Therapists in Port Saint Lucie, FL

Photo of Carrie Moore, LCMHC, Counselor
Carrie Moore
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34983
Hi- I am Carrie Moore, a licensed mental health counselor in the state of Florida. I have extensive experience with addiction, anxiety, and depression. I work with my clients to provide a safe space to facilitate the journey of healing. When working with clients, I hope to establish an effective therapeutic relationship and provide support and understanding to my clients through the entire therapeutic process. I look forward to working with you. I have always had a passion for helping people lead their best lives. I believe that we all need support and guidance at times, and I love being a part of the process.
Hi- I am Carrie Moore, a licensed mental health counselor in the state of Florida. I have extensive experience with addiction, anxiety, and depression. I work with my clients to provide a safe space to facilitate the journey of healing. When working with clients, I hope to establish an effective therapeutic relationship and provide support and understanding to my clients through the entire therapeutic process. I look forward to working with you. I have always had a passion for helping people lead their best lives. I believe that we all need support and guidance at times, and I love being a part of the process.
(786) 982-7690 View (786) 982-7690
Photo of Cedence Holness, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cedence Holness
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34986
Cedence received her BSW at Florida Atlantic University and her Master’s degree in Social Work from Barry University Miami Florida. Cedence has over 12 years’ experience providing clinical services to individuals, families and groups. Cedence has experience providing counseling services to a variety of individuals, particularly adolescents, in various settings within the community and in schools. Cedence has training in trauma-Focus CBT, Trauma Incident Reduction t and utilizes a collaborative and compassionate approach to counseling to foster hope, healing and resilience.
Cedence received her BSW at Florida Atlantic University and her Master’s degree in Social Work from Barry University Miami Florida. Cedence has over 12 years’ experience providing clinical services to individuals, families and groups. Cedence has experience providing counseling services to a variety of individuals, particularly adolescents, in various settings within the community and in schools. Cedence has training in trauma-Focus CBT, Trauma Incident Reduction t and utilizes a collaborative and compassionate approach to counseling to foster hope, healing and resilience.
(772) 291-5390 View (772) 291-5390
Photo of Sanjeeta Khalid, RMHCI
Sanjeeta Khalid
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952
Are you grappling with the debilitating effects of anxiety and depression, facing daily challenges in managing your emotions and navigating life's stressors? Are you in need of a compassionate ear and effective coping strategies to alleviate your symptoms and regain a sense of stability? Are your goals to find inner peace, overcome self-doubt, and reclaim your joy? Do you yearn to break free from the grip of mental illness and live a life defined by resilience, fulfillment, and meaningful connections? Your pursuit may stem from a deep-seated desire for relief and the belief that you deserve a brighter, happier future.
Are you grappling with the debilitating effects of anxiety and depression, facing daily challenges in managing your emotions and navigating life's stressors? Are you in need of a compassionate ear and effective coping strategies to alleviate your symptoms and regain a sense of stability? Are your goals to find inner peace, overcome self-doubt, and reclaim your joy? Do you yearn to break free from the grip of mental illness and live a life defined by resilience, fulfillment, and meaningful connections? Your pursuit may stem from a deep-seated desire for relief and the belief that you deserve a brighter, happier future.
(772) 362-5404 View (772) 362-5404
Photo of Barbara Palomino de Velasco, PsyD, Psychologist
Barbara Palomino de Velasco
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952
Hello, my name is Dr. Barbara Palomino de Velasco, or if you wish, you may call me "Dr. P." I have been working with adults and families for over 20 years. I have had the privilege of assisting them in communication, problem-solving, depression management, anxiety reduction, substance abuse, sexual issues in relationships, family issues, and life transitions, emphasizing helping them develop adaptive coping skills. Additionally, I train nationwide on law enforcement suicide prevention, critical incidents, and building more resilient first responder families.
Hello, my name is Dr. Barbara Palomino de Velasco, or if you wish, you may call me "Dr. P." I have been working with adults and families for over 20 years. I have had the privilege of assisting them in communication, problem-solving, depression management, anxiety reduction, substance abuse, sexual issues in relationships, family issues, and life transitions, emphasizing helping them develop adaptive coping skills. Additionally, I train nationwide on law enforcement suicide prevention, critical incidents, and building more resilient first responder families.
(813) 820-6197 View (813) 820-6197
Photo of Sophie Hans, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophie Hans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
(561) 253-9933 View (561) 253-9933
Photo of James Cote, LMHC, Counselor
James Cote
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34953  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) practicing in the State of Florida with 6+ years of professional experience supporting and empowering adults and couples struggling with a wide array of mental health challenges such as anxiety, trauma, inner conflict, and many others (see Specialties for a full list). I maintain an open and safe space for you to explore your innermost thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment - all parts of you are welcome.
Hello! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) practicing in the State of Florida with 6+ years of professional experience supporting and empowering adults and couples struggling with a wide array of mental health challenges such as anxiety, trauma, inner conflict, and many others (see Specialties for a full list). I maintain an open and safe space for you to explore your innermost thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment - all parts of you are welcome.
(561) 823-3646 View (561) 823-3646
Photo of Stephany Rivera Amin, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephany Rivera Amin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952
Stephany Rivera (she/her/ella) is a Florida-based Latina, English and Spanish- Speaking, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. She is a proud first-generation Colombian-American and college graduate who has experienced the marginalization of coming from an immigrant family. These experiences have informed her passion of providing each client with a supportive space to overcome the stigmas of mental health in BIPOC communities.
Stephany Rivera (she/her/ella) is a Florida-based Latina, English and Spanish- Speaking, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. She is a proud first-generation Colombian-American and college graduate who has experienced the marginalization of coming from an immigrant family. These experiences have informed her passion of providing each client with a supportive space to overcome the stigmas of mental health in BIPOC communities.
(772) 783-3473 View (772) 783-3473
Photo of Lisa Burton, LPC, NCC, ALPS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Burton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ALPS
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34984  (Online Only)
I have been a counselor for 26 plus years. I am a licensed professional counselor, certified school counselor and approved licensed professional supervisor. I have worked with adults, couples and adolescents. I primarily work with clients related to anxiety, grief/loss, depression, life changes, ADHD symptoms, communication issues, anger management and parenting struggles. I always say, "Counseling is difficult. If it were easy, everyone would be doing it". It is important for you to be ready to commit and explore new ways of thinking and handling situations.
I have been a counselor for 26 plus years. I am a licensed professional counselor, certified school counselor and approved licensed professional supervisor. I have worked with adults, couples and adolescents. I primarily work with clients related to anxiety, grief/loss, depression, life changes, ADHD symptoms, communication issues, anger management and parenting struggles. I always say, "Counseling is difficult. If it were easy, everyone would be doing it". It is important for you to be ready to commit and explore new ways of thinking and handling situations.
(772) 732-4031 View (772) 732-4031
Photo of Karina Solis - Blue Faith Solis Counseling PLLC, LMHC
Blue Faith Solis Counseling PLLC
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel stuck in life? Feel like no matter what you do, things do not seem to get better? Do you ever feel lonely, sad, and at times like no one hears you or understands you? Do you find yourself struggling to balance your life and job? Are you struggling with stress, anxiety or depression? If so, you came to the right place as I am here to help you! Everyone can use a helping hand and a listening ear when their world feels upside down. Whether it is related to family issues, relationship trouble, work or life stressors, together we can identify what has been working out and what has not been working out in your life.
Do you ever feel stuck in life? Feel like no matter what you do, things do not seem to get better? Do you ever feel lonely, sad, and at times like no one hears you or understands you? Do you find yourself struggling to balance your life and job? Are you struggling with stress, anxiety or depression? If so, you came to the right place as I am here to help you! Everyone can use a helping hand and a listening ear when their world feels upside down. Whether it is related to family issues, relationship trouble, work or life stressors, together we can identify what has been working out and what has not been working out in your life.
(772) 666-7208 View (772) 666-7208
Photo of Albania Mercedes Alardo, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Albania Mercedes Alardo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. I'm a bilingual Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over a decade of experience. I understand that you may have arrived here feeling lost, desperate, or even on the brink of giving up. I'm truly glad you're here. Dealing with emotions and feelings can be draining and exhausting, but please don't lose hope. That's precisely why I'm here—to offer hope.
Hello and welcome. I'm a bilingual Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over a decade of experience. I understand that you may have arrived here feeling lost, desperate, or even on the brink of giving up. I'm truly glad you're here. Dealing with emotions and feelings can be draining and exhausting, but please don't lose hope. That's precisely why I'm here—to offer hope.
(772) 732-7150 View (772) 732-7150
Photo of Bill Parker - Experience Matters Counseling, LLC, JD, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Experience Matters Counseling, LLC
Counselor, JD, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34983
My ideal client comes as they are, or at the very least, is open to change. My role includes helping a client uncover the desire and motivation to change patterns that may keep them from moving forward. Being open to change may be all we need to take small steps in the right direction. Like a snowball rolling downhill, motivation increases with the momentum of progress.
My ideal client comes as they are, or at the very least, is open to change. My role includes helping a client uncover the desire and motivation to change patterns that may keep them from moving forward. Being open to change may be all we need to take small steps in the right direction. Like a snowball rolling downhill, motivation increases with the momentum of progress.
(561) 510-9484 View (561) 510-9484
Photo of Carla Glasgow, Carla, Glasgow, LMHC, Counselor
Carla Glasgow
Counselor, Carla, Glasgow, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34988
Life can sometimes throw us emotional curveballs that are unexpected and difficult to handle. Whether it's sudden changes, losses, or challenges we didn’t see coming, these moments can leave us feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or even lost. Trying to process these negative emotions on our own can be debilitating. Sometimes we need extra support to navigate these emotional curveballs and make sense of our feelings and thoughts.
Life can sometimes throw us emotional curveballs that are unexpected and difficult to handle. Whether it's sudden changes, losses, or challenges we didn’t see coming, these moments can leave us feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or even lost. Trying to process these negative emotions on our own can be debilitating. Sometimes we need extra support to navigate these emotional curveballs and make sense of our feelings and thoughts.
(772) 279-3602 View (772) 279-3602
Photo of Crystal Ann Kelly, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Crystal Ann Kelly
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34953  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Crystal Kelly, a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist. I am a compassionate therapist, originally from Miami, FL and of Jamaican descent. I am excited about helping clients through their healing journey. For nearly a decade, I have enjoyed working with a diverse population by providing quality therapeutic support and interventions. My therapeutic approach is person centered and I implement Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, DBT, and trauma related interventions.
Hello, I am Crystal Kelly, a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist. I am a compassionate therapist, originally from Miami, FL and of Jamaican descent. I am excited about helping clients through their healing journey. For nearly a decade, I have enjoyed working with a diverse population by providing quality therapeutic support and interventions. My therapeutic approach is person centered and I implement Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, DBT, and trauma related interventions.
(772) 732-3034 View (772) 732-3034
Photo of Aeron DeGroat, MA, LMHC, MCAP, Counselor
Aeron DeGroat
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MCAP
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952
My ideal client may present with a variety of issues, but ultimately they are motivated to seek change and implement strategies discussed in therapy while in-between sessions. They strive to be open and vulnerable in sessions and are looking to be an active and collaborative part of their therapeutic journey. I believe that we are all experts on our own experience, and a client who is willing to provide feedback on what is working and what isn't can assist in helping them tailor the therapy experience to their individual needs.
My ideal client may present with a variety of issues, but ultimately they are motivated to seek change and implement strategies discussed in therapy while in-between sessions. They strive to be open and vulnerable in sessions and are looking to be an active and collaborative part of their therapeutic journey. I believe that we are all experts on our own experience, and a client who is willing to provide feedback on what is working and what isn't can assist in helping them tailor the therapy experience to their individual needs.
(772) 272-0422 View (772) 272-0422
Photo of Chrisanna G Harrington - Nutegra Mental Health and Nutrition, Inc., MA, RDN, LMHC, QS, Counselor
Nutegra Mental Health and Nutrition, Inc.
Counselor, MA, RDN, LMHC, QS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34986
We see you through Telehealth throughout Florida or Colorado! Or in person in our Port St. Lucie office. If you have struggled with your weight you are our client! We treat all eating disorders, restricting, binge eating, and the roller coaster of both! Now with new scientific research, we know that your brain and gut work together to make your food choices. We know it takes getting your body chemistry back in line, by righting the ghrelin and leptin systems. What's that? Become a patient and you will find out. Oh, and did I tell you, we have a 100% success rate? And mental health improves as well! Good Food equals a Good Mood!
We see you through Telehealth throughout Florida or Colorado! Or in person in our Port St. Lucie office. If you have struggled with your weight you are our client! We treat all eating disorders, restricting, binge eating, and the roller coaster of both! Now with new scientific research, we know that your brain and gut work together to make your food choices. We know it takes getting your body chemistry back in line, by righting the ghrelin and leptin systems. What's that? Become a patient and you will find out. Oh, and did I tell you, we have a 100% success rate? And mental health improves as well! Good Food equals a Good Mood!
(239) 282-4681 View (239) 282-4681
Photo of Nicolas Vasquez, Counselor
Nicolas Vasquez
Counselor
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34986
Now Accepting New Clients!
Now Accepting New Clients!
(727) 353-2756 View (727) 353-2756
Photo of Diann Jimenez, MS, LMHC
Diann Jimenez
MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34984  (Online Only)
I'm a compassionate and experienced mental health counselor dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges. With a warm and friendly approach, I empower clients to take control of their mental well-being and foster meaningful growth. As a professional counselor, I've had the privilege of working with diverse populations, including student athletes, couples, and professionals. I'm passionate about providing practical tools and strategies to enhance communication, coping skills, and overall mental health.
I'm a compassionate and experienced mental health counselor dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges. With a warm and friendly approach, I empower clients to take control of their mental well-being and foster meaningful growth. As a professional counselor, I've had the privilege of working with diverse populations, including student athletes, couples, and professionals. I'm passionate about providing practical tools and strategies to enhance communication, coping skills, and overall mental health.
(772) 877-0628 View (772) 877-0628
Photo of Didem Hacioglu, RMHCI , MS , EdS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Didem Hacioglu
Pre-Licensed Professional, RMHCI , MS , EdS
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34952
Are you navigating life's emotional rollercoaster & looking for a friendly hand to hold along the way? Are you dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, self-loathing and relationship challenges? Are you looking for relief from your struggles, a boost in self-worth, and stronger connections with yourself and others? You may want to break free from the past, learn positive coping strategies, cultivate healthy habits, learn acceptance, and find peace within yourself. My ideal client is someone who just wants to feel like themselves again—laughing, loving, and living life to the fullest.
Are you navigating life's emotional rollercoaster & looking for a friendly hand to hold along the way? Are you dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, self-loathing and relationship challenges? Are you looking for relief from your struggles, a boost in self-worth, and stronger connections with yourself and others? You may want to break free from the past, learn positive coping strategies, cultivate healthy habits, learn acceptance, and find peace within yourself. My ideal client is someone who just wants to feel like themselves again—laughing, loving, and living life to the fullest.
(772) 732-1200 View (772) 732-1200
Photo of Tracy Ann Hogan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracy Ann Hogan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34986
I was licensed as a Clinical Social Worker in 1998 and have been working in the field of mental health for over 30 years. I have worked in school with children who have emotional and social problems, in a hospital setting with patients having an array of diagnosis and in a residential treatment facility with people who have substance abuse issues or dual diagnosis. With my experience I have enjoyed helping people with their journey to recovering from depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and trauma.
I was licensed as a Clinical Social Worker in 1998 and have been working in the field of mental health for over 30 years. I have worked in school with children who have emotional and social problems, in a hospital setting with patients having an array of diagnosis and in a residential treatment facility with people who have substance abuse issues or dual diagnosis. With my experience I have enjoyed helping people with their journey to recovering from depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and trauma.
(772) 263-8663 View (772) 263-8663
Photo of Britney Henley, MS , LMHC, Counselor
Britney Henley
Counselor, MS , LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Saint Lucie, FL 34953  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing life challenges such as family discord, low self-esteem, substance abuse issues, anxiety, and depression? If so, I am here to help provide you with direction and guidance. Do you struggle with developing structure in their life? If so, as your therapist, I will help you learn to focus on yourself. As your therapist I will help you develop coping skills to decrease anxiety and depression and become more aware of your triggers that lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, substance abuse, and family problems. As your therapist, I will help you focus on finding solutions to your problems.
Are you experiencing life challenges such as family discord, low self-esteem, substance abuse issues, anxiety, and depression? If so, I am here to help provide you with direction and guidance. Do you struggle with developing structure in their life? If so, as your therapist, I will help you learn to focus on yourself. As your therapist I will help you develop coping skills to decrease anxiety and depression and become more aware of your triggers that lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, substance abuse, and family problems. As your therapist, I will help you focus on finding solutions to your problems.
(954) 504-6779 View (954) 504-6779
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Port Saint Lucie, FL

300+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Port Saint Lucie, FL who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
68% Relationship Issues
65% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
83% Cigna and Evernorth
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Port Saint Lucie, FL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Port Saint Lucie?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.