Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Sarah Bohannon, DSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Bohannon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi, thank you for visiting my page. If you're looking for solutions for anxiety, depression, anger management, irritability, interpersonal problems, and emotional regulation - you're in the right place. Clients deserve treatment that they can trust will be effective, accessible and goal-oriented. I am committed to providing therapeutic solutions that are anchored in research and deemed most effective for improving your quality of life. Together, we will figure out your goals and we will work actively to accomplish them. I will guide, coach and support you as you learn and practice the skills that can help you find peace.
Hi, thank you for visiting my page. If you're looking for solutions for anxiety, depression, anger management, irritability, interpersonal problems, and emotional regulation - you're in the right place. Clients deserve treatment that they can trust will be effective, accessible and goal-oriented. I am committed to providing therapeutic solutions that are anchored in research and deemed most effective for improving your quality of life. Together, we will figure out your goals and we will work actively to accomplish them. I will guide, coach and support you as you learn and practice the skills that can help you find peace.
(215) 918-7790 View (215) 918-7790
Photo of Anne Lukins, LSW, MSS, MFA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anne Lukins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSS, MFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing overwhelming emotion, relationship challenges, or difficulty parenting? I work with parents, coparents, partners, and individuals 13 or older. As a clinician at Daisy + Co. Therapy, an all-queer and gender-affirming private practice, I am here to offer unwavering hope and compassion. I use a trauma informed approach, and I offer full program DBT, as well as Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy.
Are you experiencing overwhelming emotion, relationship challenges, or difficulty parenting? I work with parents, coparents, partners, and individuals 13 or older. As a clinician at Daisy + Co. Therapy, an all-queer and gender-affirming private practice, I am here to offer unwavering hope and compassion. I use a trauma informed approach, and I offer full program DBT, as well as Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy.
(484) 372-4422 View (484) 372-4422
Photo of Alisa Stamps, MSS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alisa Stamps
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
You look in the mirror and see the "bad" traits. That you're not thin enough, not righteous enough, not "good" enough. You realize that these traits were projected there by someone else--a partner, or maybe even a parent. You want to recover from perhaps a lifetime of emotional pain and narcissistic abuse but you don't know where to begin...I specialize in treating adult children of narcissists, cult abuse/religious trauma survivors, and those struggling with disordered eating and body image issues. I can support you in developing your inner strengths so that when you look in the mirror it will be your true self staring back at you.
You look in the mirror and see the "bad" traits. That you're not thin enough, not righteous enough, not "good" enough. You realize that these traits were projected there by someone else--a partner, or maybe even a parent. You want to recover from perhaps a lifetime of emotional pain and narcissistic abuse but you don't know where to begin...I specialize in treating adult children of narcissists, cult abuse/religious trauma survivors, and those struggling with disordered eating and body image issues. I can support you in developing your inner strengths so that when you look in the mirror it will be your true self staring back at you.
(267) 642-5396 View (267) 642-5396
Photo of Justin Vafa William, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Justin Vafa William
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Taking this first step of searching through profiles on Psychology Today demonstrates a certain level of commitment to improve the quality of your mental health. And it can also be quite overwhelming sifting through all the options (hello decision fatigue). Collectively we're all dealing with so much right now as human beings on this planet, and it is critically important for us to attend to our mental health needs. Whether navigating stressors of day-to-day life, or experiencing a more acute crisis, therapy can be an excellent source of support, healing and empowerment.
Taking this first step of searching through profiles on Psychology Today demonstrates a certain level of commitment to improve the quality of your mental health. And it can also be quite overwhelming sifting through all the options (hello decision fatigue). Collectively we're all dealing with so much right now as human beings on this planet, and it is critically important for us to attend to our mental health needs. Whether navigating stressors of day-to-day life, or experiencing a more acute crisis, therapy can be an excellent source of support, healing and empowerment.
(215) 987-4758 View (215) 987-4758
Photo of Miranda Wang, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Miranda Wang
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I help young adults with difficult life transitions, identity development, anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, family discords, as well as stress related to race, gender and sexuality. I aim to support you in self discovery and guide you in navigating life challenges. I strive to create and provide a space that is compassionate, supportive and collaborative. As an immigrant growing up with multiple cultures and languages myself, I value working with clients from a diverse background and cultural identities.
I help young adults with difficult life transitions, identity development, anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, family discords, as well as stress related to race, gender and sexuality. I aim to support you in self discovery and guide you in navigating life challenges. I strive to create and provide a space that is compassionate, supportive and collaborative. As an immigrant growing up with multiple cultures and languages myself, I value working with clients from a diverse background and cultural identities.
(484) 992-9710 View (484) 992-9710
Photo of Shanna Savage, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shanna Savage
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
I offer telehealth sessions through a secure portal for clients who are distancing or quarantined. Have you been struggling with feeling sad, having enough energy to get through your day, or been overwhelmed with worry? I believe that each individual possesses strength and resilience, and sometimes it takes work to for one to recognize the unique qualities and character they have. I want to help you in your journey to discovering your strengths and help you through moments that have challenged you in the past and present, to create a better future.
I offer telehealth sessions through a secure portal for clients who are distancing or quarantined. Have you been struggling with feeling sad, having enough energy to get through your day, or been overwhelmed with worry? I believe that each individual possesses strength and resilience, and sometimes it takes work to for one to recognize the unique qualities and character they have. I want to help you in your journey to discovering your strengths and help you through moments that have challenged you in the past and present, to create a better future.
(717) 546-8381 View (717) 546-8381
Photo of Elana F Stanger - Elana F. Stanger & Positive Growth Psychotherapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elana F. Stanger & Positive Growth Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
The foundation of therapy is the relationship or bond we form between us. As your therapist, I aim to help you feel safe and secure. I aspire to help you feel warmly held within a therapeutic, flexible and trustworthy container of positivity, joy and hope. I offer compassionate, non-judgmental and caring listening to assist you to gain clarity as you express your needs and concerns, hopes and fears, losses and successes, dreams and ideas. I want you to feel and know my utmost respect and honor as we discuss your life’s most meaningful details and challenges. I will gently guide you and walk with you as you learn new skills for life.
The foundation of therapy is the relationship or bond we form between us. As your therapist, I aim to help you feel safe and secure. I aspire to help you feel warmly held within a therapeutic, flexible and trustworthy container of positivity, joy and hope. I offer compassionate, non-judgmental and caring listening to assist you to gain clarity as you express your needs and concerns, hopes and fears, losses and successes, dreams and ideas. I want you to feel and know my utmost respect and honor as we discuss your life’s most meaningful details and challenges. I will gently guide you and walk with you as you learn new skills for life.
(914) 863-6948 View (914) 863-6948
Photo of Hannah C McLane, MD, MA, MPH
Hannah C McLane
MD, MA, MPH
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19139
Not accepting new clients
I work with a diverse range of psychotherapy and coaching clients, including people with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, insomnia, PTSD, school/workplace stress and trauma, and executive function difficulties. As a medical doctor with a background in neurology, occupational medicine, and psychoanalysis, I focus on how psychological difficulties can impact a person's daily life and functioning. I also have a master's degree in speech pathology and thus can work with adults and children in therapy who identify as having ADHD, autism, and learning disabilities. I also provide career coaching for medical professionals.
I work with a diverse range of psychotherapy and coaching clients, including people with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, insomnia, PTSD, school/workplace stress and trauma, and executive function difficulties. As a medical doctor with a background in neurology, occupational medicine, and psychoanalysis, I focus on how psychological difficulties can impact a person's daily life and functioning. I also have a master's degree in speech pathology and thus can work with adults and children in therapy who identify as having ADHD, autism, and learning disabilities. I also provide career coaching for medical professionals.
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Photo of Danielle Allen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Licensed Clinical Social worker licensed in both Pennsylvania and Maine. I graduated from Marywood University and have been providing therapy for over 18 years for a variety of mental health issues and life struggles. I enjoy working with clients to help empower them to take back control over their struggles and to be able to live the life that they deserve and desire!
Hello! I am Licensed Clinical Social worker licensed in both Pennsylvania and Maine. I graduated from Marywood University and have been providing therapy for over 18 years for a variety of mental health issues and life struggles. I enjoy working with clients to help empower them to take back control over their struggles and to be able to live the life that they deserve and desire!
(484) 233-6315 View (484) 233-6315
Photo of Hannah Guy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Guy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Have you tried therapy before and it feels like it just doesn't work for you? Or do you find yourself feeling stuck in therapy because you're not really seeing any change in your life? You've hit your breaking point and are at a loss of knowing what to do. You've tried so hard and it feels as though nothing you do will change how you're feeling. I'm here to tell you this...there isn't anything wrong with you! Whether you're dealing with a traumatic event, body image issues, and/or depression, you deserve to feel better!
Have you tried therapy before and it feels like it just doesn't work for you? Or do you find yourself feeling stuck in therapy because you're not really seeing any change in your life? You've hit your breaking point and are at a loss of knowing what to do. You've tried so hard and it feels as though nothing you do will change how you're feeling. I'm here to tell you this...there isn't anything wrong with you! Whether you're dealing with a traumatic event, body image issues, and/or depression, you deserve to feel better!
(267) 609-9547 View (267) 609-9547
Photo of Ron Lamb, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ron Lamb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
I work with people of all ages to help them discover and become their best selves. I specialize in working with people dealing with anxiety, depression, family, health, school, and work issues. I have experience in working with clients struggling with addiction and in recovery. I will collaborate with you to understand and find effective ways to cope with the life challenges that all of us have. I  strive to see the strengths and inner potential that I believe all of my clients have. I look forward to meeting with you to begin this journey!
I work with people of all ages to help them discover and become their best selves. I specialize in working with people dealing with anxiety, depression, family, health, school, and work issues. I have experience in working with clients struggling with addiction and in recovery. I will collaborate with you to understand and find effective ways to cope with the life challenges that all of us have. I  strive to see the strengths and inner potential that I believe all of my clients have. I look forward to meeting with you to begin this journey!
(267) 651-7228 View (267) 651-7228
Photo of Alissa Hochman, PhD, Psychologist
Alissa Hochman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Whether you are seeking therapy for the first time or have years of experience, reaching out to a new provider takes courage. In these difficult times, I aim to be responsive to people who contact to me, knowing you may have been searching for a provider for some time. I strive to make therapy a space where people feel seen, affirmed, and accepted for all aspects of their personhood. Through that foundation, we can work together to understand aspects of your life that are causing suffering, their origins, and the unique strengths that you hold that will help you move towards wellbeing.
Whether you are seeking therapy for the first time or have years of experience, reaching out to a new provider takes courage. In these difficult times, I aim to be responsive to people who contact to me, knowing you may have been searching for a provider for some time. I strive to make therapy a space where people feel seen, affirmed, and accepted for all aspects of their personhood. Through that foundation, we can work together to understand aspects of your life that are causing suffering, their origins, and the unique strengths that you hold that will help you move towards wellbeing.
(215) 509-5009 View (215) 509-5009
Photo of Jasmin Moyer, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jasmin Moyer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19122  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck in a painful cycle? Maybe you've recently transitioned into motherhood-whether for the first or fourth time-and are struggling to adjust, feeling on top of the world some days and trapped in overwhelm on others. Perhaps you're a student who needs support navigating the pressures of academia, finding it challenging to manage expectations. Whether you need support managing your emotions, navigating relentless worry, or re-writing a trauma narrative from your past, I am here to help.  I'm glad that you're here!
Feeling stuck in a painful cycle? Maybe you've recently transitioned into motherhood-whether for the first or fourth time-and are struggling to adjust, feeling on top of the world some days and trapped in overwhelm on others. Perhaps you're a student who needs support navigating the pressures of academia, finding it challenging to manage expectations. Whether you need support managing your emotions, navigating relentless worry, or re-writing a trauma narrative from your past, I am here to help.  I'm glad that you're here!
(267) 609-8436 View (267) 609-8436
Photo of Amy M Tarr, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy M Tarr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119
I believe that each individual has a natural ability to heal and that therapy can be a useful tool in this journey. I am honored to have the opportunity to support individuals in discovering their own strength and capacity to challenge habits that are no longer working. My approach is collaborative, and I endeavor to offer compassion, respect, and non-judgmental support within the therapeutic relationship.
I believe that each individual has a natural ability to heal and that therapy can be a useful tool in this journey. I am honored to have the opportunity to support individuals in discovering their own strength and capacity to challenge habits that are no longer working. My approach is collaborative, and I endeavor to offer compassion, respect, and non-judgmental support within the therapeutic relationship.
(267) 452-2249 View (267) 452-2249
Photo of Ruhmon Johnson - Xodus Mental Wellness Consulting, LLC, MS, LPCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Xodus Mental Wellness Consulting, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19114  (Online Only)
I have worked with groups and individuals since 2006 with a focus on helping clients decrease unwanted mental health symptoms as well as helping them reach their full potential. I utilize an integrative evidence-based approach to include Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT) to help clients gain self-awareness and challenge negative thinking. I focus on treating the whole person including the mind, body, and spirit. I utilize Mindfulness Techniques, Movement/Dance Instructing, and Spiritual Meditation alongside traditional therapy to treat each person’s needs holistically. Payment portal: www.xodusmwc.wixsite.com/payments.
I have worked with groups and individuals since 2006 with a focus on helping clients decrease unwanted mental health symptoms as well as helping them reach their full potential. I utilize an integrative evidence-based approach to include Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT) to help clients gain self-awareness and challenge negative thinking. I focus on treating the whole person including the mind, body, and spirit. I utilize Mindfulness Techniques, Movement/Dance Instructing, and Spiritual Meditation alongside traditional therapy to treat each person’s needs holistically. Payment portal: www.xodusmwc.wixsite.com/payments.
(856) 326-2508 View (856) 326-2508
Photo of Katya Fish, LPC Intern
Katya Fish
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Confusion, uncertainties, and loss can disrupt our sense of reality, self, and relationships with others. My goal as a counselor is to create a safe space where I can guide you toward a better understanding of yourself as a whole and teach you coping skills to efficiently deal with life's obstacles. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, loss of identity, low self-esteem, relationship challenges, or negative relationships with food and the body, my commitment is to offer guidance and support.
Confusion, uncertainties, and loss can disrupt our sense of reality, self, and relationships with others. My goal as a counselor is to create a safe space where I can guide you toward a better understanding of yourself as a whole and teach you coping skills to efficiently deal with life's obstacles. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, loss of identity, low self-esteem, relationship challenges, or negative relationships with food and the body, my commitment is to offer guidance and support.
(267) 459-3315 View (267) 459-3315
Photo of Jordyn Occhipinti, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jordyn Occhipinti
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
After trauma, we reach for whatever coping skill is closest in order to survive. We may turn to substances, self-harm, intellectualizing, perfectionism, etc. This helps us soothe, distract, and numb from feelings of shame, guilt, anger and fear. Still, our unprocessed emotions can overwhelm–morphing into anxiety, depression, rage, dissociation, or hyper-vigilance. However, this only represents a part of us and our experiences. We contain creativity, empathy, resilience, & intuition. Through our strengths, we increase our tolerance, release survival skills that no longer serve us, and return to our most liberated and aligned self.
After trauma, we reach for whatever coping skill is closest in order to survive. We may turn to substances, self-harm, intellectualizing, perfectionism, etc. This helps us soothe, distract, and numb from feelings of shame, guilt, anger and fear. Still, our unprocessed emotions can overwhelm–morphing into anxiety, depression, rage, dissociation, or hyper-vigilance. However, this only represents a part of us and our experiences. We contain creativity, empathy, resilience, & intuition. Through our strengths, we increase our tolerance, release survival skills that no longer serve us, and return to our most liberated and aligned self.
(267) 458-5049 View (267) 458-5049
Photo of Daniel Mack Specializing In Men And People Of Color, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Daniel Mack Specializing In Men And People Of Color
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Are you tired of showing up in spaces only to be "othered" or have assumptions be made about you because of how you look? I get it because I've been there and this is something I still experience to this day. Whether you are Black, POC, or LGBTQIA+, there is space for you in this world and I am here to remind you that you can take up space. As a queer black man, therapy was never advertised to me or those who looked like me. I had to tackle the intersections of my identity on my own and it was lonely.
Are you tired of showing up in spaces only to be "othered" or have assumptions be made about you because of how you look? I get it because I've been there and this is something I still experience to this day. Whether you are Black, POC, or LGBTQIA+, there is space for you in this world and I am here to remind you that you can take up space. As a queer black man, therapy was never advertised to me or those who looked like me. I had to tackle the intersections of my identity on my own and it was lonely.
(215) 717-8908 View (215) 717-8908
Photo of Joseph Gary Williams, MSW, MEd, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joseph Gary Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19131
I am a highly qualified psychotherapist-counselor and licensed clinical social worker. I have extensive experience in mental health and have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of the human mind. I am committed to helping people navigate complex emotional and psychological issues. If you’re struggling with any kind of mental health issue, I am here to help you.
I am a highly qualified psychotherapist-counselor and licensed clinical social worker. I have extensive experience in mental health and have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of the human mind. I am committed to helping people navigate complex emotional and psychological issues. If you’re struggling with any kind of mental health issue, I am here to help you.
(484) 559-7349 View (484) 559-7349
Photo of Geoffrey Steinberg, PsyD, Psychologist
Geoffrey Steinberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19109
We are living through a collective trauma. This rapidly shifting sociopolitical environment raises existential concerns, challenges security, and calls priorities into question.
We are living through a collective trauma. This rapidly shifting sociopolitical environment raises existential concerns, challenges security, and calls priorities into question.
(215) 410-7024 View (215) 410-7024
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$146

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.