life transition such as graduation, retirement, becoming a parent, or changing professions? I help people in these situations get in touch with what they really want so they can move forward with confidence.
Are you feeling depressed or anxious about your current life situation? Do you wonder if you can build a meaningful life, a life worth living? Are you grieving the loss of someone you love, or the loss of something you hoped to achieve? Are you in the middle of a life transition such as graduation, retirement, becoming a parent, or changing professions? I help people in these situations get in touch with what they really want so they can move forward with confidence.
(831) 480-3098 View (831) 480-3098
Photo of Rachael E Barreto, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachael E Barreto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95153  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker specializing in the treatment of adult ADHD. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques and coaching strategies based in neuroscience to help clients improve cognition and executive functioning skills, emotional awareness and intelligence, and overall functioning in school, work, relationships and daily life.
I am a licensed clinical social worker specializing in the treatment of adult ADHD. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques and coaching strategies based in neuroscience to help clients improve cognition and executive functioning skills, emotional awareness and intelligence, and overall functioning in school, work, relationships and daily life.
(650) 955-1705 View (650) 955-1705
Photo of Andrew Schnell - LifeMindful Therapy , LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
LifeMindful Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, psychosis, PTSD, relationship, family and work-related stress. I treat all ages from children, teens, transitional aged youth, and adults. I have focused my work in the area of couples and family therapy in strengthening relational and attachment bonds between children/teens with caregivers. I also provide diagnostic testing for conditions like ADHD and executive functioning challenges.
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, psychosis, PTSD, relationship, family and work-related stress. I treat all ages from children, teens, transitional aged youth, and adults. I have focused my work in the area of couples and family therapy in strengthening relational and attachment bonds between children/teens with caregivers. I also provide diagnostic testing for conditions like ADHD and executive functioning challenges.
(669) 356-6218 View (669) 356-6218
Photo of Meggie Zanger, MA, LPCC, PMH-C
Meggie Zanger
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95153
You may have found that due to some recent life circumstance, you are feeling stressed, anxious, lonely, overwhelmed, or even ashamed. These are natural, human emotions, which can arise from a host of reasons including fertility challenges, reproductive loss, adjusting to parenthood, work-related stress, starting college, or relationship issues. It can feel isolating, and you deserve to be seen and understood. The good news is you don’t have to go through it alone, and you were never meant to.
You may have found that due to some recent life circumstance, you are feeling stressed, anxious, lonely, overwhelmed, or even ashamed. These are natural, human emotions, which can arise from a host of reasons including fertility challenges, reproductive loss, adjusting to parenthood, work-related stress, starting college, or relationship issues. It can feel isolating, and you deserve to be seen and understood. The good news is you don’t have to go through it alone, and you were never meant to.
(831) 249-9898 View (831) 249-9898
Photo of Sapna Nair, LPCC, Counselor
Sapna Nair
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95128  (Online Only)
I support individuals who are going through life transitions to manage their anxiety, stress, depression, and void. I will work with you collaboratively to identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We will address the needs of your mind, body, and spirit. I'm here to support you. Therapy can seem scary, but you will be in a safe space and, I'll meet you with compassion and unconditional positive regard so that you can overcome and break through your barriers. I will be honored to walk beside you on your journey of healing and transformation.
I support individuals who are going through life transitions to manage their anxiety, stress, depression, and void. I will work with you collaboratively to identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We will address the needs of your mind, body, and spirit. I'm here to support you. Therapy can seem scary, but you will be in a safe space and, I'll meet you with compassion and unconditional positive regard so that you can overcome and break through your barriers. I will be honored to walk beside you on your journey of healing and transformation.
(949) 710-4062 View (949) 710-4062
Photo of Miranda Dinkins, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Miranda Dinkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95122
Hello! I'm Miranda Dinkins, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I thrive to offer professional therapy services that provide a comforting, warm, and inviting space for individuals to feel safe. Where individuals will have the opportunity to practice experiencing true emotions, processing past traumas, and mending scars in a healthy and appropriate way to eventually develop self-love, acceptance of self and identity, and confidence in taking on the next steps in life.
Hello! I'm Miranda Dinkins, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I thrive to offer professional therapy services that provide a comforting, warm, and inviting space for individuals to feel safe. Where individuals will have the opportunity to practice experiencing true emotions, processing past traumas, and mending scars in a healthy and appropriate way to eventually develop self-love, acceptance of self and identity, and confidence in taking on the next steps in life.
(408) 539-3092 View (408) 539-3092
Photo of Harry Motro - Couples Specialist, PsyD, LMFT, PC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Harry Motro - Couples Specialist
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, PC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95124
Need a therapist who specializes in COUPLES? Struggling with communication, anger, infidelity, Neurodiversity/Asperger's, or blending a family? Consider me because I : 1 - am fully dedicated to couples therapy, 2 - offer a Custom Content Library so you can extend therapy work between sessions, 3 - have specialized couples training at the Master's & Doctoral levels, 4 - teach Couples Therapy as an Adjunct Professor, & 5 - have been married 36 years with adult children. Working with a couples specialist, gives you the best chance to heal your relationship so you can feel safer, trusted and loved.
Need a therapist who specializes in COUPLES? Struggling with communication, anger, infidelity, Neurodiversity/Asperger's, or blending a family? Consider me because I : 1 - am fully dedicated to couples therapy, 2 - offer a Custom Content Library so you can extend therapy work between sessions, 3 - have specialized couples training at the Master's & Doctoral levels, 4 - teach Couples Therapy as an Adjunct Professor, & 5 - have been married 36 years with adult children. Working with a couples specialist, gives you the best chance to heal your relationship so you can feel safer, trusted and loved.
(408) 824-7367 View (408) 824-7367
Photo of Lisa Thanh Thu Gleason, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Thanh Thu Gleason
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95125
Life can be difficult when we face unexpected circumstances and challenges. Help is available and change IS possible. I believe in a compassionate, genuine and traditional therapy approach - collaborating with you, meeting you where you are at and being a pro-active and supportive companion on your journey to success. By partnering with you, I treat you wholly - not only focusing just on the symptoms - and help you set and achieve all your goals. Together, each session’s intention is to create meaningful progress and change that is inline with your ultimate goal. We can do this in either Vietnamese and/or English.
Life can be difficult when we face unexpected circumstances and challenges. Help is available and change IS possible. I believe in a compassionate, genuine and traditional therapy approach - collaborating with you, meeting you where you are at and being a pro-active and supportive companion on your journey to success. By partnering with you, I treat you wholly - not only focusing just on the symptoms - and help you set and achieve all your goals. Together, each session’s intention is to create meaningful progress and change that is inline with your ultimate goal. We can do this in either Vietnamese and/or English.
(408) 688-9165 View (408) 688-9165
Photo of Felicia Santiago, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Felicia Santiago
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95128
First off, I want to commend anyone who is taking the initiative to search and scour the Internet for extra support. I know how daunting the process can be, but you are here and this is the first step. Life can be stressful and scary at times. We all come from different walks of life, and sometimes we can not take on the world alone. My name is Felicia Santiago, and I hope to be a support to you by creating a safe space for you to express yourself. I am versatile in my approach and use a variety of therapeutic approaches based on individual clients and their presenting concerns. - email preferred and full monday availability!
First off, I want to commend anyone who is taking the initiative to search and scour the Internet for extra support. I know how daunting the process can be, but you are here and this is the first step. Life can be stressful and scary at times. We all come from different walks of life, and sometimes we can not take on the world alone. My name is Felicia Santiago, and I hope to be a support to you by creating a safe space for you to express yourself. I am versatile in my approach and use a variety of therapeutic approaches based on individual clients and their presenting concerns. - email preferred and full monday availability!
(855) 967-1238 View (855) 967-1238
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Jose, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in San Jose, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
70% Stress
67% Coping Skills
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Jose, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Jose?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.