Therapists in San Luis Obispo, CA

Photo of Benjamin Rea, LCSW, MS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Benjamin Rea
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
Thank you for exploring my profile. I am accepting new clients. I see clients both in person and virtually. With over 20 years of experience, my training and experience is specialized towards working with couples and families, as well as adolescent and adult men. I utilize a direct, no-nonsense approach with notable success in treating addictions, family issues, anxiety (generalized, social, panic, etc), depression, trauma, and relationship problems. I am one of the only practitioners in San Luis Obispo County who specializes in working with men and who does family therapy. Please visit my website benrealcsw.com to learn more!
Thank you for exploring my profile. I am accepting new clients. I see clients both in person and virtually. With over 20 years of experience, my training and experience is specialized towards working with couples and families, as well as adolescent and adult men. I utilize a direct, no-nonsense approach with notable success in treating addictions, family issues, anxiety (generalized, social, panic, etc), depression, trauma, and relationship problems. I am one of the only practitioners in San Luis Obispo County who specializes in working with men and who does family therapy. Please visit my website benrealcsw.com to learn more!
(415) 787-3932 View (415) 787-3932
Photo of Jessica Raybon, MA, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Jessica Raybon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
I center my therapeutic practice on providing a welcoming space for all identities, free of judgement, to foster authentic communication. Working from an intersectional, trauma-informed lens, I encourage you to bring forward all the parts of yourself, and we will work to dismantle any shame that may reside to build compassion and acceptance. I hope to work with you to build adaptive coping skills to manage life's stressors and thrive.
I center my therapeutic practice on providing a welcoming space for all identities, free of judgement, to foster authentic communication. Working from an intersectional, trauma-informed lens, I encourage you to bring forward all the parts of yourself, and we will work to dismantle any shame that may reside to build compassion and acceptance. I hope to work with you to build adaptive coping skills to manage life's stressors and thrive.
(805) 600-5957 View (805) 600-5957
Photo of Will Cohn, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Will Cohn
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
During our time together, I will accompany you on your journey towards a more joyful and fulfilling life. As a team, we can untangle the limiting beliefs that keep you trapped in suffering.
During our time together, I will accompany you on your journey towards a more joyful and fulfilling life. As a team, we can untangle the limiting beliefs that keep you trapped in suffering.
(805) 977-6431 View (805) 977-6431
Photo of Tom Buckley, CADCIII, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Tom Buckley
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADCIII
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
Tom Buckley is the Executive Director of Aspire Counseling San Luis Obispo. Aspire SLO provides Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Services for Teens and Adults in an intensive outpatient setting. Do you or a loved one struggle with depression, anxiety, self harm, substances abuse, addiction issues, etc.? If so, call Aspire SLO at 805-329-5595 to speak with a counselor. To schedule an appointment 24/7 call 888-585-7373. Ask about or free weekly family support group!
Tom Buckley is the Executive Director of Aspire Counseling San Luis Obispo. Aspire SLO provides Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Services for Teens and Adults in an intensive outpatient setting. Do you or a loved one struggle with depression, anxiety, self harm, substances abuse, addiction issues, etc.? If so, call Aspire SLO at 805-329-5595 to speak with a counselor. To schedule an appointment 24/7 call 888-585-7373. Ask about or free weekly family support group!
(805) 549-5989 View (805) 549-5989
Photo of Beth Belingheri, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Beth Belingheri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93405  (Online Only)
Life is stressful and it can feel like it’s too much. Sometimes, we feel stuck, overwhelmed, depressed, anxious or we are having life transitions that seem really difficult. Maybe you are in a couplehood that feels tense, argumentative and disconnected. I work in a partnership with my clients both individuals and couples to improve their lives and mental health. What I offer is a non judgmental space where clients can express concerns, set healthy boundaries, increase coping skills and find realistic solutions to stress, anxiety and depression through gentle guidance.
Life is stressful and it can feel like it’s too much. Sometimes, we feel stuck, overwhelmed, depressed, anxious or we are having life transitions that seem really difficult. Maybe you are in a couplehood that feels tense, argumentative and disconnected. I work in a partnership with my clients both individuals and couples to improve their lives and mental health. What I offer is a non judgmental space where clients can express concerns, set healthy boundaries, increase coping skills and find realistic solutions to stress, anxiety and depression through gentle guidance.
(805) 321-1864 View (805) 321-1864
Photo of Danielle Atencio, ASW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Danielle Atencio
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
“Look beside you, and I’ll be there;” this is my credo, both as an individual and as a therapist. Life can be difficult; there are always challenges and struggles and in many instances, it is the connection and support that one person gives another that makes the difference. I use a client-centered, strength-based approach to therapy. We will focus processing through life challenges and build skills to identify your own personal strengths and unique goals for treatment. I will support you through difficult and/or uncomfortable emotions to learn effective coping and interpersonal skills that will help you throughout your life.
“Look beside you, and I’ll be there;” this is my credo, both as an individual and as a therapist. Life can be difficult; there are always challenges and struggles and in many instances, it is the connection and support that one person gives another that makes the difference. I use a client-centered, strength-based approach to therapy. We will focus processing through life challenges and build skills to identify your own personal strengths and unique goals for treatment. I will support you through difficult and/or uncomfortable emotions to learn effective coping and interpersonal skills that will help you throughout your life.
(805) 303-8665 View (805) 303-8665
Photo of Laurel Olvera, PhD, MS, Psychologist
Laurel Olvera
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in California with 23 years of professional work experience. My mission is to deliver life-changing care to teens, adults, families, couples and geriatric individuals who experience a wide array of mental health conditions and current life challenges. Such as: traumatic stress, struggles with feeling scattered and not accomplishing your goals, managing emotions, challenging negative thinking, and reducing stress and anxiety. Today's world can be intense and stressful, and it's taking an unprecedented toll on kids, teens, adults, couples and families.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in California with 23 years of professional work experience. My mission is to deliver life-changing care to teens, adults, families, couples and geriatric individuals who experience a wide array of mental health conditions and current life challenges. Such as: traumatic stress, struggles with feeling scattered and not accomplishing your goals, managing emotions, challenging negative thinking, and reducing stress and anxiety. Today's world can be intense and stressful, and it's taking an unprecedented toll on kids, teens, adults, couples and families.
(805) 500-7803 View (805) 500-7803
Photo of Erin Addams - Family Therapy Solutions, INC., MS, CADC-II, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Family Therapy Solutions, INC.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, CADC-II, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93405
You wouldn't go to a shoddy chain restaurant for quality food so why would you do the same for mental health? Here at FTS, We are thrilled to have the opportunity to support you in finding real results towards growth and fulfillment. At FTS, we are dedicated to providing a safe, confidential, and client centered space for you to explore your challenges and aspirations. We are particularly attuned to the unique needs of communities of first responders, perinatal, and trauma-work, (to name a few) and we know you'll walk out knowing exactly what you got out of therapy!
You wouldn't go to a shoddy chain restaurant for quality food so why would you do the same for mental health? Here at FTS, We are thrilled to have the opportunity to support you in finding real results towards growth and fulfillment. At FTS, we are dedicated to providing a safe, confidential, and client centered space for you to explore your challenges and aspirations. We are particularly attuned to the unique needs of communities of first responders, perinatal, and trauma-work, (to name a few) and we know you'll walk out knowing exactly what you got out of therapy!
(805) 590-9154 View (805) 590-9154
Photo of Breezy Simpson, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Breezy Simpson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
I offer a compassionate approach to help individuals overcome the challenges of depression, heal from trauma, and navigate life transitions. I draw from a variety of therapeutic modalities including EMDR, a highly effective method of therapy proven to help individuals process and heal from trauma and distressing life events.
I offer a compassionate approach to help individuals overcome the challenges of depression, heal from trauma, and navigate life transitions. I draw from a variety of therapeutic modalities including EMDR, a highly effective method of therapy proven to help individuals process and heal from trauma and distressing life events.
(805) 210-8754 View (805) 210-8754
Photo of Sarah Park - Thrive San Luis Obispo, Psychologist
Thrive San Luis Obispo
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
We are a queer woman-owned practice. Each of our therapists is committed to engaging in collaborative person-centered care with a focus on meeting our you where you're at to come alongside and walk this healing journey with you. We chose the name Thrive because that's what we want for you, to not just survive this life but to truly be a Thriving human. Additionally, many of our providers identify as members of the LGBTQ+ community and we are committed to serving those within our community.
We are a queer woman-owned practice. Each of our therapists is committed to engaging in collaborative person-centered care with a focus on meeting our you where you're at to come alongside and walk this healing journey with you. We chose the name Thrive because that's what we want for you, to not just survive this life but to truly be a Thriving human. Additionally, many of our providers identify as members of the LGBTQ+ community and we are committed to serving those within our community.
(805) 387-9945 View (805) 387-9945
Photo of Pamela Marie Sutliff, ACSW
Pamela Marie Sutliff
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
Have you ever thought about your life as it relates to the happiness you experience rather than the problems that plague you? Let me help you sort those issues out, whether they involve moving past trauma or substance abuse or just developing a more balanced life, letting go of people pleasing behavior or learning to set boundaries. I bring life experience along with education and 5 years treating those with severe and persistent mental illness. I would like to help you open your heart to healing and begin to experience some peace and happiness in your life.
Have you ever thought about your life as it relates to the happiness you experience rather than the problems that plague you? Let me help you sort those issues out, whether they involve moving past trauma or substance abuse or just developing a more balanced life, letting go of people pleasing behavior or learning to set boundaries. I bring life experience along with education and 5 years treating those with severe and persistent mental illness. I would like to help you open your heart to healing and begin to experience some peace and happiness in your life.
(805) 973-0438 View (805) 973-0438
Photo of Ann Edwards, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ann Edwards
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93405
Ann is a therapist for San Diego based mental healthcare provider Fusion Care Group. Fusion Care Group is changing the way people think about and receive mental health service and support. We offer a welcoming and accepting environment where you can feel calm and comfortable while in our care. Our relaxed, modern atmosphere and our amazing, highly trained Psychologists, Psychiatrists and therapists are here for you. Our hope is to provide a place to help our clients achieve their life goals, explore life-circumstances, move through difficult life transitions.
Ann is a therapist for San Diego based mental healthcare provider Fusion Care Group. Fusion Care Group is changing the way people think about and receive mental health service and support. We offer a welcoming and accepting environment where you can feel calm and comfortable while in our care. Our relaxed, modern atmosphere and our amazing, highly trained Psychologists, Psychiatrists and therapists are here for you. Our hope is to provide a place to help our clients achieve their life goals, explore life-circumstances, move through difficult life transitions.
(805) 465-6403 View (805) 465-6403
Photo of Kelly Wakeland, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly Wakeland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401  (Online Only)
Hello! I specialize in serving clients experiencing disordered eating/eating disorders, anxiety, depression, life transitions struggles, and stress looking to make peace with food, their bodies, and themselves. I provide a warm and relatable environment so clients feel safe to explore and process the intricacies of their experiences. While therapy can touch on difficult topics, I make sure we are also acknowledging and celebrating the joy in your life! I utilize a client-centered approach that honors your inherent wisdom as the expert in your life as the mechanism that will lead to lasting change. I'm licensed in CT, VA, and CA.
Hello! I specialize in serving clients experiencing disordered eating/eating disorders, anxiety, depression, life transitions struggles, and stress looking to make peace with food, their bodies, and themselves. I provide a warm and relatable environment so clients feel safe to explore and process the intricacies of their experiences. While therapy can touch on difficult topics, I make sure we are also acknowledging and celebrating the joy in your life! I utilize a client-centered approach that honors your inherent wisdom as the expert in your life as the mechanism that will lead to lasting change. I'm licensed in CT, VA, and CA.
(571) 601-4283 View (571) 601-4283
Photo of Erin Lindvall, PhD, LMFT, FAPA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Erin Lindvall
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, FAPA
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
I love my work as a psychotherapist, and consider it an honor and privilege to work with my clients and share in their quest for personal growth. I know that the decision to start therapy is often a difficult one. I applaud your willingness and initiative. My approach aims to engage, to inspire, and to help you imagine new possibilities. My goal is to assist you in developing tools and skills that enable you to more effectively deal with life and its challenges.
I love my work as a psychotherapist, and consider it an honor and privilege to work with my clients and share in their quest for personal growth. I know that the decision to start therapy is often a difficult one. I applaud your willingness and initiative. My approach aims to engage, to inspire, and to help you imagine new possibilities. My goal is to assist you in developing tools and skills that enable you to more effectively deal with life and its challenges.
(805) 876-9601 View (805) 876-9601
Photo of Ryan Morris Hampton, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ryan Morris Hampton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401  (Online Only)
Since 2013, I have supported individuals working through addiction, trauma, homelessness, family conflict, domestic violence, personality disorders, and a wide variety of mental health challenges. I enjoy working with people of every demographic and identity expression, and I am especially passionate about working with teens and young adults, African American and multiracial individuals and families, as well as the neurodivergent community. I assist my clients in creating the life story they want to live, by building self-understanding, practicing self-acceptance, and developing their unique personal strengths.
Since 2013, I have supported individuals working through addiction, trauma, homelessness, family conflict, domestic violence, personality disorders, and a wide variety of mental health challenges. I enjoy working with people of every demographic and identity expression, and I am especially passionate about working with teens and young adults, African American and multiracial individuals and families, as well as the neurodivergent community. I assist my clients in creating the life story they want to live, by building self-understanding, practicing self-acceptance, and developing their unique personal strengths.
(805) 941-3537 View (805) 941-3537
Photo of Eliza Kimmel, APCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Eliza Kimmel
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
Are you feeling overwhelmed, isolated, hopeless or down? Now more than ever, people are questioning and exploring how they view themselves, others and the world. Therapy can help explore these difficult issues helping you find new solutions and perspective. Eliza provides a calm, nurturing and safe environment while challenging you to reach your greatest potential. She genuinely listens and gives each person individualized therapy tailored to their specific needs and experiences. Eliza uses collaborative therapeutic techniques to develop a more fulfilling thriving life experience.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, isolated, hopeless or down? Now more than ever, people are questioning and exploring how they view themselves, others and the world. Therapy can help explore these difficult issues helping you find new solutions and perspective. Eliza provides a calm, nurturing and safe environment while challenging you to reach your greatest potential. She genuinely listens and gives each person individualized therapy tailored to their specific needs and experiences. Eliza uses collaborative therapeutic techniques to develop a more fulfilling thriving life experience.
(805) 977-5798 View (805) 977-5798
Photo of Mary M Kunz, MS, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mary M Kunz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93406  (Online Only)
All emotions have a job - to bring something to our attention, to give us information about our world, sometimes to give us the physical energy to take action. I see my role as a therapist would be to help you better understand yourself, and when it fits to teach you tools and skills so that you can be effective in your life. I can be a guide and an ally through many challenges - these include depression and anxiety, eating disorders, trauma, caregiving, life-threatening illnesses, grief and loss. Whatever emotion or situation led you to seek help, you can use it to heal your life.
All emotions have a job - to bring something to our attention, to give us information about our world, sometimes to give us the physical energy to take action. I see my role as a therapist would be to help you better understand yourself, and when it fits to teach you tools and skills so that you can be effective in your life. I can be a guide and an ally through many challenges - these include depression and anxiety, eating disorders, trauma, caregiving, life-threatening illnesses, grief and loss. Whatever emotion or situation led you to seek help, you can use it to heal your life.
(805) 410-8703 View (805) 410-8703
Photo of Berthena Parrish, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Berthena Parrish
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401  (Online Only)
For over 30 years I have had the honor of working with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. My goal is to offer genuine compassion and understanding. Together we will look and what is not working for you right now and what change you hope for. Together we explore your needs and collaboratively come up with a plan for your therapy. I will support you in setting personal goals, developing healthy coping skills and learning effective communication.
For over 30 years I have had the honor of working with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. My goal is to offer genuine compassion and understanding. Together we will look and what is not working for you right now and what change you hope for. Together we explore your needs and collaboratively come up with a plan for your therapy. I will support you in setting personal goals, developing healthy coping skills and learning effective communication.
(805) 244-5843 View (805) 244-5843
Photo of Paul Carbajal, PsyD, Psychologist
Paul Carbajal
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
Waitlist for new clients
Connection is at the core of who we are, what we’re passionate about, and the most meaningful relationships we have. And yet so many things can interfere with our ability to connect: anxiety, depression, grief, traumatic experiences...how we cope with these things may inhibit our ability to build intimacy with those around us. I work with students and young adults, as well as those in mid-life and beyond, who experience anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, that interfere with living fully you, fully now.
Connection is at the core of who we are, what we’re passionate about, and the most meaningful relationships we have. And yet so many things can interfere with our ability to connect: anxiety, depression, grief, traumatic experiences...how we cope with these things may inhibit our ability to build intimacy with those around us. I work with students and young adults, as well as those in mid-life and beyond, who experience anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, that interfere with living fully you, fully now.
(805) 536-3150 View (805) 536-3150
Photo of Ian Alexander Kizanis, MA, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ian Alexander Kizanis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
My approach to therapy aims at providing relational safety and an open environment, where we can explore and discover inner authenticity and acceptance. Much of the distress we experience as humans has deep emotional roots, and through compassion and the cultivation of relationship comes healing and regaining of one’s peace and autonomy.
My approach to therapy aims at providing relational safety and an open environment, where we can explore and discover inner authenticity and acceptance. Much of the distress we experience as humans has deep emotional roots, and through compassion and the cultivation of relationship comes healing and regaining of one’s peace and autonomy.
(805) 600-8747 View (805) 600-8747
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Luis Obispo, CA

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in San Luis Obispo, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

49% Aetna
39% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
37% Other

How Therapists in San Luis Obispo, CA see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
16% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Luis Obispo?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.