Therapists in Southaven, MS
![Photo of Katie Christides, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/18cb73a0-9668-4130-8c45-f8437a9928c1/2/320x400.jpeg)
Katie Christides
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Southaven, MS 38671
Do you worry often, feel empty, have difficulty connecting with others, or have unresolved stuff from your past that keeps coming up? There’s a misconception that counseling should be done as a last resort or that only people with severe mental illnesses go to counseling. In reality, counseling can be a life altering decision that can help heal your wounds, change your perspective, and enhance your life.
Do you worry often, feel empty, have difficulty connecting with others, or have unresolved stuff from your past that keeps coming up? There’s a misconception that counseling should be done as a last resort or that only people with severe mental illnesses go to counseling. In reality, counseling can be a life altering decision that can help heal your wounds, change your perspective, and enhance your life.
![Photo of Belinda Tate Hardy, LCSW, , MPA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0715ef03-8205-43bd-86d4-a4c3c23e81cd/1/320x400.jpeg)
Belinda Tate Hardy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, , MPA
Verified Verified
Southaven, MS 38671
Seasoned clinician with over 30 yrs..of social work and therapy experience. Individuals who benefit most from my practice are mature adults, seniors who find themselves ready to explore new ways to navigate these complex and challenging times.
Seasoned clinician with over 30 yrs..of social work and therapy experience. Individuals who benefit most from my practice are mature adults, seniors who find themselves ready to explore new ways to navigate these complex and challenging times.
![Photo of Cynthia W Jones, MEd, CMHT, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4a1644d2-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Cynthia W Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, CMHT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southaven, MS 38671
I have been working as a professional counselor for over fifteen years. Depression, Anxiety, Adjustment Issues, Family and Relationship Issues, Peer Conflict, Anger and Substance Abuse are some of the common issues I’ve addressed in session with clients. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults.
I have been working as a professional counselor for over fifteen years. Depression, Anxiety, Adjustment Issues, Family and Relationship Issues, Peer Conflict, Anger and Substance Abuse are some of the common issues I’ve addressed in session with clients. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults.
![Photo of Jessica J. J. Martin, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5328e87c-881d-48e7-8e60-b3e192751953/1/320x400.jpeg)
My sole purpose as a counselor is to help guide my clients through the struggles that so many of us must learn to navigate. Since each of us walks a unique path in pursuit of happiness and mental health, I believe in working together with clients to find their best answers.
My sole purpose as a counselor is to help guide my clients through the struggles that so many of us must learn to navigate. Since each of us walks a unique path in pursuit of happiness and mental health, I believe in working together with clients to find their best answers.
![Photo of Jeremy Erickson, MA MFTC, CSAT , EMDR II, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a411c842-8641-4fa0-898b-283db7d6455d/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jeremy Erickson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA MFTC, CSAT , EMDR II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southaven, MS 38671
My main goal in therapy is to meet people where they are in their brokenness and pain with empathy and understanding. Many situations in life can be painful and difficult to deal with, but they do not have to be dealt with alone. As your therapist, it is my mission to have you work towards healthier relationships with yourself and others by equipping you with tools and moving through obstacles together.
My main goal in therapy is to meet people where they are in their brokenness and pain with empathy and understanding. Many situations in life can be painful and difficult to deal with, but they do not have to be dealt with alone. As your therapist, it is my mission to have you work towards healthier relationships with yourself and others by equipping you with tools and moving through obstacles together.
![Photo of Sarah Ann Edinger, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/29d82742-40c7-484b-88eb-29ba40ca51ed/3/320x400.jpeg)
Children and youth sometimes have much more difficulty expressing their feelings in an appropriate way in than adults. It is difficult to watch your child suffer with anxiety, depression, stress, or any variety of situations that impact daily living. Children and youth may not have learned how to express emotions due to varying reasons. The goal is to improve coping skills, confidence, and the ability for all children and adolescents to navigate big emotions and difficult emotions in a healthy manner.
Children and youth sometimes have much more difficulty expressing their feelings in an appropriate way in than adults. It is difficult to watch your child suffer with anxiety, depression, stress, or any variety of situations that impact daily living. Children and youth may not have learned how to express emotions due to varying reasons. The goal is to improve coping skills, confidence, and the ability for all children and adolescents to navigate big emotions and difficult emotions in a healthy manner.
![Photo of Angie Thomason, MS, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b3f846b7-b0ac-496f-8027-0e4db28dfe5b/3/320x400.jpeg)
Do you seek support and guidance in making changes needed to have a fulfilling life? In my 20 years of clinical practice as a therapist, it has been my honor to assist hundreds of people find their unique strengths for healing past trauma, learn coping skills for anxiety and depression, recover from loss or substance use, and develop those new skills to become the person they are meant to be. Transition from what we know can be a scary thing, let me travel that road with you.
Do you seek support and guidance in making changes needed to have a fulfilling life? In my 20 years of clinical practice as a therapist, it has been my honor to assist hundreds of people find their unique strengths for healing past trauma, learn coping skills for anxiety and depression, recover from loss or substance use, and develop those new skills to become the person they are meant to be. Transition from what we know can be a scary thing, let me travel that road with you.
![Photo of Jaqueline Carter, LPC, NCC, MEd, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/529a2270-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Are you or someone you know going through a rough patch? Life's troubles getting you down? Let me provide empowerment in your time of need. I understand that a stressor can effect you or the entire family. I am licensed in the state of Mississippi. I have experience working with adults, adolescence, and children on finding the coping skills they need to conquer everyday living. So if you or your child/adolescent is struggling with anger, anxiety, depression, bereavement, divorce recovery, communication building, or trauma, I would love to help you in your time of need.
Are you or someone you know going through a rough patch? Life's troubles getting you down? Let me provide empowerment in your time of need. I understand that a stressor can effect you or the entire family. I am licensed in the state of Mississippi. I have experience working with adults, adolescence, and children on finding the coping skills they need to conquer everyday living. So if you or your child/adolescent is struggling with anger, anxiety, depression, bereavement, divorce recovery, communication building, or trauma, I would love to help you in your time of need.
![Photo of Brenda Lee Jackson - A Peace Of Peace Life Consultant, LLC , LSW, MSW, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d37f7457-c241-483b-9aa1-02b178f2de1e/2/320x400.jpeg)
A Peace Of Peace Life Consultant, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW, MA
Verified Verified
Southaven, MS 38671 (Online Only)
Life-changing events are happening everyday of our life whether good or bad. I believe there are three fundamentals that are necessary in achieving mental healthiness. They are self-love, purpose, and value; without these attributes this could bring about some form of mental discord. I specialize in working with people who are striving to live a more meaningful life consisting of internal healing. I treat individuals who struggle with anger, depression, PTSD, self-esteem, trauma, other everyday life issues, and interpersonal concerns. Clients are unique individuals with different needs. Therefore, you are the expert of yourself.
Life-changing events are happening everyday of our life whether good or bad. I believe there are three fundamentals that are necessary in achieving mental healthiness. They are self-love, purpose, and value; without these attributes this could bring about some form of mental discord. I specialize in working with people who are striving to live a more meaningful life consisting of internal healing. I treat individuals who struggle with anger, depression, PTSD, self-esteem, trauma, other everyday life issues, and interpersonal concerns. Clients are unique individuals with different needs. Therefore, you are the expert of yourself.
![Photo of Sara Stemmer, MS, P-LPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/406e9601-96a0-47dc-90a6-db022815f127/1/320x400.jpeg)
My therapeutic approach is rooted in Person-Centered therapy in which the relationship between client and clinician is a priority and is based in mutual trust and respect, empathy and congruence. I use integrative techniques in every session to meet the unique needs of each client, such as CBT, trauma-informed therapy and mindfulness-based therapy. I believe that individuals are experts on themselves and because of this I take a collaborative approach in working with clients, utilizing what is known as Feedback Informed Treatment (FIT) to get client input in evaluating progress and clients’ needs.
My therapeutic approach is rooted in Person-Centered therapy in which the relationship between client and clinician is a priority and is based in mutual trust and respect, empathy and congruence. I use integrative techniques in every session to meet the unique needs of each client, such as CBT, trauma-informed therapy and mindfulness-based therapy. I believe that individuals are experts on themselves and because of this I take a collaborative approach in working with clients, utilizing what is known as Feedback Informed Treatment (FIT) to get client input in evaluating progress and clients’ needs.
![Photo of Emily Thomas Johnson - Behavior, Attention, & Developmental Disabilities, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1be9ab0e-7757-4442-827a-665c704c57e7/2/320x400.jpeg)
Behavior, Attention, & Developmental Disabilities
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Southaven, MS 38672
Our clinic offers a number of services to children and adolescents living in Mississippi including psychological diagnostic assessment, behavior therapy, mental health counseling, developmental assessment, and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
Our clinic offers a number of services to children and adolescents living in Mississippi including psychological diagnostic assessment, behavior therapy, mental health counseling, developmental assessment, and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
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![Photo of Alison Duncan Barnum, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/48d74495-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Alison Duncan Barnum
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
Southaven, MS 38672
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in using evidence-based treatment modalities to reduce symptoms of PTSD. I work with clients who have other concerns and issues, and I believe that all people deserve a full life that can be achieved by gaining awareness of their motivations and decision-making patterns. By learning about yourself, you become more able to develop healthy relationships and live a life that more closely matches your own values, which leads to inner peace.
I specialize in using evidence-based treatment modalities to reduce symptoms of PTSD. I work with clients who have other concerns and issues, and I believe that all people deserve a full life that can be achieved by gaining awareness of their motivations and decision-making patterns. By learning about yourself, you become more able to develop healthy relationships and live a life that more closely matches your own values, which leads to inner peace.
![Photo of Stacey Guthrie, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4374bb3d-af62-4ea7-a7f4-bf592ff3ce74/1/320x400.jpeg)
Stacey Guthrie
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC
Verified Verified
Southaven, MS 38671
Stacey is a Registered Play Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience working with children through the use of Play Therapy. She wanted to offer her love for helping children gain the tools needed to learn how to process emotions, heal from trauma, and learn how to communicate their emotional needs to others in a healthy way. Play is a natural expression for children and the best way to meet their needs. Play is a safe way for children to tell their stories. She works with children beginning at age 3 through age 9.
Stacey is a Registered Play Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience working with children through the use of Play Therapy. She wanted to offer her love for helping children gain the tools needed to learn how to process emotions, heal from trauma, and learn how to communicate their emotional needs to others in a healthy way. Play is a natural expression for children and the best way to meet their needs. Play is a safe way for children to tell their stories. She works with children beginning at age 3 through age 9.
![Photo of Courtney Parrish, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3f07321a-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that works with adolescents and adults with a variety of issues. I understand that life does not always go exactly as we have hoped and that sometimes we need a little extra support to get it on track. I would love to be the person to support you in achieving your goals for yourself or your family. In my current practice I address difficulties with depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, behavior problems, family issues, adjustment difficulties, communication problems, codependency, and parenting.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that works with adolescents and adults with a variety of issues. I understand that life does not always go exactly as we have hoped and that sometimes we need a little extra support to get it on track. I would love to be the person to support you in achieving your goals for yourself or your family. In my current practice I address difficulties with depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, behavior problems, family issues, adjustment difficulties, communication problems, codependency, and parenting.
![Photo of Kari Podwoski, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c4b236c5-e777-4447-aea9-7f1343b3e617/1/320x400.jpeg)
As emotional beings, we all have the same desires and fears for our relationships. We want to feel valued and accepted and we run from rejection and shame. These basic human needs can cause us to stay too long in unhealthy relationships (personal and professional), and oftentimes, turn us against ourselves in the form of self destructive behaviors and damaged self worth. As a counselor, my goal is to help empower individuals to examine their thoughts and behaviors so they can understand what is theirs and let go of what is not. "Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate" -Carl Jung
As emotional beings, we all have the same desires and fears for our relationships. We want to feel valued and accepted and we run from rejection and shame. These basic human needs can cause us to stay too long in unhealthy relationships (personal and professional), and oftentimes, turn us against ourselves in the form of self destructive behaviors and damaged self worth. As a counselor, my goal is to help empower individuals to examine their thoughts and behaviors so they can understand what is theirs and let go of what is not. "Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate" -Carl Jung
![Photo of Kyle Routh, LPC, ASAT, EMDR II, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/611136ee-e366-4061-a831-ccbcbd35014b/3/320x400.jpeg)
Kyle Routh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ASAT, EMDR II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southaven, MS 38672
There are times in life when the grips of despair, brokenness, and shame tear us down. When hardship, loss, conflict, and confusion disconnect us from ourselves and others. When our thoughts, our feelings, our choices, and our relationships all seem to be burdensome. When we feel stuck. We know we need help, we need change, we need health; but we have no idea what to do or where to find it. Finding trusted support during these seasons of life can be difficult, but the reward for facing these struggles can be immense.
There are times in life when the grips of despair, brokenness, and shame tear us down. When hardship, loss, conflict, and confusion disconnect us from ourselves and others. When our thoughts, our feelings, our choices, and our relationships all seem to be burdensome. When we feel stuck. We know we need help, we need change, we need health; but we have no idea what to do or where to find it. Finding trusted support during these seasons of life can be difficult, but the reward for facing these struggles can be immense.
![Photo of Joshua Hollingsworth, MA, LPC- MS, LPC- AR, LMFT-CA, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0c39908d-b0a2-49d0-9b60-b35af8e73d23/2/320x400.jpeg)
Joshua Hollingsworth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC- MS, LPC- AR, LMFT-CA
Verified Verified
Southaven, MS 38672
I believe all people are doing the best they can with what they have, and that no one has to be stuck in their current circumstances. I work with individuals, couples, and families to empower them to be a little better today than they were yesterday. I work to help my clients find the root of the problem, to determine the best path to healing and to improve their life and relationships.
I believe all people are doing the best they can with what they have, and that no one has to be stuck in their current circumstances. I work with individuals, couples, and families to empower them to be a little better today than they were yesterday. I work to help my clients find the root of the problem, to determine the best path to healing and to improve their life and relationships.
![Photo of Anthony J Wood - Desoto Family Counseling Center, PLLC, MEd, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/784e7db3-c696-4757-8579-a9a589ec811f/1/320x400.png)
Desoto Family Counseling Center, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
Southaven, MS 38671
In these difficult and challenging times, life can easily become overwhelming. It is our goal to walk with you or your loved ones that may be struggling. Through empowerment and healing, we can navigate life's twists, turns, up and downs. It is our goal to help you overcome the difficult circumstances that may arise from your situation, by providing expert support during your times of difficulties. At Desoto Family Counseling & Pediatric Therapy Center (DFCPTC), we offer a range of disciplines such as Medication Management, Counseling, and Occupational/Physical/Speech Therapy.
In these difficult and challenging times, life can easily become overwhelming. It is our goal to walk with you or your loved ones that may be struggling. Through empowerment and healing, we can navigate life's twists, turns, up and downs. It is our goal to help you overcome the difficult circumstances that may arise from your situation, by providing expert support during your times of difficulties. At Desoto Family Counseling & Pediatric Therapy Center (DFCPTC), we offer a range of disciplines such as Medication Management, Counseling, and Occupational/Physical/Speech Therapy.
![Photo of Denise F Fowler, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4769f857-4b7e-4d46-886e-359b443fc26a/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Christian therapist with over 30 years of counseling experience. It would be my honor to come to know you and collaborate with you in examining how to achieve your goals and enhance your life. Sometimes, we need help navigating through the struggles and stress of these challenging times. In therapy, my goal is to empower you to build on your own strengths and develop skills to enhance your interpersonal relationships.
I am a Christian therapist with over 30 years of counseling experience. It would be my honor to come to know you and collaborate with you in examining how to achieve your goals and enhance your life. Sometimes, we need help navigating through the struggles and stress of these challenging times. In therapy, my goal is to empower you to build on your own strengths and develop skills to enhance your interpersonal relationships.
![Photo of Mattison L. Ellis, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/423d3052-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Life is a beautiful journey but it's path is undeniably filled with "pitfalls" that can ensnare us, imprison us, and rob us of hope. My goal is to come alongside you when you feel "stuck," and help you find the key that unlocks the door to freedom. As we walk together my goal is to help you discover hope again as you find relief from painful emotional wounds and break free from unhelpful thought patterns and false core beliefs. You will also learn practical ways to control thoughts, urges, and emotions keeping you stuck in unwanted, destructive behavior patterns.
Life is a beautiful journey but it's path is undeniably filled with "pitfalls" that can ensnare us, imprison us, and rob us of hope. My goal is to come alongside you when you feel "stuck," and help you find the key that unlocks the door to freedom. As we walk together my goal is to help you discover hope again as you find relief from painful emotional wounds and break free from unhelpful thought patterns and false core beliefs. You will also learn practical ways to control thoughts, urges, and emotions keeping you stuck in unwanted, destructive behavior patterns.
See more therapy options for Southaven
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Southaven, MS
70+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Southaven, MS who prioritize treating:
86% | Anxiety |
84% | Depression |
77% | Trauma and PTSD |
77% | Self Esteem |
73% | Relationship Issues |
71% | Stress |
68% | Family Conflict |
Average years in practice
12 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
82% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
76% | Cigna and Evernorth |
71% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Southaven, MS see their clients
90% | In Person and Online | |
10% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
84% | Female | |
16% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Southaven?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.