Therapists in Richardson, TX

Photo of Christine Culp, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Christine Culp
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75082
I specialize in premarital and marriage counseling, utilizing the renowned Gottman Method, the Prepare/Enrich program, and other modalities as appropriate. My passion lies in guiding couples towards deeper understanding, healthier communication, and lasting intimacy. I provide a nurturing space for couples to explore their dynamics, strengthen their bond, and develop the skills needed for a thriving partnership. Additionally, with my diverse background in both accounting/finance and couples counseling, I bring a unique perspective to helping couples work through the high-conflict topic of money in constructive ways.
I specialize in premarital and marriage counseling, utilizing the renowned Gottman Method, the Prepare/Enrich program, and other modalities as appropriate. My passion lies in guiding couples towards deeper understanding, healthier communication, and lasting intimacy. I provide a nurturing space for couples to explore their dynamics, strengthen their bond, and develop the skills needed for a thriving partnership. Additionally, with my diverse background in both accounting/finance and couples counseling, I bring a unique perspective to helping couples work through the high-conflict topic of money in constructive ways.
(972) 845-8742 View (972) 845-8742
Photo of Bret Martin, PsyD, Psychologist
Bret Martin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081
Welcome, my name is Dr. Bret Martin. If you are seeking a committed, empathic therapist, please feel free to explore my profile. My approach to therapy involves getting to know people as individuals, then tailoring treatment to meet their unique needs. I collaborate with clients to help them identify their treatment goals, then achieve those goals in the manner that is right for them. I enjoy helping clients look inward to identify personal strengths and generate practical solutions to challenges. I also firmly believe in respecting the vulnerability and privacy that are key in developing a productive therapeutic alliance.
Welcome, my name is Dr. Bret Martin. If you are seeking a committed, empathic therapist, please feel free to explore my profile. My approach to therapy involves getting to know people as individuals, then tailoring treatment to meet their unique needs. I collaborate with clients to help them identify their treatment goals, then achieve those goals in the manner that is right for them. I enjoy helping clients look inward to identify personal strengths and generate practical solutions to challenges. I also firmly believe in respecting the vulnerability and privacy that are key in developing a productive therapeutic alliance.
(972) 433-9803 View (972) 433-9803
Photo of Shelly Bates, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shelly Bates
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
Relational conflict can stem from the stress/trauma you experienced with your caregivers or parents as a child. They were there physically, maybe even financially, but lacked emotional attunement to your needs. As an adult, you are afraid of being rejected or abandoned, so you over-give, over-explain, over-please, for the sake of connection, all at the expense of your needs and wants. Perhaps you never had a voice and speaking up is difficult. Let's get to the root of it all so you can find yourself and your voice, see yourself differently, and connect with others from a healthier mindset, thus engaging in healthier relationships.
Relational conflict can stem from the stress/trauma you experienced with your caregivers or parents as a child. They were there physically, maybe even financially, but lacked emotional attunement to your needs. As an adult, you are afraid of being rejected or abandoned, so you over-give, over-explain, over-please, for the sake of connection, all at the expense of your needs and wants. Perhaps you never had a voice and speaking up is difficult. Let's get to the root of it all so you can find yourself and your voice, see yourself differently, and connect with others from a healthier mindset, thus engaging in healthier relationships.
(972) 636-4457 View (972) 636-4457
Photo of Katy Vandruff, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katy Vandruff
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080  (Online Only)
Accepting new virtual clients only. No one should have to go through this life alone. I believe in the power of relationships to bring about positive transformation. My focus is to be a safe and warm presence for you to process and make sense of your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. With empathy and gentleness, I allow clients to take the lead in their own healing process, while offering guidance and perspective so that you can be the best version of yourself. As a counselor, it is an honor to sit with people in the midst of this messy life, human to human, as hope and healing come alive. To me, there is no greater privilege.
Accepting new virtual clients only. No one should have to go through this life alone. I believe in the power of relationships to bring about positive transformation. My focus is to be a safe and warm presence for you to process and make sense of your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. With empathy and gentleness, I allow clients to take the lead in their own healing process, while offering guidance and perspective so that you can be the best version of yourself. As a counselor, it is an honor to sit with people in the midst of this messy life, human to human, as hope and healing come alive. To me, there is no greater privilege.
(737) 204-8202 View (737) 204-8202
Photo of Alana Campbell, LCSW, PMH-C, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alana Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C, EMDR
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of anxious thoughts, sadness or maladaptive behaviors? Are you interested in learning ways to resolve conflict, improve your self esteem, and create more meaningful relationships? I understand how courageous it is to ask for help, and I look forward to collaborating with you to reach your personal best.
Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of anxious thoughts, sadness or maladaptive behaviors? Are you interested in learning ways to resolve conflict, improve your self esteem, and create more meaningful relationships? I understand how courageous it is to ask for help, and I look forward to collaborating with you to reach your personal best.
(214) 271-4504 View (214) 271-4504
Photo of Lane Johnson, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lane Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
My goal is to provide a safe and comfortable environment for us to work together in managing life's challenges and changes with tools to move towards a better and more meaningful life experience. Also have helpful tools for couples and families to build communication skills and understanding, paving the way to more harmonious relationships. I understand and respect the courage it takes to reach out. I want you to know that I support you and look forward to working with you! Evening and weekend hours available.
My goal is to provide a safe and comfortable environment for us to work together in managing life's challenges and changes with tools to move towards a better and more meaningful life experience. Also have helpful tools for couples and families to build communication skills and understanding, paving the way to more harmonious relationships. I understand and respect the courage it takes to reach out. I want you to know that I support you and look forward to working with you! Evening and weekend hours available.
(972) 370-5360 View (972) 370-5360
Photo of Candice Hakemack, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Candice Hakemack
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling stressed and overwhelmed by life? I would love to help offer some new strategies. My goal is to provide a warm and encouraging environment for you to share your story and to help you find strength to overcome your struggles. Since we are all unique, I believe that counseling is not a “one size fits all” approach. I pull from multiple theories in order to tailor my guidance to fit each client.
Are you feeling stressed and overwhelmed by life? I would love to help offer some new strategies. My goal is to provide a warm and encouraging environment for you to share your story and to help you find strength to overcome your struggles. Since we are all unique, I believe that counseling is not a “one size fits all” approach. I pull from multiple theories in order to tailor my guidance to fit each client.
(972) 440-5834 View (972) 440-5834
Photo of Kristina M. Stephens, MA, LPC, RPT, Counselor
Kristina M. Stephens
Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
PLAY THERAPY (age 2 & up!), FAMILIES, COUPLES (marital, pre marital, other) or INDIVIDUALS! I have worked with children and families for 13+ years. I taught in the public schools for 6 years before leaving the classroom to work with children and families in a more intimate, counseling setting. As a registered play therapist, I work with young clients who are having issues in school as well as home. I have training on attachment and bonding issues and frequently work with adoption triad cases (birth families, adoptive families, and adoptees). My clients range in age 2-adulthood!
PLAY THERAPY (age 2 & up!), FAMILIES, COUPLES (marital, pre marital, other) or INDIVIDUALS! I have worked with children and families for 13+ years. I taught in the public schools for 6 years before leaving the classroom to work with children and families in a more intimate, counseling setting. As a registered play therapist, I work with young clients who are having issues in school as well as home. I have training on attachment and bonding issues and frequently work with adoption triad cases (birth families, adoptive families, and adoptees). My clients range in age 2-adulthood!
(469) 908-3440 View (469) 908-3440
Photo of Katrina G Lane - Katrina Lane LLC, LPC-S, LMFT, NCC, LCMHC, Counselor
Katrina Lane LLC
Counselor, LPC-S, LMFT, NCC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
Do you feel anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed? Are you having a difficult time right now? You may have been through a lot and find that your past may be interfering with your current relationships or with your work. Would you like to be more at peace with yourself and understand yourself better? Maybe you want to be comfortable in your own skin, or maybe you just want to be a better person for yourself, your family, or your partner. Copy katrina-lane.clientsecure.me into your browser to schedule a consultation.
Do you feel anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed? Are you having a difficult time right now? You may have been through a lot and find that your past may be interfering with your current relationships or with your work. Would you like to be more at peace with yourself and understand yourself better? Maybe you want to be comfortable in your own skin, or maybe you just want to be a better person for yourself, your family, or your partner. Copy katrina-lane.clientsecure.me into your browser to schedule a consultation.
(214) 919-5339 View (214) 919-5339
Photo of Ruth Long, MA, LPC, SRT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ruth Long
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SRT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
I enjoy working with clients who have reached a place in their lives where they're looking for a better quality of life and need to address those issues that may be interfering with that goal. My goal is to walk along side you on this journey. We will work together through the ups and downs until we reach that place you've wanted to be.
I enjoy working with clients who have reached a place in their lives where they're looking for a better quality of life and need to address those issues that may be interfering with that goal. My goal is to walk along side you on this journey. We will work together through the ups and downs until we reach that place you've wanted to be.
(817) 380-1403 View (817) 380-1403
Photo of Rachel Wyatt, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Wyatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081
Not accepting new clients
Hello, looking for a place where you can feel safe to be vulnerable, gain insight and understanding, as well as work towards your desired goal(s)? I understand that we all have unique lives, experiences, and circumstances that can affect the way we think, behave, believe, and express ourselves. Being unique, having your own story to tell, and learning to navigate life is a part of our journey. Therapy can help with navigating these life changes as we grow, adapt, revert, thrive, and survive.
Hello, looking for a place where you can feel safe to be vulnerable, gain insight and understanding, as well as work towards your desired goal(s)? I understand that we all have unique lives, experiences, and circumstances that can affect the way we think, behave, believe, and express ourselves. Being unique, having your own story to tell, and learning to navigate life is a part of our journey. Therapy can help with navigating these life changes as we grow, adapt, revert, thrive, and survive.
(214) 206-4105 View (214) 206-4105
Photo of Rod Beck, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rod Beck
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75081
Are you in search of a more balanced, hopeful, and peaceful life? I understand how the challenges and twists of life can lead to anxiety, unrest, and a lack of peace. I help people build their relationships and guide people dealing with anger, anxiety, and depression. You can experience peace, direction, hope, and joy in your relationships and personal life! I will use the wisdom and empathy of Christian methods to achieve deep heart change. I also counsel using therapeutic strategies to help you develop practical tools so you can better manage and resolve the challenges you are currently facing.
Are you in search of a more balanced, hopeful, and peaceful life? I understand how the challenges and twists of life can lead to anxiety, unrest, and a lack of peace. I help people build their relationships and guide people dealing with anger, anxiety, and depression. You can experience peace, direction, hope, and joy in your relationships and personal life! I will use the wisdom and empathy of Christian methods to achieve deep heart change. I also counsel using therapeutic strategies to help you develop practical tools so you can better manage and resolve the challenges you are currently facing.
(469) 205-8119 View (469) 205-8119
Photo of Caroline Watson Kobylinski, LPC-S, LCDC, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Caroline Watson Kobylinski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LCDC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75080
I love helping people grow into the persons they have dreamt of becoming. Creating an environment where people feel safe to journey through the struggles—big and small— is my passion in life. My overall perspective on therapy is that life is hard and sometimes we need an unbiased ear to help process life events and issues. ​
I love helping people grow into the persons they have dreamt of becoming. Creating an environment where people feel safe to journey through the struggles—big and small— is my passion in life. My overall perspective on therapy is that life is hard and sometimes we need an unbiased ear to help process life events and issues. ​
(469) 373-9208 View (469) 373-9208
Photo of Edita Ruzgyte, PhD, LPCs, MFTs, AASECT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Edita Ruzgyte
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCs, MFTs, AASECT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
My expertise is sex therapy and couples therapy. I am passionately committed to empowering clients and challenging them to create the satisfying relationships and healthy families that they want. I work with men, women, and couples at different developmental states with equal ease, using my clinical insight, deeply positive attitude, and authentically supportive approach. For years I have taught my graduate students the importance of a genuinely non-judgmental attitude when treating sexual issues. Knowledge of the wide range of sexual expression and variations is important, too. I am pleased to provide this attitude and knowledge to all my clients.
My expertise is sex therapy and couples therapy. I am passionately committed to empowering clients and challenging them to create the satisfying relationships and healthy families that they want. I work with men, women, and couples at different developmental states with equal ease, using my clinical insight, deeply positive attitude, and authentically supportive approach. For years I have taught my graduate students the importance of a genuinely non-judgmental attitude when treating sexual issues. Knowledge of the wide range of sexual expression and variations is important, too. I am pleased to provide this attitude and knowledge to all my clients.
(972) 675-7208 View (972) 675-7208
Photo of Kerry Dueholm, LPC, MDiv, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kerry Dueholm
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MDiv, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
I am accepting new clients and have immediate openings. I believe everyone deserves mental wellness and has the capacity to grow and change in ways that serve you better when you have the tools and support you need. I have helped children, teens, adults, couples and families work through issues of anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, spiritual questions, parenting challenges, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. I enjoy working with people of all ages, beginning with children ages eight and up.
I am accepting new clients and have immediate openings. I believe everyone deserves mental wellness and has the capacity to grow and change in ways that serve you better when you have the tools and support you need. I have helped children, teens, adults, couples and families work through issues of anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, spiritual questions, parenting challenges, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. I enjoy working with people of all ages, beginning with children ages eight and up.
(469) 457-4714 View (469) 457-4714
Photo of Dr. Amanda Proctor Abbott, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Amanda Proctor Abbott
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready to work towards building a more satisfying and meaningful life? You can expect sincerity, compassion, and to be appropriately challenged as we address your unique concerns and personal goals. I offer individual therapy services for adults and adolescents, and couples therapy services. My approach to therapy is based on a foundation of cognitive-behavioral theory with careful attention to interpersonal dynamics and existentialist influence. I strive to create a therapeutic environment that feels safe to explore your hurts and fears. Together we will help you move towards the life you want.
Are you ready to work towards building a more satisfying and meaningful life? You can expect sincerity, compassion, and to be appropriately challenged as we address your unique concerns and personal goals. I offer individual therapy services for adults and adolescents, and couples therapy services. My approach to therapy is based on a foundation of cognitive-behavioral theory with careful attention to interpersonal dynamics and existentialist influence. I strive to create a therapeutic environment that feels safe to explore your hurts and fears. Together we will help you move towards the life you want.
(469) 546-7787 View (469) 546-7787
Photo of Shelley Litwak, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shelley Litwak
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
Life can be stressful, but with support, compassion, and some laughter along the way, the possibilities are limitless. I believe that it truly takes a "village" in working toward emotional wellness, and counseling is one of those gifts we are given. I have a passion for assisting individuals in finding purpose at the core of their existence. I enjoy working collaboratively alongside my clients in order to create a space for self-exploration and healing.
Life can be stressful, but with support, compassion, and some laughter along the way, the possibilities are limitless. I believe that it truly takes a "village" in working toward emotional wellness, and counseling is one of those gifts we are given. I have a passion for assisting individuals in finding purpose at the core of their existence. I enjoy working collaboratively alongside my clients in order to create a space for self-exploration and healing.
(469) 587-6493 View (469) 587-6493
Photo of Limei Wang Weng - Agape Family Center, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Agape Family Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Richardson, TX 75081  (Online Only)
Are you having a hard time dealing with someone in your family or at work but don't know how to communicate? Are you having kids can't get their hands off the phone, iPad or computer? Are you struggling with your marriage? Are you depressed? I can help. My specialties include couples in crisis, divorce recovery, premarital counseling and marital problems, children/adolescent development, family issues, blended family issues, grief, and counseling for those suffering from addiction, depression, bipolar and anxiety. I also help couples to strengthen marriages in areas of communication, conflict resolution, and parenting.
Are you having a hard time dealing with someone in your family or at work but don't know how to communicate? Are you having kids can't get their hands off the phone, iPad or computer? Are you struggling with your marriage? Are you depressed? I can help. My specialties include couples in crisis, divorce recovery, premarital counseling and marital problems, children/adolescent development, family issues, blended family issues, grief, and counseling for those suffering from addiction, depression, bipolar and anxiety. I also help couples to strengthen marriages in areas of communication, conflict resolution, and parenting.
(972) 362-6519 View (972) 362-6519
Photo of Findley Harris, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Findley Harris
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
Is anxiety holding you back? Do you find yourself constantly battling your thoughts? Are worries and self-criticisms leaving you feeling exhausted and missing out on what once mattered most to you? I understand this struggle. My work focuses on helping people learn the skills to overcome anxiety and depression, and take back their life. I believe in going beyond just treating the symptoms on the surface - I want to help you get back in touch with what is truly meaningful and important in your life, and to be the best and most authentic version of you. Anxiety can be a barrier, let's work together and learn to overcome that barrier.
Is anxiety holding you back? Do you find yourself constantly battling your thoughts? Are worries and self-criticisms leaving you feeling exhausted and missing out on what once mattered most to you? I understand this struggle. My work focuses on helping people learn the skills to overcome anxiety and depression, and take back their life. I believe in going beyond just treating the symptoms on the surface - I want to help you get back in touch with what is truly meaningful and important in your life, and to be the best and most authentic version of you. Anxiety can be a barrier, let's work together and learn to overcome that barrier.
(214) 617-0569 View (214) 617-0569
Photo of Travis Ray Hebert, MA, LPC-S, CSAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Travis Ray Hebert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, CSAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richardson, TX 75080
I believe we were made to be known, to connect and to be free. Each of us has a unique story we are living out and along the way experience circumstances and degrees of difficulty that leave us feeling burnt out, alone and/or confused. I enjoy working with individuals, families and couples from all walks of life that are open to learning and growing together with me. I am passionate about creating a safe place for you to tell your story and explore what's getting in the way of you living life to the fullest.
I believe we were made to be known, to connect and to be free. Each of us has a unique story we are living out and along the way experience circumstances and degrees of difficulty that leave us feeling burnt out, alone and/or confused. I enjoy working with individuals, families and couples from all walks of life that are open to learning and growing together with me. I am passionate about creating a safe place for you to tell your story and explore what's getting in the way of you living life to the fullest.
(409) 571-1731 View (409) 571-1731
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richardson, TX

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Richardson, TX who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Richardson, TX see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richardson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.