Therapists in Upper Arlington, OH

Photo of Tiffany Spangler, LPC, LICDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany Spangler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LICDC
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Are you seeking treatment to enrich your life? Are you willing to explore your past, present, and future to gain insight into your illnesses? Are you willing to do the work with me guiding you?
Are you seeking treatment to enrich your life? Are you willing to explore your past, present, and future to gain insight into your illnesses? Are you willing to do the work with me guiding you?
(614) 412-4517 View (614) 412-4517
Photo of Stephanie Jefferson, MEd, LPCC, Counselor
Stephanie Jefferson
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Have you recently lost a loved one? Moved away from family or lost a job? Graduated and felt unsure what to do next? Did a relationship end that left you feeling heartbroken? Have you lost motivation to get tasks done and spend time with friends? I can help you process your loss, learn coping skills, understand why you feel the way you feel, and most importantly, adjust to your new normal.
Have you recently lost a loved one? Moved away from family or lost a job? Graduated and felt unsure what to do next? Did a relationship end that left you feeling heartbroken? Have you lost motivation to get tasks done and spend time with friends? I can help you process your loss, learn coping skills, understand why you feel the way you feel, and most importantly, adjust to your new normal.
(614) 666-6822 View (614) 666-6822
Photo of Amanda Winck, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Winck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Welcome! I am a licensed independent social worker with a passion for helping women in all stages of life. I believe that every person is the expert of their own life and has the ability to both accept and change what will give them a life worth living, and I strive to help each individual see their unique strengths.
Welcome! I am a licensed independent social worker with a passion for helping women in all stages of life. I believe that every person is the expert of their own life and has the ability to both accept and change what will give them a life worth living, and I strive to help each individual see their unique strengths.
(614) 414-3638 View (614) 414-3638
Photo of Maggie Reinmann, LPCC-S, Counselor
Maggie Reinmann
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
I believe that every client has the tools required to make helpful and meaningful change in their lives. As a therapist, I view myself as a guide and appreciate that you are an expert about all things related to your life and your experiences. We will collaboratively make achievable goals to see change bloom. We will work together to challenge unhelpful, difficult thought patterns that we all have experienced.
I believe that every client has the tools required to make helpful and meaningful change in their lives. As a therapist, I view myself as a guide and appreciate that you are an expert about all things related to your life and your experiences. We will collaboratively make achievable goals to see change bloom. We will work together to challenge unhelpful, difficult thought patterns that we all have experienced.
(614) 482-2658 View (614) 482-2658
Photo of Tracy Wheeler, MSW, LISW-S, LICDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tracy Wheeler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSW, LISW-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
(380) 205-2424 View (380) 205-2424
Photo of Alison Prince, MS, LPCC, SEP, Counselor
Alison Prince
Counselor, MS, LPCC, SEP
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43220
Hi, I am glad you have made the decision to seek help. That shows incredible courage and motivation. Are you feeling anxious and depressed? Maybe questioning how to go forward in a confusing season of your life? Are you struggling to understand why you are easily thrown off course? Or perhaps have you found it painful to live in your body in the present moment? You do not have to figure it out alone. We can work together to create a path to well-being, ease and a life worth living.
Hi, I am glad you have made the decision to seek help. That shows incredible courage and motivation. Are you feeling anxious and depressed? Maybe questioning how to go forward in a confusing season of your life? Are you struggling to understand why you are easily thrown off course? Or perhaps have you found it painful to live in your body in the present moment? You do not have to figure it out alone. We can work together to create a path to well-being, ease and a life worth living.
(614) 618-3426 View (614) 618-3426
Photo of Cora Spring Moon - Intrinsic Connections, LSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Intrinsic Connections
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Hello! Thank you for reading, and for valuing your mental health—you are important, and it takes a lot of help, skills, and spirit to be you. This wild world - I don't know how anyone could do it alone these days. Everyone can benefit from therapy - from having a designated person and a specific hour to sit down and unfold the many arenas of your life, to examine your strengths, weaknesses, fears and hopes, and see how to be happy. I work with people dealing with trauma, addiction, depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and relationship issues using EMDR, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Internal Family Systems, and meditation.
Hello! Thank you for reading, and for valuing your mental health—you are important, and it takes a lot of help, skills, and spirit to be you. This wild world - I don't know how anyone could do it alone these days. Everyone can benefit from therapy - from having a designated person and a specific hour to sit down and unfold the many arenas of your life, to examine your strengths, weaknesses, fears and hopes, and see how to be happy. I work with people dealing with trauma, addiction, depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and relationship issues using EMDR, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Internal Family Systems, and meditation.
(380) 207-1401 View (380) 207-1401
Photo of Gretchen Heideloff, MSW,  LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gretchen Heideloff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Gretchen Heideloff, LISWS, provides therapy to individuals, couples, and families, catering to diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Fluent in Spanish and proficient in Mandarin, Gretchen specializes in trauma, anxiety, depression, and acculturation issues, Gretchen incorporates evidencebased interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and exposure therapy into her practice. She is trained in Integrative Family and Systems Treatment (IFAST) and the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT), offering a holistic approach to healing and growth.
Gretchen Heideloff, LISWS, provides therapy to individuals, couples, and families, catering to diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Fluent in Spanish and proficient in Mandarin, Gretchen specializes in trauma, anxiety, depression, and acculturation issues, Gretchen incorporates evidencebased interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and exposure therapy into her practice. She is trained in Integrative Family and Systems Treatment (IFAST) and the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT), offering a holistic approach to healing and growth.
(614) 541-3453 View (614) 541-3453
Photo of Jaret Wiblin, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jaret Wiblin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Jaret's approach to therapy is a collaborative journey where the client and therapist work together authentically to address the client's goals and needs. He believes that the essence of human nature is to continually move towards growth in positive ways. Jaret seeks to empower you on your journey to radical self-acceptance through practicing nonjudgmental support and helping you find meaning in your story. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Sciences degree in Psychology and Legal Studies from the University of Cincinnati and his Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from The Ohio State University.
Jaret's approach to therapy is a collaborative journey where the client and therapist work together authentically to address the client's goals and needs. He believes that the essence of human nature is to continually move towards growth in positive ways. Jaret seeks to empower you on your journey to radical self-acceptance through practicing nonjudgmental support and helping you find meaning in your story. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Sciences degree in Psychology and Legal Studies from the University of Cincinnati and his Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from The Ohio State University.
(614) 714-3244 View (614) 714-3244
Photo of Dr. Demetra Taylor, PhD, LPCC-S, Counselor
Dr. Demetra Taylor
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
There is a way to regain hope and confidence. I can help you as you work through difficult times to make sense of and overcome difficult life situations. Many times, it is the perception that things are impossible that can stop someone from moving forward and healing. I would like to work with you through whatever concerns you. My passion for this field and desire to help others, is what will make this a positive opportunity for you to achieve your goals.
There is a way to regain hope and confidence. I can help you as you work through difficult times to make sense of and overcome difficult life situations. Many times, it is the perception that things are impossible that can stop someone from moving forward and healing. I would like to work with you through whatever concerns you. My passion for this field and desire to help others, is what will make this a positive opportunity for you to achieve your goals.
(614) 418-6694 View (614) 418-6694
Photo of Jay Karr - Reclaim Your Path LLC, LPCC, NCC
Reclaim Your Path LLC
LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Waitlist for new clients
Perhaps your life seems to check all the boxes from an outside perspective. But inside you feel stuck, struggling to experience the life you want. Maybe you’re reconciling with traumas from your past, coping with the chronic stress of work or school, or dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, or depression. Life may have thrown you an unexpected detour or significant loss, finding yourself at a crossroads in your career or at the end of a significant relationship. Or, things might be going well, but you know you have the potential for more. If any of this resonates, I can work with you to explore, define, and reclaim your path.
Perhaps your life seems to check all the boxes from an outside perspective. But inside you feel stuck, struggling to experience the life you want. Maybe you’re reconciling with traumas from your past, coping with the chronic stress of work or school, or dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, or depression. Life may have thrown you an unexpected detour or significant loss, finding yourself at a crossroads in your career or at the end of a significant relationship. Or, things might be going well, but you know you have the potential for more. If any of this resonates, I can work with you to explore, define, and reclaim your path.
(380) 207-1261 View (380) 207-1261
Photo of Kathryn A Jilek, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathryn A Jilek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
My name is Kathryn Jilek and I am a Licensed Social Worker. I have been practicing social work for over 14 years. I graduated with a Bachelor's Degree in Human Development Family Science and have a Master's Degree in Social Work from The Ohio State University. I have had the pleasure of working with a variety of individuals ranging from prenatal to over 100 years old from different racial, ethnic, religious social economic groups. I have worked with individuals struggling with marital and family issues, mental health issues including depression, anxiety, ptsd, ocd, bipolar, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance/alcohol use.
My name is Kathryn Jilek and I am a Licensed Social Worker. I have been practicing social work for over 14 years. I graduated with a Bachelor's Degree in Human Development Family Science and have a Master's Degree in Social Work from The Ohio State University. I have had the pleasure of working with a variety of individuals ranging from prenatal to over 100 years old from different racial, ethnic, religious social economic groups. I have worked with individuals struggling with marital and family issues, mental health issues including depression, anxiety, ptsd, ocd, bipolar, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance/alcohol use.
(380) 888-3605 View (380) 888-3605
Photo of Margaret L. Sullivan, MA,, MS ed,, LSW
Margaret L. Sullivan
, MA,, MS ed,, LSW
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
When you're with me, trust that it will be a HIPAA compliant, safe and secure experience, with optional, scheduled office appointments upon request. Who is a typical client and what brings him or her to seek help? You are an individual who may have a busy schedule, a family, or perhaps a physical or psychological mobility issue. You are someone who may have no previous exposure to therapy, counseling or consultation services, or someone who is a seasoned traveler. Whatever the reason, your comprehensive needs are my professional priority.
When you're with me, trust that it will be a HIPAA compliant, safe and secure experience, with optional, scheduled office appointments upon request. Who is a typical client and what brings him or her to seek help? You are an individual who may have a busy schedule, a family, or perhaps a physical or psychological mobility issue. You are someone who may have no previous exposure to therapy, counseling or consultation services, or someone who is a seasoned traveler. Whatever the reason, your comprehensive needs are my professional priority.
(380) 207-1102 View (380) 207-1102
Photo of Karl Bachman, PsyD, Psychologist
Karl Bachman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Karl Bachman earned his doctorate and master's degree from The Ohio State University and his bachelor's degree in Experimental-Physiological Psychology from Ohio Wesleyan University. He has provided services in settings including university (The Center for Integrated Medicine at Ohio State) and private practice. Besides cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy he has training in hypnosis, integrative therapy and EMDR. He provides services to adults and elderly as well as couples and families. His specialty areas include anxiety, depression, ADHD, weight loss/nutritional issues, chronic disease and sleep disorders.
Karl Bachman earned his doctorate and master's degree from The Ohio State University and his bachelor's degree in Experimental-Physiological Psychology from Ohio Wesleyan University. He has provided services in settings including university (The Center for Integrated Medicine at Ohio State) and private practice. Besides cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy he has training in hypnosis, integrative therapy and EMDR. He provides services to adults and elderly as well as couples and families. His specialty areas include anxiety, depression, ADHD, weight loss/nutritional issues, chronic disease and sleep disorders.
(380) 205-0697 View (380) 205-0697
Photo of Wild Hope Therapy, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wild Hope Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
At Wild Hope Therapy, we believe that therapy can be impactful and enriching while still feeling down-to-earth and accessible. We value collaboration, cultural humility, and seeing you as the expert of your own experience. Our style is warm and relaxed, but we will always be working diligently with you to develop the tools you need to meet your self-defined goals. We intend to create a space where you feel like you can be yourself, and trust us to hold you to whatever values and objectives we uncover.
At Wild Hope Therapy, we believe that therapy can be impactful and enriching while still feeling down-to-earth and accessible. We value collaboration, cultural humility, and seeing you as the expert of your own experience. Our style is warm and relaxed, but we will always be working diligently with you to develop the tools you need to meet your self-defined goals. We intend to create a space where you feel like you can be yourself, and trust us to hold you to whatever values and objectives we uncover.
(614) 992-7903 View (614) 992-7903
Photo of Ashleigh Roosz, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashleigh Roosz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
I am a licensed independent social worker and my clinical emphasis lies in treating trauma, eating disorders, anxiety and life transitions. In addition to private practice, I have provided psychotherapy in various settings such as in home; inpatient for co-occurring disorders and in an outpatient setting for general mental health and domestic violence.
I am a licensed independent social worker and my clinical emphasis lies in treating trauma, eating disorders, anxiety and life transitions. In addition to private practice, I have provided psychotherapy in various settings such as in home; inpatient for co-occurring disorders and in an outpatient setting for general mental health and domestic violence.
(614) 618-4309 View (614) 618-4309
Photo of Kelsi Rooks, MA , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelsi Rooks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Are you struggling to feel heard and validated? Are you having difficulty managing your emotions, finding purpose, or processing lived experiences? Are you in need of someone capable of providing guidance, active listening, empathetic understanding, & who can provide them with the tools to succeed? Are you open to gaining the knowledge and skills used in everyday life to help you grow and improve your overall well-being? I offer coping skills, resources, and knowledge to overcome any mental health challenges you may be facing. Instilling your self-confidence to succeed and walking this journey alongside you.
Are you struggling to feel heard and validated? Are you having difficulty managing your emotions, finding purpose, or processing lived experiences? Are you in need of someone capable of providing guidance, active listening, empathetic understanding, & who can provide them with the tools to succeed? Are you open to gaining the knowledge and skills used in everyday life to help you grow and improve your overall well-being? I offer coping skills, resources, and knowledge to overcome any mental health challenges you may be facing. Instilling your self-confidence to succeed and walking this journey alongside you.
(614) 414-3943 View (614) 414-3943
Photo of Tracie Keller - Keller Counseling and Associates, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keller Counseling and Associates
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
We are a practice of licensed professionals who strive to build authentic relationships with our clients to help them make the changes that they are looking to make. While we are professionals, we are not the expert of our clients and instead aim to walk alongside them. We enjoy working with clients of all walks of life and we place value on the "fit" between client and counselor. For this reason, we have a thorough intake process that helps match client with clinician, including a free 15 minute consultation with a clinical intern prior to scheduling.
We are a practice of licensed professionals who strive to build authentic relationships with our clients to help them make the changes that they are looking to make. While we are professionals, we are not the expert of our clients and instead aim to walk alongside them. We enjoy working with clients of all walks of life and we place value on the "fit" between client and counselor. For this reason, we have a thorough intake process that helps match client with clinician, including a free 15 minute consultation with a clinical intern prior to scheduling.
(614) 983-3381 x1 View (614) 983-3381 x1
Photo of Jana Bergfeld - Jana Bergfeld LISW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jana Bergfeld LISW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, or in a difficult relationship, therapy can help create more balance and renewed connection with others. Trained in Marriage and Family Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I use evidenced based practices to work with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, and life transitions, as well as, couples and family therapy. My philosophy about therapy is that everyone needs to experience safety, confidentiality and feel understood in order to make necessary changes that can lead to more fulfilling life choices.
Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, or in a difficult relationship, therapy can help create more balance and renewed connection with others. Trained in Marriage and Family Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I use evidenced based practices to work with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, and life transitions, as well as, couples and family therapy. My philosophy about therapy is that everyone needs to experience safety, confidentiality and feel understood in order to make necessary changes that can lead to more fulfilling life choices.
(614) 705-2798 View (614) 705-2798
Photo of Jazmine Galbreath, LPCC-S
Jazmine Galbreath
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I am passionate about helping guide individuals on their journey towards transformative change. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space to share your concerns, struggles, and aspirations to facilitate personal growth. I utilize several evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivation Interviewing (MI), and Person-Centered Therapy to tailor therapy based on the individual. My areas of focus are depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, and relationship concerns. If you are viewing this page, you ha
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I am passionate about helping guide individuals on their journey towards transformative change. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space to share your concerns, struggles, and aspirations to facilitate personal growth. I utilize several evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivation Interviewing (MI), and Person-Centered Therapy to tailor therapy based on the individual. My areas of focus are depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, and relationship concerns. If you are viewing this page, you ha
(614) 739-8683 View (614) 739-8683

See more therapy options for Upper Arlington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Upper Arlington, OH

100+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Upper Arlington, OH who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
94% Depression
76% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
71% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Optum

How Therapists in Upper Arlington, OH see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Upper Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.