Therapists in Alexandria, VA

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Photo of Hallie Fleisch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hallie Fleisch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Seeking therapy is a courageous choice. I would be honored to walk with you on your journey. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge-eating), and disordered eating. I have extensive experience treating: trauma, anxiety, depression, issues related to self-esteem, and relationship concerns. I am actively affirming and welcoming of LGBTQIA+ identities and sexual orientation. In our work together, I will encourage you to uncover your strengths, advocate for your needs, and help you reach your goals. I will provide support, humor, and a nonjudgmental perspective throughout our work together.
Seeking therapy is a courageous choice. I would be honored to walk with you on your journey. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge-eating), and disordered eating. I have extensive experience treating: trauma, anxiety, depression, issues related to self-esteem, and relationship concerns. I am actively affirming and welcoming of LGBTQIA+ identities and sexual orientation. In our work together, I will encourage you to uncover your strengths, advocate for your needs, and help you reach your goals. I will provide support, humor, and a nonjudgmental perspective throughout our work together.
(571) 520-6265 View (571) 520-6265
Photo of Jennifer Redlin, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Redlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Jenny Leigh Redlin is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Professional Counselor (LMHC, LPC) with over 10 years of experience assisting adults who are struggling with trauma, shame, regret, difficult life transitions, low feelings of self-worth, anxiety, depression, or identity-related issues.
Jenny Leigh Redlin is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Professional Counselor (LMHC, LPC) with over 10 years of experience assisting adults who are struggling with trauma, shame, regret, difficult life transitions, low feelings of self-worth, anxiety, depression, or identity-related issues.
(571) 556-9889 View (571) 556-9889
Photo of Dr. Barbara S Wallace, DMin, MA, Pastoral Counselor
Dr. Barbara S Wallace
Pastoral Counselor, DMin, MA
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
Rev. Dr. Barbara S. Wallace provides pastoral counseling services virtually or in person by creating a safe, caring, respectful, and honest environment so you feel relaxed and comfortable sharing. As a licensed minister ordained reverend, I am committed to active listening in a non-judgmental manner to build a trusting space for you to vent, be authentic, identify your feelings, and be empowered because I support you, and God does, too. Isaiah 43:18-19, God tells us to stop dwelling on our past and to look forward with anticipation for the blessings He has for us in our futures. Allow me to help you accept it and hope in God.
Rev. Dr. Barbara S. Wallace provides pastoral counseling services virtually or in person by creating a safe, caring, respectful, and honest environment so you feel relaxed and comfortable sharing. As a licensed minister ordained reverend, I am committed to active listening in a non-judgmental manner to build a trusting space for you to vent, be authentic, identify your feelings, and be empowered because I support you, and God does, too. Isaiah 43:18-19, God tells us to stop dwelling on our past and to look forward with anticipation for the blessings He has for us in our futures. Allow me to help you accept it and hope in God.
(571) 568-7559 View (571) 568-7559
Photo of Jazmin Freeman, MEd, LPC-R, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jazmin Freeman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, LPC-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
My ideal client is someone from a marginalized community, particularly an individual who has survived a traumatic situation and is seeking support from a therapist who provides affirming care from a culturally competent perspective. This client may be looking to navigate their experiences and challenges with a therapist who understands their cultural background and can provide a safe and supportive space for healing and growth.
My ideal client is someone from a marginalized community, particularly an individual who has survived a traumatic situation and is seeking support from a therapist who provides affirming care from a culturally competent perspective. This client may be looking to navigate their experiences and challenges with a therapist who understands their cultural background and can provide a safe and supportive space for healing and growth.
(571) 639-4335 x1 View (571) 639-4335 x1
Photo of Tracy Blanchard - Dr. Tracy Blanchard, LLC, PhD, LPC, NCC, CHST, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Tracy Blanchard, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, CHST
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or emotional triggers from your past? Are your relationships less fulfilling than you want them to be? Have feelings of resentment from past difficulties negatively affected the closeness of your relationship or sex life? Are you in "gridlock," repeating patterns? If you answered yes to any of these questions, we can create a customized plan to help you. Combining my specialized training with your desire to change, we will work together to develop an integrated approach to enhance your relationships and emotional health. Specialties include emotional triggers, clinical sexology, Individual, relationship and couples work.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or emotional triggers from your past? Are your relationships less fulfilling than you want them to be? Have feelings of resentment from past difficulties negatively affected the closeness of your relationship or sex life? Are you in "gridlock," repeating patterns? If you answered yes to any of these questions, we can create a customized plan to help you. Combining my specialized training with your desire to change, we will work together to develop an integrated approach to enhance your relationships and emotional health. Specialties include emotional triggers, clinical sexology, Individual, relationship and couples work.
(703) 215-9168 View (703) 215-9168
Photo of Brooke Buck, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brooke Buck
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22304
Waitlist for new clients
Are you having a hard time figuring out what is going on with your relationships with others? Do you have recurring or consistent negative thoughts and feelings about yourself and your future? Are you feeling helpless even though you know you should be doing ok? My name is Brooke Buck and I am here to assist you in breaking down the walls of communication and rebuild them the way you have always wanted to. I work hard to listen and help to provide a different perspective to my clients.
Are you having a hard time figuring out what is going on with your relationships with others? Do you have recurring or consistent negative thoughts and feelings about yourself and your future? Are you feeling helpless even though you know you should be doing ok? My name is Brooke Buck and I am here to assist you in breaking down the walls of communication and rebuild them the way you have always wanted to. I work hard to listen and help to provide a different perspective to my clients.
(703) 594-1966 View (703) 594-1966
Photo of Laura Weidema, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Weidema
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Do you have a young child with disruptive behaviors? Getting frequent phone calls from school and day care? Does your home feel chaotic and stressful? With over 15 years of experience, I specialize in helping children, caregivers, individuals, and families facing challenges such as trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD, parenting struggles, and behavioral issues. I am a Certified PCIT therapist and Within Agency Trainer with PCIT International.
Do you have a young child with disruptive behaviors? Getting frequent phone calls from school and day care? Does your home feel chaotic and stressful? With over 15 years of experience, I specialize in helping children, caregivers, individuals, and families facing challenges such as trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD, parenting struggles, and behavioral issues. I am a Certified PCIT therapist and Within Agency Trainer with PCIT International.
(571) 605-6926 View (571) 605-6926
Photo of John-Paul James, PhD, DMin, DACBN
John-Paul James
Resident in Counseling, PhD, DMin, DACBN
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
My ideal clients are people with individual, health issues, parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, premartial, marriage, family, relationship, and sex challenges, body dysmorphia, psycho-social issues, chronic illness, chronic pain, chronic emotional difficulties, anxiety, mood disorders, and personality disorders. The client is willing to have consistent dialogue about how to improve this area of their life and is willing to try new ideas and/or behaviors suggested during their sessions within their daily life. My ability to establish a quick rapport, understanding, and genuineness are keys to my success with my clients.
My ideal clients are people with individual, health issues, parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, premartial, marriage, family, relationship, and sex challenges, body dysmorphia, psycho-social issues, chronic illness, chronic pain, chronic emotional difficulties, anxiety, mood disorders, and personality disorders. The client is willing to have consistent dialogue about how to improve this area of their life and is willing to try new ideas and/or behaviors suggested during their sessions within their daily life. My ability to establish a quick rapport, understanding, and genuineness are keys to my success with my clients.
(571) 200-6935 View (571) 200-6935
Photo of Sherry Jackson, LPC, LSATP, CSAC, MAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sherry Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP, CSAC, MAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Do you feel "stuck" or find yourself overwhelmed by life's responsibilities? Do you desire to reconnect with your true self? If this is you, then therapy may be a good option to help you gain a deeper understanding of your individual needs, patterns and limiting beliefs while becoming the person you were created to be. It is my belief that everyone holds the power to change, and like a seed that needs favorable conditions to thrive, personal growth must be nurtured and skillfully developed. My goal is to facilitate a trusting, and sometimes challenging but powerful partnership that supports your desire for positive change.
Do you feel "stuck" or find yourself overwhelmed by life's responsibilities? Do you desire to reconnect with your true self? If this is you, then therapy may be a good option to help you gain a deeper understanding of your individual needs, patterns and limiting beliefs while becoming the person you were created to be. It is my belief that everyone holds the power to change, and like a seed that needs favorable conditions to thrive, personal growth must be nurtured and skillfully developed. My goal is to facilitate a trusting, and sometimes challenging but powerful partnership that supports your desire for positive change.
(804) 818-4433 View (804) 818-4433
Photo of Elizabeth Suellentrop, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Suellentrop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
My ideal client is someone who is interested in learning about and applying Dialectical Behavioral Therapy skills to their life, setting goals, and working collaboratively toward them.
My ideal client is someone who is interested in learning about and applying Dialectical Behavioral Therapy skills to their life, setting goals, and working collaboratively toward them.
(571) 520-3866 View (571) 520-3866
Photo of Derek A Morch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Derek A Morch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Feeling stuck? Are you experiencing overwhelming thoughts or emotions that are making it difficult to function? Beginning therapy is an important and often challenging first step in trying to make a change, whether you are struggling with high levels of stress, a difficult life transition, or perhaps coping with an issue more chronic in nature. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience in providing mental health services to adults experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, substance abuse, and numerous other problems of living.
Feeling stuck? Are you experiencing overwhelming thoughts or emotions that are making it difficult to function? Beginning therapy is an important and often challenging first step in trying to make a change, whether you are struggling with high levels of stress, a difficult life transition, or perhaps coping with an issue more chronic in nature. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience in providing mental health services to adults experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, substance abuse, and numerous other problems of living.
(703) 691-5292 View (703) 691-5292
Photo of Aaron Whitehead - Pearl Vitality Counseling, LLC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pearl Vitality Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Aaron Whitehead is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with an extensive counseling background in the community and private practice sector. Aaron received his Bachelor's degree from James Madison University and obtained his Masters Degree from George Mason University. Aaron has been provided mental health services in the Northern VA area for over 12 years.
Aaron Whitehead is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with an extensive counseling background in the community and private practice sector. Aaron received his Bachelor's degree from James Madison University and obtained his Masters Degree from George Mason University. Aaron has been provided mental health services in the Northern VA area for over 12 years.
(571) 336-0974 View (571) 336-0974
Photo of Alycia Burant, MA, LPC, NCC, CMHIMP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alycia Burant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CMHIMP
Verified Verified
15 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
You are a high achieving individual in many ways, but seem to come up short when it comes to having meaningful, successful relationships with others and struggle with self confidence. You have been defined by others in your life as “successful” but are still left feeling unfilled and unhappy. Maybe negative thoughts swirl around your head when you are trying to get work done or fall asleep at night. Or maybe you experience difficulty concentrating because you are so worried if the person next to you is upset with you and constantly worry if you can make the people around you happy.
You are a high achieving individual in many ways, but seem to come up short when it comes to having meaningful, successful relationships with others and struggle with self confidence. You have been defined by others in your life as “successful” but are still left feeling unfilled and unhappy. Maybe negative thoughts swirl around your head when you are trying to get work done or fall asleep at night. Or maybe you experience difficulty concentrating because you are so worried if the person next to you is upset with you and constantly worry if you can make the people around you happy.
(703) 270-0386 View (703) 270-0386
Photo of Suzanne Cooper, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Suzanne Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
Hi there! I’m Suzanne, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who provides telehealth therapy to individuals across Virginia and Indiana. I help people pleasers and trauma survivors move from self-criticism to self-compassion for more meaningful living. For many clients, the pain they experience might stem from past trauma, growing up in homes impacted by addiction, codependency, emotional neglect, invalidation, or loss.
Hi there! I’m Suzanne, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who provides telehealth therapy to individuals across Virginia and Indiana. I help people pleasers and trauma survivors move from self-criticism to self-compassion for more meaningful living. For many clients, the pain they experience might stem from past trauma, growing up in homes impacted by addiction, codependency, emotional neglect, invalidation, or loss.
(571) 946-6740 View (571) 946-6740
Photo of Ebony Harrison, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ebony Harrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Hi there, I'm Ebony Harrison, a licensed professional counselor with more than 5 years of experience supporting diverse populations across different environments. My primary focus areas include anxiety, grief, death/dying, and trauma. I take pleasure in assisting individuals grappling with life's overwhelming stressors. Collaborating closely with my clients, I tailor care to prioritize their unique experiences. By offering perspective and gently encouraging growth through healthy challenges, I foster a safe and supportive environment for personal development.
Hi there, I'm Ebony Harrison, a licensed professional counselor with more than 5 years of experience supporting diverse populations across different environments. My primary focus areas include anxiety, grief, death/dying, and trauma. I take pleasure in assisting individuals grappling with life's overwhelming stressors. Collaborating closely with my clients, I tailor care to prioritize their unique experiences. By offering perspective and gently encouraging growth through healthy challenges, I foster a safe and supportive environment for personal development.
(571) 410-3661 x1 View (571) 410-3661 x1
Photo of Kelly Clemente, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelly Clemente
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Kelly Clemente is a Resident in Counseling with 8 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives. Kelly specializes in treating special needs children, drug-addicted youth, pregnant teens, struggling birthmothers, eating-disordered adults, grieving widows, sexual trauma survivors, and victims of domestic violence. Kelly utilizes multiple treatment approaches including mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and solution-focused therapy.
Kelly Clemente is a Resident in Counseling with 8 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives. Kelly specializes in treating special needs children, drug-addicted youth, pregnant teens, struggling birthmothers, eating-disordered adults, grieving widows, sexual trauma survivors, and victims of domestic violence. Kelly utilizes multiple treatment approaches including mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and solution-focused therapy.
(571) 556-9917 View (571) 556-9917
Photo of Mahogany M. Hall, DSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mahogany M. Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Greetings and welcome! I am the founder of Hall Counseling Services. We work with individuals, families, and couples and are happy to provide a safe space for everyone. If you are struggling with a major life event or simply need a professional to help you process and manage your thoughts, we are here for you. Our website provides pictures and biographies for each of our clinicians. When you call or email us, we will pair you with the appropriate clinician and schedule your intake appointment. If you simply have questions about the therapy process, we also offer free 15 minute consultations. We look forward to working with you.
Greetings and welcome! I am the founder of Hall Counseling Services. We work with individuals, families, and couples and are happy to provide a safe space for everyone. If you are struggling with a major life event or simply need a professional to help you process and manage your thoughts, we are here for you. Our website provides pictures and biographies for each of our clinicians. When you call or email us, we will pair you with the appropriate clinician and schedule your intake appointment. If you simply have questions about the therapy process, we also offer free 15 minute consultations. We look forward to working with you.
(703) 972-6752 View (703) 972-6752
Photo of Anna Alberson, MSW, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna Alberson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I use a nonjudgmental, holistic and person-centered approach to aid clients in developing healthy coping skills to deal with anxiety, depression, disordered eating/body image, grief, trauma, relationship issues, life transitions and maladaptive behaviors. I help clients identify and utilize strengths to combat negative thoughts, emotions and behaviors in a warm, safe and nurturing environment.
I use a nonjudgmental, holistic and person-centered approach to aid clients in developing healthy coping skills to deal with anxiety, depression, disordered eating/body image, grief, trauma, relationship issues, life transitions and maladaptive behaviors. I help clients identify and utilize strengths to combat negative thoughts, emotions and behaviors in a warm, safe and nurturing environment.
View
Photo of Behnaz Gitipour, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Behnaz Gitipour
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
My great passion is bringing healing to individuals who have been through stressful/traumatic experiences. I help my clients find the right direction in their lives and meet their unique needs.
My great passion is bringing healing to individuals who have been through stressful/traumatic experiences. I help my clients find the right direction in their lives and meet their unique needs.
(571) 609-3229 View (571) 609-3229
Photo of Hugh Pinnock, MFT-R, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hugh Pinnock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Some commonly believed myths about couples counseling are (1) it’s the first step to divorce or separation, (2) a partner is going to feel outnumbered and gained up on, and (3) it involves nothing but tears, sweat, and pain. I am passionate about helping couples heal and rebuild trust after experiencing hurt, neglect, or an affair. I am all about helping couples find their spark again developing habits and communication patterns that help connect them and feel understood by one another. Couples therapy can be fun! Humor lowers tensions and brings a sense of lightheartedness into therapy, reminding us all that we’re only human.
Some commonly believed myths about couples counseling are (1) it’s the first step to divorce or separation, (2) a partner is going to feel outnumbered and gained up on, and (3) it involves nothing but tears, sweat, and pain. I am passionate about helping couples heal and rebuild trust after experiencing hurt, neglect, or an affair. I am all about helping couples find their spark again developing habits and communication patterns that help connect them and feel understood by one another. Couples therapy can be fun! Humor lowers tensions and brings a sense of lightheartedness into therapy, reminding us all that we’re only human.
(703) 552-5397 View (703) 552-5397
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
76% Self Esteem
76% Stress
73% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.