Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

View neighborhoods in Scottsdale
Photo of Helene Zupanc, LPC, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Helene Zupanc
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85259  (Online Only)
Sawubona! This Zulu greeting encompasses how I feel about every client I work with. It means, “I see the whole of you—your experiences, your needs, your passions, your pain, your strengths and weaknesses, and your future. You are valuable to me.” It also recognizes the worth and dignity of each person. I would be honored to walk beside you on your journey to better mental health whether you are suffering from intrusive or repetitive thoughts, low self-esteem, motivation, anxiety, depression, trauma, or simply want to improve your life!
Sawubona! This Zulu greeting encompasses how I feel about every client I work with. It means, “I see the whole of you—your experiences, your needs, your passions, your pain, your strengths and weaknesses, and your future. You are valuable to me.” It also recognizes the worth and dignity of each person. I would be honored to walk beside you on your journey to better mental health whether you are suffering from intrusive or repetitive thoughts, low self-esteem, motivation, anxiety, depression, trauma, or simply want to improve your life!
(928) 371-3085 View (928) 371-3085
Photo of Randy Kauk, MSN, APRN, ACNPCAG
Randy Kauk
MSN, APRN, ACNPCAG
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I have been a medical professional for 14 years. I am a Board-Certified Nurse Practitioner in six states, including Arizona, Michigan, Kansas, Florida, Nevada, and California. I have worked in a variety of settings including hospital medicine, primary care, chronic care management, acute rehabilitation, telemedicine, mental health, pain management, home health, MAT therapy, hospice, university teaching, and medical aesthetics.
I have been a medical professional for 14 years. I am a Board-Certified Nurse Practitioner in six states, including Arizona, Michigan, Kansas, Florida, Nevada, and California. I have worked in a variety of settings including hospital medicine, primary care, chronic care management, acute rehabilitation, telemedicine, mental health, pain management, home health, MAT therapy, hospice, university teaching, and medical aesthetics.
(480) 613-7017 View (480) 613-7017
Photo of Jeffrey S Cohen, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jeffrey S Cohen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Congratulations for your strength in taking this big first step and seeking help. That decision suggests that you are motivated and ready to take the action necessary to move forward and address the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are holding you back. My counseling style is collaborative and personalized. This non-judgmental and safe relationship is the foundation which allows for honesty, transparency, and change. Our journey together will not always be clear and easy; such is life, but nothing stays the same, we can always make life better.
Congratulations for your strength in taking this big first step and seeking help. That decision suggests that you are motivated and ready to take the action necessary to move forward and address the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are holding you back. My counseling style is collaborative and personalized. This non-judgmental and safe relationship is the foundation which allows for honesty, transparency, and change. Our journey together will not always be clear and easy; such is life, but nothing stays the same, we can always make life better.
(480) 680-0710 View (480) 680-0710
Photo of Eve D Katz, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eve D Katz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85257  (Online Only)
Solution-Oriented Therapy with Empathy and Kindness....The problems and dilemmas that you bring to therapy: These are the sparks that will propel you forward towards your healing. We discuss and explore your issues, and then we integrate what you learn into your daily life. We move as slowly or as quickly as you are comfortable with, in an atmosphere that is safe and contained, creating a path to hope, insight and personal strength. After 30 years helping others heal from and handle difficult situations as well as reach their dreams, it is clear to me that taking action steps - even tiny steps - is key to moving forward.
Solution-Oriented Therapy with Empathy and Kindness....The problems and dilemmas that you bring to therapy: These are the sparks that will propel you forward towards your healing. We discuss and explore your issues, and then we integrate what you learn into your daily life. We move as slowly or as quickly as you are comfortable with, in an atmosphere that is safe and contained, creating a path to hope, insight and personal strength. After 30 years helping others heal from and handle difficult situations as well as reach their dreams, it is clear to me that taking action steps - even tiny steps - is key to moving forward.
(602) 962-8342 View (602) 962-8342
Photo of Alli Douglas, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alli Douglas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
If you self-identify as a perfectionist, high-achiever, people-pleaser or a gifted, HSP or other neurodivergent individual, then you have found the right place! I help unique individuals increase their self-esteem and confidence in their self-worth while also teaching boundary-setting techniques and getting to the root of why accepting yourself is so hard. My specialties are relationship trauma, religious trauma, attachment pattern and self-awareness skill-building, couples work, and specific techniques for navigating life as an HSP or gifted individual. I provide a wide variety of evidence-based approaches to our work together.
If you self-identify as a perfectionist, high-achiever, people-pleaser or a gifted, HSP or other neurodivergent individual, then you have found the right place! I help unique individuals increase their self-esteem and confidence in their self-worth while also teaching boundary-setting techniques and getting to the root of why accepting yourself is so hard. My specialties are relationship trauma, religious trauma, attachment pattern and self-awareness skill-building, couples work, and specific techniques for navigating life as an HSP or gifted individual. I provide a wide variety of evidence-based approaches to our work together.
(480) 573-6547 View (480) 573-6547
Photo of Isabel Ball, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Isabel Ball
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
It takes courage to seek support and I celebrate the space you are making for growth in your life. I work with adults and adolescents struggling with issues such as eating disorders, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, trauma, and/or family conflict. I have worked at all levels of care and practice in Spanish and English.
It takes courage to seek support and I celebrate the space you are making for growth in your life. I work with adults and adolescents struggling with issues such as eating disorders, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, trauma, and/or family conflict. I have worked at all levels of care and practice in Spanish and English.
(928) 543-6794 View (928) 543-6794
Photo of Roberta Jane Zatkowsky, LPC, MSc, MS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Roberta Jane Zatkowsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSc, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85259
I treat OCD, Trichotillomania (hair-pulling), & Dermatillomania (skin-picking) using Exposure Response Prevention, ComB, HRT, & ACT. Treat past and present TRAUMA using EMDR. I have experience in individual and group therapy with children, adolescents, adults, couples, & families suffering from depression, anxiety, & bipolar disorder. I treat children and adolescents' behavioral problems such as aggression, anger, rebellion, poor academic performance, criminal problems, and sexual abuse. I have worked with adults suffering from sexual compulsivity and addiction, and educate adults on parenting skills and communication skills. I work with couples going through infertility, adoption, and relationship issues.
I treat OCD, Trichotillomania (hair-pulling), & Dermatillomania (skin-picking) using Exposure Response Prevention, ComB, HRT, & ACT. Treat past and present TRAUMA using EMDR. I have experience in individual and group therapy with children, adolescents, adults, couples, & families suffering from depression, anxiety, & bipolar disorder. I treat children and adolescents' behavioral problems such as aggression, anger, rebellion, poor academic performance, criminal problems, and sexual abuse. I have worked with adults suffering from sexual compulsivity and addiction, and educate adults on parenting skills and communication skills. I work with couples going through infertility, adoption, and relationship issues.
(480) 405-7596 View (480) 405-7596
Curtis T Cripe
Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
A brain development expert and published research author, Curtis Cripe currently practices neuroengineering at NTL Group. Curtis Cripe entered the field of behavioral medicine after a successful engineering career in which he helped orchestrate the first Mars landing at JPL and managed software development for DOD projects. Cripe's accomplishments in the behavioral medicine field include the creation of Crossroads Institute, an organization that helps family members who have suffered brain injuries or face learning disabilities. He has also developed programs designed to nurture brain development in young people who are developmentally delayed and help injured adults recover brain function.
A brain development expert and published research author, Curtis Cripe currently practices neuroengineering at NTL Group. Curtis Cripe entered the field of behavioral medicine after a successful engineering career in which he helped orchestrate the first Mars landing at JPL and managed software development for DOD projects. Cripe's accomplishments in the behavioral medicine field include the creation of Crossroads Institute, an organization that helps family members who have suffered brain injuries or face learning disabilities. He has also developed programs designed to nurture brain development in young people who are developmentally delayed and help injured adults recover brain function.
(602) 904-5064 View (602) 904-5064
Photo of Raquel Daniels, MS, LAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Raquel Daniels
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LAMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
We have the ability to nurture ourselves and be nurtured in our relationships. My goal is to be intentional about creating a space that feels safe for you to explore the areas that are most meaningful to you—as an individual or as a couple. I strive to be culturally-affirming which means I want to honor your cultural strengths and acknowledge impacts of trauma and injustice. Your perspective is unique, and how you view your system and current challenges will be met with respect and care.
We have the ability to nurture ourselves and be nurtured in our relationships. My goal is to be intentional about creating a space that feels safe for you to explore the areas that are most meaningful to you—as an individual or as a couple. I strive to be culturally-affirming which means I want to honor your cultural strengths and acknowledge impacts of trauma and injustice. Your perspective is unique, and how you view your system and current challenges will be met with respect and care.
(520) 200-3688 View (520) 200-3688
Photo of Keegan Krell, MS, MA, LAC, Counselor
Keegan Krell
Counselor, MS, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Integrating research + relevance to cultivate confidence + resilience in Arizona's teens. With over a decade of experience working with teens, I provide effective counseling services that empower individuals to achieve their goals.
Integrating research + relevance to cultivate confidence + resilience in Arizona's teens. With over a decade of experience working with teens, I provide effective counseling services that empower individuals to achieve their goals.
(480) 864-3824 View (480) 864-3824
Photo of Dr. Angela Shaba, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Angela Shaba
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Finding, developing, and living our best self is an essential piece of life. I believe everyone has the potential to succeed and prosper, no matter their life story or their life challenges. I am Dr. Angela Shaba and I am the owner and founder of Elite Psychology and Wellness Counseling Group. We are a dedicated and passionate team of therapists who are here to help you reach your goals. Our mission is to create a therapeutic setting that is supportive, encourages positivity and cultivates growth. We help you excel in your career, sport and life!
Finding, developing, and living our best self is an essential piece of life. I believe everyone has the potential to succeed and prosper, no matter their life story or their life challenges. I am Dr. Angela Shaba and I am the owner and founder of Elite Psychology and Wellness Counseling Group. We are a dedicated and passionate team of therapists who are here to help you reach your goals. Our mission is to create a therapeutic setting that is supportive, encourages positivity and cultivates growth. We help you excel in your career, sport and life!
(602) 497-3130 View (602) 497-3130
Photo of Garrett Hall, LAC
Garrett Hall
LAC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
As a dedicated and compassionate therapist, my professional journey is fueled by a deep commitment to foster emotional-wellbeing and guiding you towards a more fulfilling life. With a background in both inpatient and outpatient therapy, I will custom tailor my approach to meet your needs utilizing CBT, DBT, ERP, Mindfulness, and Solution Focused modalities.
As a dedicated and compassionate therapist, my professional journey is fueled by a deep commitment to foster emotional-wellbeing and guiding you towards a more fulfilling life. With a background in both inpatient and outpatient therapy, I will custom tailor my approach to meet your needs utilizing CBT, DBT, ERP, Mindfulness, and Solution Focused modalities.
(520) 285-8333 View (520) 285-8333
Photo of Saige Sola, MS, LAC, NCC, CGP, Counselor
Saige Sola
Counselor, MS, LAC, NCC, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85266  (Online Only)
Saige’s area of specialty include grief and loss, as well as clinical mental health. She will assist you in diagnosis, treatment planning, and better understanding your symptoms, if applicable. Saige will stand my you through the grief and loss process, while affirming the importance of this process. Saige prefers a gentler approach, and likes to focus on building a client’s confidence and values in sessions. She is passionate about building up her client’s sense of self-worth, confidence, and esteem and enjoys watching her clients find happiness through their growth.
Saige’s area of specialty include grief and loss, as well as clinical mental health. She will assist you in diagnosis, treatment planning, and better understanding your symptoms, if applicable. Saige will stand my you through the grief and loss process, while affirming the importance of this process. Saige prefers a gentler approach, and likes to focus on building a client’s confidence and values in sessions. She is passionate about building up her client’s sense of self-worth, confidence, and esteem and enjoys watching her clients find happiness through their growth.
(480) 485-0261 View (480) 485-0261
Photo of John Santacrose, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Santacrose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258  (Online Only)
We have all faced adversity, distress, anxiety or depression and during these times we can feel overwhelmed and alone. My Clients often reminded me that it only takes one courageous step to bring about positive meaningful change. I believe that this is the time that we should reach out courageously for assistance and look for answers to deal with these challenges. I encourage you to take that first step. I meet my clients where they are in the moment and help them in managing their feelings and thoughts and provide overall emotional support.
We have all faced adversity, distress, anxiety or depression and during these times we can feel overwhelmed and alone. My Clients often reminded me that it only takes one courageous step to bring about positive meaningful change. I believe that this is the time that we should reach out courageously for assistance and look for answers to deal with these challenges. I encourage you to take that first step. I meet my clients where they are in the moment and help them in managing their feelings and thoughts and provide overall emotional support.
(480) 568-4488 View (480) 568-4488
Photo of Stephen Sommers, LPC, CMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephen Sommers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CMHC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I have extensive experience working with children and families and excel meeting children and teens where they are at, no matter the area of difficulty or how layered their problems are. I offer parent education and support in a non-judgmental and caring manner. I use a variety of approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), solution-focused therapy, family system dynamics, attachment theory, and play therapy.
I have extensive experience working with children and families and excel meeting children and teens where they are at, no matter the area of difficulty or how layered their problems are. I offer parent education and support in a non-judgmental and caring manner. I use a variety of approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), solution-focused therapy, family system dynamics, attachment theory, and play therapy.
(801) 616-8819 View (801) 616-8819
Photo of Courtney James-Atkins, Pre-Licensed Professional
Courtney James-Atkins
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
I am accepting new clients. Courtney James-Atkins is a dedicated graduate student at Midwestern University. My ideal client is someone facing significant life challenges, such as trauma, family conflict, or identity issues. They might struggle with emotional regulation, forming healthy attachments, or navigating complex social environments. These individuals often come from diverse backgrounds and may have experienced systemic disadvantages or personal adversities that have impacted their sense of self and their relationships.
I am accepting new clients. Courtney James-Atkins is a dedicated graduate student at Midwestern University. My ideal client is someone facing significant life challenges, such as trauma, family conflict, or identity issues. They might struggle with emotional regulation, forming healthy attachments, or navigating complex social environments. These individuals often come from diverse backgrounds and may have experienced systemic disadvantages or personal adversities that have impacted their sense of self and their relationships.
(623) 280-0892 View (623) 280-0892
Photo of Amy Elizabeth Brown, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Elizabeth Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Making the decision to seek therapy is a personal process that often occurs when one is hurting emotionally and/or grieving life as they once knew it. Seeking counseling takes courage and a willingness to explore difficult life challenges. I truly believe that each person has the ability to find peace and inner healing. If your ready to face your challenges, please contact me.
Making the decision to seek therapy is a personal process that often occurs when one is hurting emotionally and/or grieving life as they once knew it. Seeking counseling takes courage and a willingness to explore difficult life challenges. I truly believe that each person has the ability to find peace and inner healing. If your ready to face your challenges, please contact me.
(623) 278-7760 View (623) 278-7760
Photo of Renee Ellen Siegel, MA, LISAC, MAC, PCC, HHP, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Renee Ellen Siegel
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LISAC, MAC, PCC, HHP
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I specialize in 3 areas: relationships, addiction recovery & wellness. Using a holistic approach, I work with clients to identify underlying issues and concerns that keep clients from making sustainable change, while creating an environment where clients feel valued and safe. I use the Enneagram of personality typology with clients so they can identify their mental, emotional, and behavioral patterns and raise self-awareness. Clients are introduced to Enneagram type based practices they can use on their own to sustain desired change.
I specialize in 3 areas: relationships, addiction recovery & wellness. Using a holistic approach, I work with clients to identify underlying issues and concerns that keep clients from making sustainable change, while creating an environment where clients feel valued and safe. I use the Enneagram of personality typology with clients so they can identify their mental, emotional, and behavioral patterns and raise self-awareness. Clients are introduced to Enneagram type based practices they can use on their own to sustain desired change.
(480) 269-9745 View (480) 269-9745
Photo of Katie Pankonin, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Pankonin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
Reaching out for support can truly be the scariest part, I am so happy you're here. Whether you are feeling constant anxiety or depression, overwhelm from school stress, navigating a life transition or breakup, or looking to heal your relationship with your body, I am here for you. I am a person-focused therapist who simply meets you "where you are." My goal is to create a welcoming, safe, and healing space to help you get back to feeling like your best self. I strive for therapy to feel like a big "exhale" in your week and a place to you can show up exactly as you feel.
Reaching out for support can truly be the scariest part, I am so happy you're here. Whether you are feeling constant anxiety or depression, overwhelm from school stress, navigating a life transition or breakup, or looking to heal your relationship with your body, I am here for you. I am a person-focused therapist who simply meets you "where you are." My goal is to create a welcoming, safe, and healing space to help you get back to feeling like your best self. I strive for therapy to feel like a big "exhale" in your week and a place to you can show up exactly as you feel.
(602) 362-8180 View (602) 362-8180
Photo of Danielle McGraw, PhD, Psychologist
Danielle McGraw
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257  (Online Only)
I am a trauma-informed psychologist with a strengths-based approach that is grounded in the fundamentals of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This means that I believe that everyone in life experiences situations that affect their beliefs, thoughts, emotions, and values, sometimes in unhelpful ways. My focus areas are relationship issues (romantic/family/friends), trauma and PTSD, couples counseling, anxiety, depression, anger management, career counseling, family conflict, infidelity, self-esteem, stress, among other issues. Healthy relationships with yourself and others can improve your overall well-being and mental health.
I am a trauma-informed psychologist with a strengths-based approach that is grounded in the fundamentals of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This means that I believe that everyone in life experiences situations that affect their beliefs, thoughts, emotions, and values, sometimes in unhelpful ways. My focus areas are relationship issues (romantic/family/friends), trauma and PTSD, couples counseling, anxiety, depression, anger management, career counseling, family conflict, infidelity, self-esteem, stress, among other issues. Healthy relationships with yourself and others can improve your overall well-being and mental health.
(602) 932-7140 View (602) 932-7140
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
66% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.