Therapists in West Chester, PA

Photo of Melissa Markowitz, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Markowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Are you feeling stuck or struggling with life's challenges? Dealing with overwhelming anxiety or stress that is impacting your overall happiness and sense of wellbeing? Taking the first step can be difficult but as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am here to help you on your therapeutic journey and start the healing process. I will help you navigate life's challenges and understand your past through integrative techniques to help you heal, grow and thrive. I will help you gain a better understanding of yourself and heal from the past while providing resources to resolve emotions and have the happiness you desire.
Are you feeling stuck or struggling with life's challenges? Dealing with overwhelming anxiety or stress that is impacting your overall happiness and sense of wellbeing? Taking the first step can be difficult but as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am here to help you on your therapeutic journey and start the healing process. I will help you navigate life's challenges and understand your past through integrative techniques to help you heal, grow and thrive. I will help you gain a better understanding of yourself and heal from the past while providing resources to resolve emotions and have the happiness you desire.
(610) 616-5890 View (610) 616-5890
Photo of Rachel Kolman, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Kolman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
It can be overwhelming to grapple with anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and the countless stressors that come with everyday life. If you're yearning for relief, clarity, and empowerment, I'm here to walk alongside you on your journey. My practice is founded on the principles of compassion, understanding, and respect for your unique experiences and perspectives. Together, we can explore the underlying factors contributing to your distress, develop coping strategies tailored to your needs, and work towards creating positive changes in your life.
It can be overwhelming to grapple with anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and the countless stressors that come with everyday life. If you're yearning for relief, clarity, and empowerment, I'm here to walk alongside you on your journey. My practice is founded on the principles of compassion, understanding, and respect for your unique experiences and perspectives. Together, we can explore the underlying factors contributing to your distress, develop coping strategies tailored to your needs, and work towards creating positive changes in your life.
(484) 897-7189 View (484) 897-7189
Photo of Bradford A Markowitz, MSA, MA, LPC
Bradford A Markowitz
MSA, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
As a clinician who specializes in relationship issues and self esteem, I am a focused, engaged and passionate helper. I work with my clients to explore self-defeating thoughts that contribute to their life challenges, with the intent of achieving a more balanced (and "fair") interpretation of themselves and their surroundings. As a classically trained cognitive behavioral therapist, I am a firm believer in the notion that past traumas play-out in our adult lives.
As a clinician who specializes in relationship issues and self esteem, I am a focused, engaged and passionate helper. I work with my clients to explore self-defeating thoughts that contribute to their life challenges, with the intent of achieving a more balanced (and "fair") interpretation of themselves and their surroundings. As a classically trained cognitive behavioral therapist, I am a firm believer in the notion that past traumas play-out in our adult lives.
(484) 997-7178 View (484) 997-7178
Photo of Elizabeth Stone, MS, LPC, CCATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Stone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCATP
Verified Verified
20 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
Life is complicated and each individual's situation is unique. No one escapes having difficulties in life. Some are tougher obstacles and we might need help figuring out how that affects us personally. Together we can work through those obstacles life handed you. Let's talk about moving forward. You aren’t alone - Help is availble!
Life is complicated and each individual's situation is unique. No one escapes having difficulties in life. Some are tougher obstacles and we might need help figuring out how that affects us personally. Together we can work through those obstacles life handed you. Let's talk about moving forward. You aren’t alone - Help is availble!
(610) 880-0998 View (610) 880-0998
Photo of Angela Sanson, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Angela Sanson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
Accepting New Clients! Hi, I'm Angela and I am a Marriage and Family therapist who works with couples and individuals struggling with self esteem, relationship issues, and life transitions. You are more than what your struggles are, so I want to emphasize the importance of knowing you as an individual and how all of your relationships, responsibilities, and life experiences impact and shape who you are and how you interact with the world around you. I believe that building and creating meaningful and healthy relationships with ourselves and others has the power to help us live fulfilling lives.
Accepting New Clients! Hi, I'm Angela and I am a Marriage and Family therapist who works with couples and individuals struggling with self esteem, relationship issues, and life transitions. You are more than what your struggles are, so I want to emphasize the importance of knowing you as an individual and how all of your relationships, responsibilities, and life experiences impact and shape who you are and how you interact with the world around you. I believe that building and creating meaningful and healthy relationships with ourselves and others has the power to help us live fulfilling lives.
(484) 729-9405 View (484) 729-9405
Photo of Sarah Sprenkle, MS , LPC , NIT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Sprenkle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC , NIT
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and your feelings, possibly due to trauma? Do you lack understanding of the cause & need education on how the brain responds to trauma? Do you have relational issues or anger management struggles that lead to addictive behaviors? Do you struggle with self-worth issues and feel tired, frustrated, and confused? In therapy, you will learn to identify trauma responses, build tolerance for difficult or uncomfortable feelings, & utilize various coping skills & grounding techniques. Gain confidence, take risks to address complex issues & learn how to create healthy boundaries for relationships.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and your feelings, possibly due to trauma? Do you lack understanding of the cause & need education on how the brain responds to trauma? Do you have relational issues or anger management struggles that lead to addictive behaviors? Do you struggle with self-worth issues and feel tired, frustrated, and confused? In therapy, you will learn to identify trauma responses, build tolerance for difficult or uncomfortable feelings, & utilize various coping skills & grounding techniques. Gain confidence, take risks to address complex issues & learn how to create healthy boundaries for relationships.
(484) 255-8235 View (484) 255-8235
Photo of Zoe Rabinowitz, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Zoe Rabinowitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Accepting new Clients! I believe that everyone can benefit from finding someone to help foster self compassion, connection, and trust. Whether you are struggling with life changes, relenting intrusive thoughts, or low self esteem, therapy can be a wonderful and supportive tool. Specifically designed to support you in navigating and healing, it can provide an opportunity to become the best version of yourself. Feeling overwhelmed, isolated, or unsure of what to do next? Together we will identify your personal goals and begin to explore and identify the deeper issues keeping you stuck and disconnected from fully participating in life.
Accepting new Clients! I believe that everyone can benefit from finding someone to help foster self compassion, connection, and trust. Whether you are struggling with life changes, relenting intrusive thoughts, or low self esteem, therapy can be a wonderful and supportive tool. Specifically designed to support you in navigating and healing, it can provide an opportunity to become the best version of yourself. Feeling overwhelmed, isolated, or unsure of what to do next? Together we will identify your personal goals and begin to explore and identify the deeper issues keeping you stuck and disconnected from fully participating in life.
(484) 290-1599 View (484) 290-1599
Photo of Kelly McCusker Hockenberry, MA, NCC, JD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelly McCusker Hockenberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, JD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
I believe that counseling is a collaborative process. Together, we will seek to identify what is already working successfully in your life and capitalize on these strengths to tackle any existing barriers. It is important to set manageable, realistic goals in order to achieve your objectives. Building a resilient mindset is the key to unlocking endless potential.
I believe that counseling is a collaborative process. Together, we will seek to identify what is already working successfully in your life and capitalize on these strengths to tackle any existing barriers. It is important to set manageable, realistic goals in order to achieve your objectives. Building a resilient mindset is the key to unlocking endless potential.
(484) 430-3252 View (484) 430-3252
Photo of Peter-William Myers, LPC , CNIT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Peter-William Myers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , CNIT
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Are you feeling stuck in life, battling depression and anxiety, or experiencing relationship issues? I will walk alongside you in whatever journey you are on to help you reach your goals, whatever they may be, from learning new coping skills, improving communication skills, or improving your relationships.
Are you feeling stuck in life, battling depression and anxiety, or experiencing relationship issues? I will walk alongside you in whatever journey you are on to help you reach your goals, whatever they may be, from learning new coping skills, improving communication skills, or improving your relationships.
(484) 207-6304 View (484) 207-6304
Photo of Rolf A Ritchie, PhD, Psychologist
Rolf A Ritchie
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Dr. Ritchie I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist in three states and I specialize in treating anxiety, OCD, trauma, and chronic stress. Anxiety and depression can come to dominate our lives and feel so overwhelming that even everyday tasks seem impossible. With the right kind of support, however, the patterns you find yourself stuck in are possible to escape! I have a strong background in evidence-based psychotherapy and use modern treatments to assist you in breaking unhelpful habits. I have been treating clients through individual psychotherapy for 7 years and I take an active, collaborative approach to treatment.
Hello! I am Dr. Ritchie I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist in three states and I specialize in treating anxiety, OCD, trauma, and chronic stress. Anxiety and depression can come to dominate our lives and feel so overwhelming that even everyday tasks seem impossible. With the right kind of support, however, the patterns you find yourself stuck in are possible to escape! I have a strong background in evidence-based psychotherapy and use modern treatments to assist you in breaking unhelpful habits. I have been treating clients through individual psychotherapy for 7 years and I take an active, collaborative approach to treatment.
(302) 253-7794 View (302) 253-7794
Photo of Holly Copeland, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Holly Copeland
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Holly is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 30 years’ experience guiding adolescents, adults, children and families. She is an adept listener who has worked extensively in private practice and in a variety of clinical settings including outpatient clinics, residential treatment facilities and schools. She uses mind-body techniques and maintains a holistic healing perspective to help you achieve mental, physical and spiritual well-being. Holly is trained in a variety of modalities, including EMDR, Flash Technique, Transpersonal and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction.
Holly is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 30 years’ experience guiding adolescents, adults, children and families. She is an adept listener who has worked extensively in private practice and in a variety of clinical settings including outpatient clinics, residential treatment facilities and schools. She uses mind-body techniques and maintains a holistic healing perspective to help you achieve mental, physical and spiritual well-being. Holly is trained in a variety of modalities, including EMDR, Flash Technique, Transpersonal and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction.
(484) 209-6648 View (484) 209-6648
Photo of Kristen Dieter, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Dieter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
An ideal client would present with their struggle in transparency, with the desire to grow, and put in the work to achieve goals. That could be managing emotions, holding a job, rebuilding relationships, or perhaps implementing more self-care. A client who wants to heal, find peace, and promote balance and autonomy. I am very easygoing, and really like to showcase my ability to promote a safe trusting environment. It is okay to feel uncomfortable or overwhelmed in life; I hope to encourage and normalize the need to take care of ourselves.
An ideal client would present with their struggle in transparency, with the desire to grow, and put in the work to achieve goals. That could be managing emotions, holding a job, rebuilding relationships, or perhaps implementing more self-care. A client who wants to heal, find peace, and promote balance and autonomy. I am very easygoing, and really like to showcase my ability to promote a safe trusting environment. It is okay to feel uncomfortable or overwhelmed in life; I hope to encourage and normalize the need to take care of ourselves.
(484) 573-6584 View (484) 573-6584
Photo of Jeffrey Johnson, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeffrey Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380  (Online Only)
If you are looking to transform yourself or your relationship and have healthier forms of communication, more intimate and emotional forms of connection and ,overall, improve your sense of self and relationships let your journey begin. With over 20 years of mental health experience and 14 years practicing therapy, I have learned to specialize in relationship/couples therapy and work as well as individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and other life and circumstantial issues. If you are looking to repair, strengthen, regain connection, improve intimacy, or generally work on your relationships or your mental health I can help.
If you are looking to transform yourself or your relationship and have healthier forms of communication, more intimate and emotional forms of connection and ,overall, improve your sense of self and relationships let your journey begin. With over 20 years of mental health experience and 14 years practicing therapy, I have learned to specialize in relationship/couples therapy and work as well as individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and other life and circumstantial issues. If you are looking to repair, strengthen, regain connection, improve intimacy, or generally work on your relationships or your mental health I can help.
(484) 799-9246 View (484) 799-9246
Photo of Daniel Brown, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Daniel Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382  (Online Only)
I have been helping others as a psychotherapist for 15 years and have worked in a variety of settings (outpatient, community clinics, halfway houses, group homes, day treatment programs). My approach is a wholistic one, with the belief that every person is looking for greater body, mind and soul connectedness and balance. My educational background is in behavioral neuroscience, health psychology, and counseling. I have helped people overcome issues with, but not limited to, relationship conflict, anxiety, compulsive and addictive behaviors (sex, drug & alcohol, food, gambling), spiritual issues, and adjustment disorders.
I have been helping others as a psychotherapist for 15 years and have worked in a variety of settings (outpatient, community clinics, halfway houses, group homes, day treatment programs). My approach is a wholistic one, with the belief that every person is looking for greater body, mind and soul connectedness and balance. My educational background is in behavioral neuroscience, health psychology, and counseling. I have helped people overcome issues with, but not limited to, relationship conflict, anxiety, compulsive and addictive behaviors (sex, drug & alcohol, food, gambling), spiritual issues, and adjustment disorders.
(484) 559-6496 View (484) 559-6496
Photo of Kailyn Schwartz, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kailyn Schwartz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
Hey there and welcome to therapy! Congrats on taking the steps to focus on you! As a therapist, I prioritize showing up authentically and creating a safe, welcoming environment where you can fully be yourself. My focus is on building a warm, person-centered therapeutic relationship that empowers you on your journey towards growth, self-awareness, and overall wellness. I have experience working with young adults and adults, both individually and in group settings, taking a person-centered approach while helping individuals increase self-compassion and become more aware of and in tune with their unique needs.
Hey there and welcome to therapy! Congrats on taking the steps to focus on you! As a therapist, I prioritize showing up authentically and creating a safe, welcoming environment where you can fully be yourself. My focus is on building a warm, person-centered therapeutic relationship that empowers you on your journey towards growth, self-awareness, and overall wellness. I have experience working with young adults and adults, both individually and in group settings, taking a person-centered approach while helping individuals increase self-compassion and become more aware of and in tune with their unique needs.
(484) 573-6821 View (484) 573-6821
Photo of Kathleen Shapiro, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Shapiro
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19382
Hi! My name is Kathleen, but please call me Katie! I have been in the field for over 10 years and have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns; including depression anxiety, substance use disorders, trauma, grief, life transitions, and more. As a standard practice, I approach the therapeutic relationship with an acute sensitivity and respect for multi/cross-cultural factors and influence.
Hi! My name is Kathleen, but please call me Katie! I have been in the field for over 10 years and have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns; including depression anxiety, substance use disorders, trauma, grief, life transitions, and more. As a standard practice, I approach the therapeutic relationship with an acute sensitivity and respect for multi/cross-cultural factors and influence.
(484) 603-6761 View (484) 603-6761
Photo of Toni Marie Giordano, PsyD, Psychologist
Toni Marie Giordano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Not accepting new clients
I believe that healing occurs within the context of a relationship. Through a trusting, therapeutic relationship, one is given the opportunity to see things in a different light. My goal, as a therapist, is to help people identify what they would like to change in their lives and how to work toward this change.
I believe that healing occurs within the context of a relationship. Through a trusting, therapeutic relationship, one is given the opportunity to see things in a different light. My goal, as a therapist, is to help people identify what they would like to change in their lives and how to work toward this change.
(484) 786-0464 View (484) 786-0464
Photo of Katie Tacchino, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Tacchino
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
West Chester, PA 19380
Are you ready to invest in yourself? Do you feel stress and anxiety are limiting your potential for happiness? Often, we are asked to give, even when we do not have ‘it’ to give. This can leave us feeling overwhelmed, lonely, and downright exhausted. The good news is that it doesn't have to be that way. I can help create the safe and calm space you need to reprioritize yourself, your surroundings and your goals. My clients do not just want to survive life, they are looking to thrive!
Are you ready to invest in yourself? Do you feel stress and anxiety are limiting your potential for happiness? Often, we are asked to give, even when we do not have ‘it’ to give. This can leave us feeling overwhelmed, lonely, and downright exhausted. The good news is that it doesn't have to be that way. I can help create the safe and calm space you need to reprioritize yourself, your surroundings and your goals. My clients do not just want to survive life, they are looking to thrive!
(484) 592-2132 View (484) 592-2132
Photo of Jonathan Veit, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jonathan Veit
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Being human can be confusing, overwhelming and painful. Despite this predicament, I believe therapy can help shed the feeling of a constricted life and achieve an authentic and empowered sense of self. Through a collaborative and compassion-centered approach, I aim to help hold in a non-judgmental space the challenging parts of life and encourage next steps in your journey. The technique I use most often is trauma-sensitive mindfulness combined with concepts and methods from CBT, DBT and MI while applying lenses such as attachment, familial, cultural, generational and that of global systems.
Being human can be confusing, overwhelming and painful. Despite this predicament, I believe therapy can help shed the feeling of a constricted life and achieve an authentic and empowered sense of self. Through a collaborative and compassion-centered approach, I aim to help hold in a non-judgmental space the challenging parts of life and encourage next steps in your journey. The technique I use most often is trauma-sensitive mindfulness combined with concepts and methods from CBT, DBT and MI while applying lenses such as attachment, familial, cultural, generational and that of global systems.
(484) 666-3238 View (484) 666-3238
Photo of Dr. James Chok, PhD, BCBA-D, Psychologist
Dr. James Chok
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
I am a neuropsychologist, licensed psychologist, and Board Certified Behavior Analyst. For the last 20 years, I have helped well over 1000 individuals and families navigate challenging issues based upon their unique circumstances. I will work with you to identify a plan that suits your particular needs, and adapt it along the way as we work together. I work with patients of all ages, across a range of anxiety and mood disorders, and have expertise in OCD, AD/HD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Panic Disorder. I use a blend of CBT, DBT, and ACT principles to help patients overcome their difficulties.
I am a neuropsychologist, licensed psychologist, and Board Certified Behavior Analyst. For the last 20 years, I have helped well over 1000 individuals and families navigate challenging issues based upon their unique circumstances. I will work with you to identify a plan that suits your particular needs, and adapt it along the way as we work together. I work with patients of all ages, across a range of anxiety and mood disorders, and have expertise in OCD, AD/HD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Panic Disorder. I use a blend of CBT, DBT, and ACT principles to help patients overcome their difficulties.
(610) 364-5883 View (610) 364-5883
1
...

See more therapy options for West Chester

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Chester, PA

600+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in West Chester, PA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Depression
76% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
69% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD
62% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in West Chester, PA see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Chester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.