Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Christopher DiBona, Pre-Licensed Professional
Christopher DiBona
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
I have worked with clients between the ages of 7-81. I enjoy meeting with clients of all ages seeking relief from anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and self-esteem concerns. I believe in a holistic approach to achieve wellness by utilizing multiple modalities including Rogerian and cognitive therapies.
I have worked with clients between the ages of 7-81. I enjoy meeting with clients of all ages seeking relief from anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and self-esteem concerns. I believe in a holistic approach to achieve wellness by utilizing multiple modalities including Rogerian and cognitive therapies.
(339) 210-1170 View (339) 210-1170
Photo of Lisa Smith - Center for Anxiety & Related Disorders at Boston U, PhD, Psychologist
Center for Anxiety & Related Disorders at Boston U
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02215
Immediate Openings 9/1/24! I currently direct and treat patients at CARD at Boston University. We provide evidence-based clinical services - primarily CBT, to individuals of all backgrounds. CBT is a skills based therapy meant to enhance coping strategies for those suffering from emotional difficulties. It focuses on understanding the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in order to foster positive changes. At CARD, we specialize in helping adults and children address a wide range of anxiety disorders and related challenges such as difficulties with mood, sleep, concentration, and pain.
Immediate Openings 9/1/24! I currently direct and treat patients at CARD at Boston University. We provide evidence-based clinical services - primarily CBT, to individuals of all backgrounds. CBT is a skills based therapy meant to enhance coping strategies for those suffering from emotional difficulties. It focuses on understanding the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in order to foster positive changes. At CARD, we specialize in helping adults and children address a wide range of anxiety disorders and related challenges such as difficulties with mood, sleep, concentration, and pain.
(857) 304-0500 View (857) 304-0500
Photo of Jim Yelinek, LMHC, Counselor
Jim Yelinek
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
We will work together to come up with attainable goals, and to focus on making changes that strengthen your overall well-being. I work with individuals over the age of 18, with a special interest in the older adult population. I also have experience working with couples, individuals in law enforcement and individuals with ongoing medical issues.
We will work together to come up with attainable goals, and to focus on making changes that strengthen your overall well-being. I work with individuals over the age of 18, with a special interest in the older adult population. I also have experience working with couples, individuals in law enforcement and individuals with ongoing medical issues.
(857) 382-5959 View (857) 382-5959
Photo of Darcy Elton, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Darcy Elton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! Telehealth available in MA, DC, AZ, WA, OR, UT, ID, LA, CO, NM. Moving through a painful transition? Want to make changes in your life? Need to figure out where to go from here & how to get there? Have you ever wondered what experiences in your life impact you the most and how to heal? I'd love to join you on your journey. From navigating big transitions, healing deep hurts to growing into your most meaningful dreams, I’m here to support you with warmth, compassion, & genuineness as well as a decade of experience & specialty training. Trauma informed approach - no problem is too big or small.
Accepting new clients! Telehealth available in MA, DC, AZ, WA, OR, UT, ID, LA, CO, NM. Moving through a painful transition? Want to make changes in your life? Need to figure out where to go from here & how to get there? Have you ever wondered what experiences in your life impact you the most and how to heal? I'd love to join you on your journey. From navigating big transitions, healing deep hurts to growing into your most meaningful dreams, I’m here to support you with warmth, compassion, & genuineness as well as a decade of experience & specialty training. Trauma informed approach - no problem is too big or small.
(617) 958-8138 View (617) 958-8138
Photo of Jolie Pate, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Jolie Pate
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients. In my experience, the body/mind has a natural tendency toward health and wholeness. I strive to create a warm, supportive and collaborative environment as a safe haven to explore challenging situations and/or old repetitive self-defeating patterns. I believe people can gain the confidence and tools necessary to address the challenges that bring them into therapy, clarify goals for change, build on their inherent strengths, create more fulfilling relationships with self and others and increase their resilience in maneuvering through life's many transitions and challenges.
I am currently accepting new clients. In my experience, the body/mind has a natural tendency toward health and wholeness. I strive to create a warm, supportive and collaborative environment as a safe haven to explore challenging situations and/or old repetitive self-defeating patterns. I believe people can gain the confidence and tools necessary to address the challenges that bring them into therapy, clarify goals for change, build on their inherent strengths, create more fulfilling relationships with self and others and increase their resilience in maneuvering through life's many transitions and challenges.
(617) 546-4994 View (617) 546-4994
Photo of Paola Scardino, LMHC, CRC
Paola Scardino
LMHC, CRC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
I believe that we all have the innate ability to thrive and be well in mind, given the right guidance, support and tools. To that goal, I provide individual psychotherapy to adults, couples, adolescents and families in a safe and supportive environment. Some of my specialty areas include anxiety disorders, depression and mood disorders, relational issues, family conflict, adjusting to life transitions, trauma, multicultural issues and LGBTQ clients.
I believe that we all have the innate ability to thrive and be well in mind, given the right guidance, support and tools. To that goal, I provide individual psychotherapy to adults, couples, adolescents and families in a safe and supportive environment. Some of my specialty areas include anxiety disorders, depression and mood disorders, relational issues, family conflict, adjusting to life transitions, trauma, multicultural issues and LGBTQ clients.
(617) 336-8840 View (617) 336-8840
Photo of Eva Sachsse, MSW, LCSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Eva Sachsse
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Have you noticed your self-esteem and confidence being low? Is anxiety or depression leaving you feeling tired, frustrated and worried? Are you struggling with trauma or grief making it hard to see better days ahead? Is adjusting to college life, making friends and staying organized been a struggle? or Have you had a difficult time with your social relationships? Seeking therapy is a courageous move, whether you’re addressing a particular issue or aiming more generally to have greater peace, satisfaction, and self-awareness. Whatever your motivation for starting therapy, I believe you are the expert in your own life.
Have you noticed your self-esteem and confidence being low? Is anxiety or depression leaving you feeling tired, frustrated and worried? Are you struggling with trauma or grief making it hard to see better days ahead? Is adjusting to college life, making friends and staying organized been a struggle? or Have you had a difficult time with your social relationships? Seeking therapy is a courageous move, whether you’re addressing a particular issue or aiming more generally to have greater peace, satisfaction, and self-awareness. Whatever your motivation for starting therapy, I believe you are the expert in your own life.
(508) 413-6581 View (508) 413-6581
Photo of Kathleen Sprengel - Pericles Psychotherapy, LLC, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pericles Psychotherapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02127  (Online Only)
I would first like to applaud you for taking the first step toward finding greater satisfaction in life. I believe this is what we all seek, and within the right therapeutic relationship we can better identify our needs and make changes to meet those needs. My primary theoretical orientation is attachment theory, which indicates that positive growth occurs within healthy, boundaried relationships. I believe that this can be applied to the therapeutic relationship and I aim to provide nurturing, dependable support in order to promote growth.
I would first like to applaud you for taking the first step toward finding greater satisfaction in life. I believe this is what we all seek, and within the right therapeutic relationship we can better identify our needs and make changes to meet those needs. My primary theoretical orientation is attachment theory, which indicates that positive growth occurs within healthy, boundaried relationships. I believe that this can be applied to the therapeutic relationship and I aim to provide nurturing, dependable support in order to promote growth.
(774) 214-2088 View (774) 214-2088
Photo of Whitney Wilson, PsyD, Psychologist
Whitney Wilson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You, like all people, create narratives about yourself, others, and the world, and your psychology is made up of the stories you tell yourself. These stories provide you with maps for how to navigate relationships, both with others and with the many parts of yourself. Whether you have found yourself here on your own, or at the urging of a partner, friend, or family member, it is likely that at least one of the maps you’ve created isn't working anymore. Moving through the world with an outdated, limiting, or incomplete map might manifest as feeling anxious or depressed, interpersonal conflicts, unhelpful anger, etc.
You, like all people, create narratives about yourself, others, and the world, and your psychology is made up of the stories you tell yourself. These stories provide you with maps for how to navigate relationships, both with others and with the many parts of yourself. Whether you have found yourself here on your own, or at the urging of a partner, friend, or family member, it is likely that at least one of the maps you’ve created isn't working anymore. Moving through the world with an outdated, limiting, or incomplete map might manifest as feeling anxious or depressed, interpersonal conflicts, unhelpful anger, etc.
(857) 420-5767 View (857) 420-5767
Photo of Amy Helena Busch - Boston Recovery Counseling, LADC 1, MEd, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Boston Recovery Counseling
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC 1, MEd
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02136
Welcome to Boston Recovery Counseling! If you are commited to recovery and improving your mental health, Boston Recovery Counseling is the place for you. Individual and family counseling can be incredibly beneficial as it helps to develop coping strategies to maintain sobriety. We work with individuals and family systems. It's also important to note that addiction counseling is not just limited to newly sober individuals, but can be beneficial at any stage of recovery, helping individuals navigate life's challenges and maintain a healthy, balanced lifestyle.
Welcome to Boston Recovery Counseling! If you are commited to recovery and improving your mental health, Boston Recovery Counseling is the place for you. Individual and family counseling can be incredibly beneficial as it helps to develop coping strategies to maintain sobriety. We work with individuals and family systems. It's also important to note that addiction counseling is not just limited to newly sober individuals, but can be beneficial at any stage of recovery, helping individuals navigate life's challenges and maintain a healthy, balanced lifestyle.
(617) 925-9275 View (617) 925-9275
Photo of Finora Rodriques, Counselor
Finora Rodriques
Counselor
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Finora. Are you feeling burdened by the seemingly never ending demands of life and finding it difficult to manage expectations related to the self, relationships, and responsibilities? Do you have experience with distressful thoughts and/or feelings that you can't seem to shake?
Hi! I'm Finora. Are you feeling burdened by the seemingly never ending demands of life and finding it difficult to manage expectations related to the self, relationships, and responsibilities? Do you have experience with distressful thoughts and/or feelings that you can't seem to shake?
(617) 944-5473 View (617) 944-5473
Photo of Dr. Brittany Jaso, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Brittany Jaso
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
I'm here to help clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and stress learn how to develop skills to help them cope now and in the future. I like to supplement treatment with activities in-between sessions to help clients learn, develop, and maintain skills to help them now and in the future.
I'm here to help clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and stress learn how to develop skills to help them cope now and in the future. I like to supplement treatment with activities in-between sessions to help clients learn, develop, and maintain skills to help them now and in the future.
(617) 958-6516 View (617) 958-6516
Photo of Afreen Nizami, Pre-Licensed Professional
Afreen Nizami
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
Afreen Nizami is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with over 5 years experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping children, adolescents, young adults, and adults, and couples address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives. Afreen specializes in depression, anxiety, PSTD, grief, trauma, school stress, relationship problems, and life transitions.
Afreen Nizami is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with over 5 years experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping children, adolescents, young adults, and adults, and couples address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives. Afreen specializes in depression, anxiety, PSTD, grief, trauma, school stress, relationship problems, and life transitions.
(781) 399-4744 View (781) 399-4744
Photo of Wendy Gladu Landry, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Gladu Landry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Wendy and would like to meet you. Are you struggling with grief and loss? Are you caring for an older adult in your life, or have a chronically ill family member, and don't know where to turn? Are you an older adult yourself, and looking for someone who might understand what you are going through? Does Huntington's Disease affect your family? Do you feel your eating behaviors are out of control, or struggle with weight issues? Do you just need some extra support at this time, due to life's stressors?
Hello! My name is Wendy and would like to meet you. Are you struggling with grief and loss? Are you caring for an older adult in your life, or have a chronically ill family member, and don't know where to turn? Are you an older adult yourself, and looking for someone who might understand what you are going through? Does Huntington's Disease affect your family? Do you feel your eating behaviors are out of control, or struggle with weight issues? Do you just need some extra support at this time, due to life's stressors?
(508) 850-0498 View (508) 850-0498
Photo of Zach Rotfus, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Zach Rotfus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02215  (Online Only)
My orientation is focused on seeing an individual within the context of their family, their work, their community. I will be a compassionate listener. But therapy requires more than compassionate listening. To have effective therapy is to be challenged in the way we think, feel, and live. My clinical style is to find solutions while staying rooted in compassion and understanding. I specialize in working with college-age individuals and young professionals.
My orientation is focused on seeing an individual within the context of their family, their work, their community. I will be a compassionate listener. But therapy requires more than compassionate listening. To have effective therapy is to be challenged in the way we think, feel, and live. My clinical style is to find solutions while staying rooted in compassion and understanding. I specialize in working with college-age individuals and young professionals.
(857) 227-9057 View (857) 227-9057
Photo of Laura Greve, PsyD, Psychologist
Laura Greve
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
High achievers and busy professionals, you've come to the right place! I am a clinical health psychologist specializing in treating adults who work hard, expect a lot from themselves and are trying to juggle it all. Navigating anxiety, depression or existential questions is hard, but you don't have to do it alone. I provide my clients with empathy, gentle challenging and a warm smile. From corporate execs to PhD students to entrepreneurs, I want my clients to learn how to thrive, flourish and live more meaningfully with purpose. My motto is "better health, peace of mind". Let's find that together. I am here to help!
High achievers and busy professionals, you've come to the right place! I am a clinical health psychologist specializing in treating adults who work hard, expect a lot from themselves and are trying to juggle it all. Navigating anxiety, depression or existential questions is hard, but you don't have to do it alone. I provide my clients with empathy, gentle challenging and a warm smile. From corporate execs to PhD students to entrepreneurs, I want my clients to learn how to thrive, flourish and live more meaningfully with purpose. My motto is "better health, peace of mind". Let's find that together. I am here to help!
(617) 674-1106 View (617) 674-1106
Photo of Frank Gomez, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Frank Gomez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Are your relationships experiencing difficulties such as communication breakdowns or unresolved conflicts? Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety or weighed down by depression? Feeling distant or detached from others? Or are you avoiding people, places, and things that remind you of past events? Navigating the waters of mental health and relationships can feel isolating and overwhelming, but you don't have to journey alone. I help couples and adults just like you. I am a mental health counselor with expertise in individual, couples, and family therapy. I'm committed to guiding clients towards healing and growth.
Are your relationships experiencing difficulties such as communication breakdowns or unresolved conflicts? Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety or weighed down by depression? Feeling distant or detached from others? Or are you avoiding people, places, and things that remind you of past events? Navigating the waters of mental health and relationships can feel isolating and overwhelming, but you don't have to journey alone. I help couples and adults just like you. I am a mental health counselor with expertise in individual, couples, and family therapy. I'm committed to guiding clients towards healing and growth.
(617) 766-0231 View (617) 766-0231
Photo of Bethanie Leonardo Prazeres, LMHC, Counselor
Bethanie Leonardo Prazeres
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients in MA and RI via Telehealth with daytime availability and the following insurances: BCBS, Harvard Pilgrim, United Health & Tufts. As my client, you can expect a safe, therapeutic, and non judgmental environment to process your emotions and better understand yourself. I will help you feel safe, secure, and heard. Together, we will learn how to reframe your negative thinking and develop a positive mindset. I primarily use cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as a client centered/strength based approach. However, I am open to adapting our therapeutic techniques to help you achieve your desired goals.
Accepting new clients in MA and RI via Telehealth with daytime availability and the following insurances: BCBS, Harvard Pilgrim, United Health & Tufts. As my client, you can expect a safe, therapeutic, and non judgmental environment to process your emotions and better understand yourself. I will help you feel safe, secure, and heard. Together, we will learn how to reframe your negative thinking and develop a positive mindset. I primarily use cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as a client centered/strength based approach. However, I am open to adapting our therapeutic techniques to help you achieve your desired goals.
(774) 425-7706 View (774) 425-7706
Photo of Laura Adamic, PsyD, Psychologist
Laura Adamic
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I am a licensed psychologist specialized in providing individual psychotherapy to adults. I work compassionately with my clients to create personal growth, including: Developing insight about one's characteristic ways of dealing with stress, engaging in relationships, or maintaining motivation * * Creating healthy responses to stress at work or in family life * * Navigating transitions like divorce, loss, pregnancy, job change, relocation * * Recognizing and managing anxiety and depression * * Unpacking complex family dynamics and histories * * Clarifying personal values and aligning goals accordingly.
I am a licensed psychologist specialized in providing individual psychotherapy to adults. I work compassionately with my clients to create personal growth, including: Developing insight about one's characteristic ways of dealing with stress, engaging in relationships, or maintaining motivation * * Creating healthy responses to stress at work or in family life * * Navigating transitions like divorce, loss, pregnancy, job change, relocation * * Recognizing and managing anxiety and depression * * Unpacking complex family dynamics and histories * * Clarifying personal values and aligning goals accordingly.
(617) 580-3138 View (617) 580-3138
Photo of Rebecca Austin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Austin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
(617) 249-7933 View (617) 249-7933
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$154

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

62% Online Only
38% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.