Therapists in Midlothian, VA

Photo of Erika Lynn Brown, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erika Lynn Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
My philosophy about providing therapy is that we are all here on a journey. Every person has a unique life journey. Life can be difficult and challenging. Sometimes, people get stuck and experience difficulty living life comfortably. It is my goal to walk the challenging part of your journey with you, provide nurture, and enable coping and healing to help you experience life the way you hope to. I practice a Biopsychosocial-Spiritual philosophy that guides my understanding of problems. I believe that care should be evidenced based and the therapist individualizes care to meet the person's needs. Office and Online appointments.
My philosophy about providing therapy is that we are all here on a journey. Every person has a unique life journey. Life can be difficult and challenging. Sometimes, people get stuck and experience difficulty living life comfortably. It is my goal to walk the challenging part of your journey with you, provide nurture, and enable coping and healing to help you experience life the way you hope to. I practice a Biopsychosocial-Spiritual philosophy that guides my understanding of problems. I believe that care should be evidenced based and the therapist individualizes care to meet the person's needs. Office and Online appointments.
(804) 308-5123 View (804) 308-5123
Photo of Lauren Campbell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Lauren is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia with over 15 years experience working in multiple settings with individuals and families who have experienced significant trauma and stress.
Lauren is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia with over 15 years experience working in multiple settings with individuals and families who have experienced significant trauma and stress.
(804) 597-9565 View (804) 597-9565
Photo of Jennifer V Ralsten, MA, LCSW, RPT-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer V Ralsten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is meant for when you realize you are no longer where you were, not yet where you want to be, but ready to get on your way. As a therapist, I focus on building a sincere relationship, where within that space you can safely explore your fears, sorrows, anger, and aspirations. I will provide unconditional support as you discover your authentic self, build resilience to life’s stressors, strengthen your relationships, and reconnect to a sense of purpose as you move forward.
Therapy is meant for when you realize you are no longer where you were, not yet where you want to be, but ready to get on your way. As a therapist, I focus on building a sincere relationship, where within that space you can safely explore your fears, sorrows, anger, and aspirations. I will provide unconditional support as you discover your authentic self, build resilience to life’s stressors, strengthen your relationships, and reconnect to a sense of purpose as you move forward.
(804) 463-6238 View (804) 463-6238
Photo of Emily Agee, MS, NCC
Emily Agee
Resident in Counseling, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
Hello! How can I help you find joy today? Finding small joys for people is one of my passions. I find laughter to be helpful in managing stress. No matter how stressful life gets, I enjoy helping individuals find the small joys that strengthen their connection with themselves & others. As a Richmond native, I'm excited to build strong roots in the community with my husband & fur baby (Viper). As a Resident in Counseling, I'm excited to continue building on skills I learned during my internship with Calming Wind Counseling. I'm thrilled to continue to serve the community while pursuing licensure in professional counseling. I strive
Hello! How can I help you find joy today? Finding small joys for people is one of my passions. I find laughter to be helpful in managing stress. No matter how stressful life gets, I enjoy helping individuals find the small joys that strengthen their connection with themselves & others. As a Richmond native, I'm excited to build strong roots in the community with my husband & fur baby (Viper). As a Resident in Counseling, I'm excited to continue building on skills I learned during my internship with Calming Wind Counseling. I'm thrilled to continue to serve the community while pursuing licensure in professional counseling. I strive
(804) 294-4592 View (804) 294-4592
Photo of Kimberly Williams, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have worked with adults and couples for over 20 years. People have come for a variety of issues and concerns. I have worked extensively Anxiety, Depression, Couples Therapy and Relationship/Family dynamics. I believe in my adult clients to have the inner ability to make changes and live the life they want. I believe in the holistic wellbeing of you and work with each person, or couple, as the unique people they are. Together we form a team to identify goals, the areas of your life you want to work on and a path forward. Insurances accepted/managed in VA, TX, ILL. Please check if I take yours at Joinuplift.co
I have worked with adults and couples for over 20 years. People have come for a variety of issues and concerns. I have worked extensively Anxiety, Depression, Couples Therapy and Relationship/Family dynamics. I believe in my adult clients to have the inner ability to make changes and live the life they want. I believe in the holistic wellbeing of you and work with each person, or couple, as the unique people they are. Together we form a team to identify goals, the areas of your life you want to work on and a path forward. Insurances accepted/managed in VA, TX, ILL. Please check if I take yours at Joinuplift.co
(804) 993-0085 View (804) 993-0085
Photo of Emma Greenberg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emma Greenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Therapy can be an important step in the healing journey and an opportunity to reflect on how your experiences have shaped the person you are. I am passionate about my role to assist you in identifying your strengths. My therapeutic approach is person-centered, holistic, and draws on motivational interviewing techniques. I strive to foster a therapeutic alliance built on trust and collaboration with clients to develop effective coping strategies and facilitate positive change.
Therapy can be an important step in the healing journey and an opportunity to reflect on how your experiences have shaped the person you are. I am passionate about my role to assist you in identifying your strengths. My therapeutic approach is person-centered, holistic, and draws on motivational interviewing techniques. I strive to foster a therapeutic alliance built on trust and collaboration with clients to develop effective coping strategies and facilitate positive change.
(804) 375-5785 View (804) 375-5785
Photo of Melissa Hall, MA, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Hall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a passion for children, youth, and early adults. My drive is to assist individuals in gaining an understanding of the meaning of what is being expressed, expected, or experienced, and provide the behavior and cognitive follow-through that will allow them to make good choices in the current stage of brain development that the individual is in. I have worked with individuals of all ages, families, and couples for 10+ years in stabilizing moods, stabilizing family unity/coherence, improving thought processing, and appropriate development of coping skills and mindfulness.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a passion for children, youth, and early adults. My drive is to assist individuals in gaining an understanding of the meaning of what is being expressed, expected, or experienced, and provide the behavior and cognitive follow-through that will allow them to make good choices in the current stage of brain development that the individual is in. I have worked with individuals of all ages, families, and couples for 10+ years in stabilizing moods, stabilizing family unity/coherence, improving thought processing, and appropriate development of coping skills and mindfulness.
(804) 259-2143 View (804) 259-2143
Photo of Mary Nell Donahue, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Nell Donahue
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
I strive to do my best to support individuals that are in search of establishing new skills to promote personal growth and comfort in response to any challenges they are facing. I have experience working with clients within various settings focusing on areas of anxiety management, anger management, grief processing, attachment issues, mindfulness skills, family dynamics, relationship conflict, self-esteem, boundary setting, depression, adjusting to life changes, and implementation of effective communication skills
I strive to do my best to support individuals that are in search of establishing new skills to promote personal growth and comfort in response to any challenges they are facing. I have experience working with clients within various settings focusing on areas of anxiety management, anger management, grief processing, attachment issues, mindfulness skills, family dynamics, relationship conflict, self-esteem, boundary setting, depression, adjusting to life changes, and implementation of effective communication skills
(804) 570-2723 View (804) 570-2723
Photo of Gregory David Blake, MS Ed
Gregory David Blake
Resident in Counseling, MS Ed
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
My story is unusual. After a thirty-four-year career on a Wall St. trading floor, I decided to return to my alma mater, the University of Pennsylvania, to get a Masters of Mental Health Counseling degree forty-four years after receiving my undergraduate business degree from the University's Wharton School. The underlying impetus was losing my wife of thirty-nine years to cancer. My overall life's knowledge and experience coupled with my psychological training and a sincere desire to help others through their biggest challenges motivate my counseling style and enable it to be both unique and effective.
My story is unusual. After a thirty-four-year career on a Wall St. trading floor, I decided to return to my alma mater, the University of Pennsylvania, to get a Masters of Mental Health Counseling degree forty-four years after receiving my undergraduate business degree from the University's Wharton School. The underlying impetus was losing my wife of thirty-nine years to cancer. My overall life's knowledge and experience coupled with my psychological training and a sincere desire to help others through their biggest challenges motivate my counseling style and enable it to be both unique and effective.
(804) 409-3086 View (804) 409-3086
Photo of Melissa Marie Siebert, LPC-R, MA
Melissa Marie Siebert
Resident in Counseling, LPC-R, MA
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113
Hi! My name is Melissa Siebert and I am a VA Board of Counseling approved Resident in Counseling, currently working toward full-licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor. My approach to therapy is both person-centered and action-oriented. I encourage my clients to examine their fears and limitations and to work on concrete skills to overcome them. My ultimate goal is to give my clients a sense of hope for the future and more control over the direction of their lives. I strongly believe that my own struggles throughout my life have made me a very compassionate and empathetic counselor. I am here to listen and guide.
Hi! My name is Melissa Siebert and I am a VA Board of Counseling approved Resident in Counseling, currently working toward full-licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor. My approach to therapy is both person-centered and action-oriented. I encourage my clients to examine their fears and limitations and to work on concrete skills to overcome them. My ultimate goal is to give my clients a sense of hope for the future and more control over the direction of their lives. I strongly believe that my own struggles throughout my life have made me a very compassionate and empathetic counselor. I am here to listen and guide.
(804) 294-2250 View (804) 294-2250
Photo of Emma Blevins, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emma Blevins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
Emma Blevins is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Registered Art Therapist (Provisional) with 2 years of experience providing art therapy and counseling services to children, adolescents, adults, and families. Emma is now also offering services to couples for relationship counseling. Emma completed her Bachelor of Science (BS) in Psychology at Old Dominion University and her Master of Science (MS) in Art Therapy and Counseling at Eastern Virginia Medical School.
Emma Blevins is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Registered Art Therapist (Provisional) with 2 years of experience providing art therapy and counseling services to children, adolescents, adults, and families. Emma is now also offering services to couples for relationship counseling. Emma completed her Bachelor of Science (BS) in Psychology at Old Dominion University and her Master of Science (MS) in Art Therapy and Counseling at Eastern Virginia Medical School.
(804) 465-9773 View (804) 465-9773
Photo of Sybil L. Robertson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sybil L. Robertson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
I enjoy working with children from age 5 years to 18 years and women.
I enjoy working with children from age 5 years to 18 years and women.
(804) 451-4570 View (804) 451-4570
Photo of Phyllis Jones, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Phyllis Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
Navigating the various challenges of life can feel daunting. If you don't know already, you're brave to be making this first step towards finding a therapist. While talking to friends and family can help, having a safe, judgment-free, and private space to discuss the challenges you face can do wonders.
Navigating the various challenges of life can feel daunting. If you don't know already, you're brave to be making this first step towards finding a therapist. While talking to friends and family can help, having a safe, judgment-free, and private space to discuss the challenges you face can do wonders.
(804) 336-2663 View (804) 336-2663
Photo of Nichole A Phillips, MS, MDiv, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nichole A Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MDiv, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck? Sad? Angry?Confused? Alone? Tired of being tired? Need someone to hear YOU for a change? Whether it is struggling with depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or just learning how to manage the mental and emotional stress of daily life I focus on helping persons learn how to heal the "whole soul". I specialize in persons who are living through depression/anxiety, grief/loss and also those who feel "stuck" by a traumatic event (sexual abuse, major death, etc) from their past. If you are looking for a relatable, knowledgeable, culturally sensitive provider youve come to the right place. All are welcome to heal here
Feeling stuck? Sad? Angry?Confused? Alone? Tired of being tired? Need someone to hear YOU for a change? Whether it is struggling with depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or just learning how to manage the mental and emotional stress of daily life I focus on helping persons learn how to heal the "whole soul". I specialize in persons who are living through depression/anxiety, grief/loss and also those who feel "stuck" by a traumatic event (sexual abuse, major death, etc) from their past. If you are looking for a relatable, knowledgeable, culturally sensitive provider youve come to the right place. All are welcome to heal here
(804) 531-6296 View (804) 531-6296
Photo of Jessica Morrell, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessica Morrell
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114
Taking the first steps on your mental health journey can be difficult. I’m glad you’re here. My goal is to help you discover connections between past experiences and how you see the world today. These connections are key to helping you cope and learn about yourself. I identify as a bisexual woman and have a passion for providing affirmative care to communities in need including the LGBTQIA+ community. I work with individuals that are deaf/hard of hearing. My primary work has been helping individuals process trauma, LGBTQIA+ experiences, emotional and adjustment concerns, relationships, anxiety and depression.
Taking the first steps on your mental health journey can be difficult. I’m glad you’re here. My goal is to help you discover connections between past experiences and how you see the world today. These connections are key to helping you cope and learn about yourself. I identify as a bisexual woman and have a passion for providing affirmative care to communities in need including the LGBTQIA+ community. I work with individuals that are deaf/hard of hearing. My primary work has been helping individuals process trauma, LGBTQIA+ experiences, emotional and adjustment concerns, relationships, anxiety and depression.
(804) 373-8941 View (804) 373-8941
Photo of Brittany Nicole Edwards, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany Nicole Edwards
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Asking for help can be hard and I am here to help guide your path towards healing. No matter where you are at in your journey towards healing we will find the best approach for you. Let's get started tackling anxiety, panic and life stressors. We can also work on depressive disorders, trauma and grief. If you are having major life transition and need help navigating through change than schedule with me. Together we can work on your coping skills, thinking patterns, communication skills, and your relationships/ family needs. I am an LGBTQI affirming therapist and advocate and love working with member of the community.
Asking for help can be hard and I am here to help guide your path towards healing. No matter where you are at in your journey towards healing we will find the best approach for you. Let's get started tackling anxiety, panic and life stressors. We can also work on depressive disorders, trauma and grief. If you are having major life transition and need help navigating through change than schedule with me. Together we can work on your coping skills, thinking patterns, communication skills, and your relationships/ family needs. I am an LGBTQI affirming therapist and advocate and love working with member of the community.
(804) 494-5989 View (804) 494-5989
Photo of Alexandra Coletta, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
Alexandra Coletta
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114
Life tends to throw us curve balls. With all of our energy spent juggling obligations, responsibilities, and managing daily stresses, it's easy to wake up one day and realize that you just feel "stuck." Making the decision to begin therapy can be difficult, but it's the first step towards regaining control of your life. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, experiencing relationship difficulties, or just want a different perspective on whatever is holding you back, I'm here to help you navigate and overcome these challenges. Every person's situation is unique. I do not treat the therapeutic process as "one-size-fits all."
Life tends to throw us curve balls. With all of our energy spent juggling obligations, responsibilities, and managing daily stresses, it's easy to wake up one day and realize that you just feel "stuck." Making the decision to begin therapy can be difficult, but it's the first step towards regaining control of your life. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, experiencing relationship difficulties, or just want a different perspective on whatever is holding you back, I'm here to help you navigate and overcome these challenges. Every person's situation is unique. I do not treat the therapeutic process as "one-size-fits all."
(804) 704-8606 View (804) 704-8606
Photo of Andrew Lawson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrew Lawson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
I take a person centered approach recognizing that we are all individuals with out own strengths and needs that will need a tailored approach. I believe that the client is the driving force in therapy and that its my job to be support and guidance as we work toward achieving your stated goals. I believe that you deserve to find relief from the experiences and/or symptoms you are working through. I have extensive experience working with individuals with complex trauma/PTSD, depression, anxiety, severe mental illness, Bipolar, traumatic experiences, grief, anger, stress, familial conflict, and substance abuse.
I take a person centered approach recognizing that we are all individuals with out own strengths and needs that will need a tailored approach. I believe that the client is the driving force in therapy and that its my job to be support and guidance as we work toward achieving your stated goals. I believe that you deserve to find relief from the experiences and/or symptoms you are working through. I have extensive experience working with individuals with complex trauma/PTSD, depression, anxiety, severe mental illness, Bipolar, traumatic experiences, grief, anger, stress, familial conflict, and substance abuse.
(804) 258-6942 x2 View (804) 258-6942 x2
Photo of Brittany N Young, LPC, CSAC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany N Young
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
Over her 13 years of field experience, Brittany Young, LPC, CSAC, CCTP has worked with adults facing various challenges to include: depression, anxiety, work related stressors, relationship issues, low self-confidence, substance abuse and post-traumatic stress.
Over her 13 years of field experience, Brittany Young, LPC, CSAC, CCTP has worked with adults facing various challenges to include: depression, anxiety, work related stressors, relationship issues, low self-confidence, substance abuse and post-traumatic stress.
(804) 294-4810 View (804) 294-4810
Photo of Stephanie Rancourt, MA, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Rancourt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
You are not broken. To heal the patterns that keep us in a cycle of unhappiness, we first need to strengthen our relationship with ourselves. This is where we will begin the healing work together. I work collaboratively with those who are seeking personal healing and growth in their lives. I am skilled in cultivating a safe, nurturing, and non-judgmental space to support you in moving from pain and suffering, to healing and freedom. You deserve support through life's challenges. I am here to empower and guide you to build a secure loving relationship with yourself and end the cycle of self-abandonment.
You are not broken. To heal the patterns that keep us in a cycle of unhappiness, we first need to strengthen our relationship with ourselves. This is where we will begin the healing work together. I work collaboratively with those who are seeking personal healing and growth in their lives. I am skilled in cultivating a safe, nurturing, and non-judgmental space to support you in moving from pain and suffering, to healing and freedom. You deserve support through life's challenges. I am here to empower and guide you to build a secure loving relationship with yourself and end the cycle of self-abandonment.
(804) 719-4576 View (804) 719-4576
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Midlothian, VA

400+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Midlothian, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
72% Stress
71% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
64% Self Esteem
62% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
82% Cigna and Evernorth
79% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Midlothian, VA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Midlothian?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.