Therapists in Brookline, MA

Photo of Kim Sharon Luzzi, MA, DC, LMHC, Counselor
Kim Sharon Luzzi
Counselor, MA, DC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I enjoy working with adults, couples, and blended families with a wide range of challenges including: identity, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, relational dynamics, limit-setting, loss, parenting, and transitions. I strive to provide a warm, safe, collaborative space to help clients explore their feelings and understand the origins of their challenges. As this occurs, new options become available for living a more engaged and satisfying life.
I enjoy working with adults, couples, and blended families with a wide range of challenges including: identity, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, relational dynamics, limit-setting, loss, parenting, and transitions. I strive to provide a warm, safe, collaborative space to help clients explore their feelings and understand the origins of their challenges. As this occurs, new options become available for living a more engaged and satisfying life.
(617) 616-8976 View (617) 616-8976
Photo of Jillian B. Frank - Jillian B. Frank, Ph.D., PhD, Psychologist
Jillian B. Frank, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
I am now providing therapy via telehealth only. As a licensed clinical psychologist with over 25 years experience working with individuals/couples, I often see patients who struggle with unsatisfying family and personal relationships, health problems (e.g. infertility, cancer, chronic pain), grief and loss, and trouble with work and career. Change involves both insight and actual changes in one's behavior. My goal is to create a place where we can work safely to explore the origins of problems and rapidly create positive change in one's life. My approach is warm, supportive, and actively focused on bringing about lasting change.
I am now providing therapy via telehealth only. As a licensed clinical psychologist with over 25 years experience working with individuals/couples, I often see patients who struggle with unsatisfying family and personal relationships, health problems (e.g. infertility, cancer, chronic pain), grief and loss, and trouble with work and career. Change involves both insight and actual changes in one's behavior. My goal is to create a place where we can work safely to explore the origins of problems and rapidly create positive change in one's life. My approach is warm, supportive, and actively focused on bringing about lasting change.
(617) 870-0390 View (617) 870-0390
Photo of Jennifer Irvin, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Irvin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I am currently accepting new teletherapy patients. People come to therapy to gain control over their lives, feel better and lead a fuller life. Whether you are struggling with issues big or small, we will work together to create a safe space where your old patterns and painful feelings can be explored. I practice therapy that emphasizes the importance of a unique therapist/patient relationship built upon a secure and empathic connection. I believe this is our best chance to understand our life experiences and ourselves more deeply and bring about enduring change.
I am currently accepting new teletherapy patients. People come to therapy to gain control over their lives, feel better and lead a fuller life. Whether you are struggling with issues big or small, we will work together to create a safe space where your old patterns and painful feelings can be explored. I practice therapy that emphasizes the importance of a unique therapist/patient relationship built upon a secure and empathic connection. I believe this is our best chance to understand our life experiences and ourselves more deeply and bring about enduring change.
(617) 936-8997 View (617) 936-8997
Photo of Amy Goldman, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Goldman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
When starting therapy, it is crucial to choose a therapist with whom you feel comfortable. I strive to help you feel cared for and supported as you navigate challenging issues and aim to lead a more fulfilling life. My approach is relational, interactive and warm. My priority is to create an environment in which you feel understood, empowered and able to grow. We will work as a team to help you achieve your goals. My style of therapy is eclectic and drawn from more than 40 years of clinical practice at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and many years teaching at Harvard Medical School.
When starting therapy, it is crucial to choose a therapist with whom you feel comfortable. I strive to help you feel cared for and supported as you navigate challenging issues and aim to lead a more fulfilling life. My approach is relational, interactive and warm. My priority is to create an environment in which you feel understood, empowered and able to grow. We will work as a team to help you achieve your goals. My style of therapy is eclectic and drawn from more than 40 years of clinical practice at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and many years teaching at Harvard Medical School.
(617) 766-3704 View (617) 766-3704
Photo of Rebecca J Rabin, PsyD, Psychologist
Rebecca J Rabin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Life can be difficult. There are times when we feel overwhelmed, isolated, sad, and unsure. My focus is on helping you to feel grounded, emotionally whole, connected to others, and to build confidence in order to discover a pathway forward and live more authentically. I am skilled in tailoring treatment plans to meet your unique needs and goals, fostering a collaborative and supportive therapeutic environment. I am skilled in tailoring treatment plans to meet your unique needs and goals, fostering a collaborative and supportive therapeutic environment.
Life can be difficult. There are times when we feel overwhelmed, isolated, sad, and unsure. My focus is on helping you to feel grounded, emotionally whole, connected to others, and to build confidence in order to discover a pathway forward and live more authentically. I am skilled in tailoring treatment plans to meet your unique needs and goals, fostering a collaborative and supportive therapeutic environment. I am skilled in tailoring treatment plans to meet your unique needs and goals, fostering a collaborative and supportive therapeutic environment.
(857) 855-6207 View (857) 855-6207
Photo of Youngsuk Kim, PhD, Psychologist
Youngsuk Kim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Independent of my job at MGH/Harvard Medical School as a clinical psychologist, I see clients in my private practice (Psychological Care and Consultancy, PLLC). I provide video telehealth only. I have extensive experience treating late teens and adults suffering from anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, trauma, grief and loss, adjustment difficulties, low self-esteem, stresses associated with relationship and family conflicts, and educational and occupational concerns. I also have experience working with health professionals, high-functioning autism, mild TBI and cognitive problems. I am licensed in MA and RI.
Independent of my job at MGH/Harvard Medical School as a clinical psychologist, I see clients in my private practice (Psychological Care and Consultancy, PLLC). I provide video telehealth only. I have extensive experience treating late teens and adults suffering from anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, trauma, grief and loss, adjustment difficulties, low self-esteem, stresses associated with relationship and family conflicts, and educational and occupational concerns. I also have experience working with health professionals, high-functioning autism, mild TBI and cognitive problems. I am licensed in MA and RI.
(857) 380-0222 View (857) 380-0222
Photo of Julie Gold, PhD, LLC, Psychologist
Julie Gold
Psychologist, PhD, LLC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Is your child, adolescent, or young adult struggling to learn, make friends, or stay focused? Has s/he lost interest in activities or become irritable and sad? Are you worried about how s/he is sleeping, engaging with family, or eating? Are you concerned s/he might have a disability, special learning style, mental health or social emotional challenge? Are you wondering if s/he needs an IEP, 504, ICAP, or therapy? If so, I can help determine what your child needs? I provide comprehensive evaluations that answer these questions and more. There is a solution and I can assist you in the journey to learning how to empower your family!
Is your child, adolescent, or young adult struggling to learn, make friends, or stay focused? Has s/he lost interest in activities or become irritable and sad? Are you worried about how s/he is sleeping, engaging with family, or eating? Are you concerned s/he might have a disability, special learning style, mental health or social emotional challenge? Are you wondering if s/he needs an IEP, 504, ICAP, or therapy? If so, I can help determine what your child needs? I provide comprehensive evaluations that answer these questions and more. There is a solution and I can assist you in the journey to learning how to empower your family!
(857) 763-1688 View (857) 763-1688
Photo of Sarah Kupper, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Kupper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Not accepting new clients
I believe that everyone has the capacity to change, grow and heal. Making the choice to prioritize your mental health is a brave and often necessary step towards feeling better and living an authentic, fulfilling life. As a therapist, I'm passionate about helping clients understand and accept themselves, while supporting them in making positive changes in their lives.
I believe that everyone has the capacity to change, grow and heal. Making the choice to prioritize your mental health is a brave and often necessary step towards feeling better and living an authentic, fulfilling life. As a therapist, I'm passionate about helping clients understand and accept themselves, while supporting them in making positive changes in their lives.
(617) 648-9432 View (617) 648-9432
Photo of Jonathan Jenkins, PsyD, Psychologist
Jonathan Jenkins
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Let's think about our thinking. Curiosity and bravery are important aspects of any learning experience and these traits are equally important in psychotherapy. As a psychologist, I encourage my clients to be both brave and curious as we respectfully examine and process poignant thoughts, feelings, and emotions. Through this thoughtful process, the client is able to grow and gain self-confidence and improved internal emotional regulation. My goal or agenda for psychotherapy is not mine but yours, and I look forward to collaborating with you and bearing witness to your growth.
Let's think about our thinking. Curiosity and bravery are important aspects of any learning experience and these traits are equally important in psychotherapy. As a psychologist, I encourage my clients to be both brave and curious as we respectfully examine and process poignant thoughts, feelings, and emotions. Through this thoughtful process, the client is able to grow and gain self-confidence and improved internal emotional regulation. My goal or agenda for psychotherapy is not mine but yours, and I look forward to collaborating with you and bearing witness to your growth.
(617) 431-4084 View (617) 431-4084
Photo of Luis Sandoval, PhD, Psychologist
Luis Sandoval
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
As a clinician with 20+ years of experience, I specialize in depression, anxiety & cognitive remediation. I aim to help clients understand, cope, and improve their mental health & cognitive functioning through a relationship based on trust, and emotional and cognitive flexibility. My treatment methods combine humanistic and psychodynamic approaches with state-of-the-art technology, and will highly benefit individuals with neurocognitive problems due to medical and psychiatric conditions, neurodevelopmental disorders, and learning disabilities. As a bilingual and multicultural clinician, I can provide services in English and Spanish.
As a clinician with 20+ years of experience, I specialize in depression, anxiety & cognitive remediation. I aim to help clients understand, cope, and improve their mental health & cognitive functioning through a relationship based on trust, and emotional and cognitive flexibility. My treatment methods combine humanistic and psychodynamic approaches with state-of-the-art technology, and will highly benefit individuals with neurocognitive problems due to medical and psychiatric conditions, neurodevelopmental disorders, and learning disabilities. As a bilingual and multicultural clinician, I can provide services in English and Spanish.
(857) 365-6932 View (857) 365-6932
Photo of Robert Riethmiller, PhD, Psychologist
Robert Riethmiller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
The human mind is amazing. At every moment, we are experiencing a complicated mix of emotions, thoughts, sensations, and memories. We notice some of these, but most we do not. Emotions, in particular, are often perceived only vaguely, or they can seem mysterious, foreign, or out of our control. Contemporary neuropsychologists have found that the decisions that we make are much more influenced by emotions, some of which are out of our awareness, than they are by our rational thoughts.
The human mind is amazing. At every moment, we are experiencing a complicated mix of emotions, thoughts, sensations, and memories. We notice some of these, but most we do not. Emotions, in particular, are often perceived only vaguely, or they can seem mysterious, foreign, or out of our control. Contemporary neuropsychologists have found that the decisions that we make are much more influenced by emotions, some of which are out of our awareness, than they are by our rational thoughts.
(617) 446-3184 View (617) 446-3184
Photo of Einhae Helen Jung, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Einhae Helen Jung
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Talk, still the Best Medicine. I'm here for whom is looking for individualized, affordable psychotherapy for self understanding. I would be pleased to see you via phone or Zoom until offices are open again. To schedule an initial meeting, please contact me via email.
Talk, still the Best Medicine. I'm here for whom is looking for individualized, affordable psychotherapy for self understanding. I would be pleased to see you via phone or Zoom until offices are open again. To schedule an initial meeting, please contact me via email.
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Photo of Jean-Paul Des Pres, PhD, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jean-Paul Des Pres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Hi, and welcome. For many people, the decision to get help can be a difficult one. I see your visit to my profile as a sign of strength and a refusal to give up. Loneliness, the inability to enjoy life, excessive worry or fear, anxiety in social situations, unhappiness or problems in personal, professional or marital relationships, not knowing what to do personally or professionally, even substance "abuse" and PTSD are issues that are interpersonal, not biological. They can be overcome within a genuinely understanding, compassionate, active, and patient therapeutic relationship.
Hi, and welcome. For many people, the decision to get help can be a difficult one. I see your visit to my profile as a sign of strength and a refusal to give up. Loneliness, the inability to enjoy life, excessive worry or fear, anxiety in social situations, unhappiness or problems in personal, professional or marital relationships, not knowing what to do personally or professionally, even substance "abuse" and PTSD are issues that are interpersonal, not biological. They can be overcome within a genuinely understanding, compassionate, active, and patient therapeutic relationship.
(844) 344-9103 View (844) 344-9103
Photo of Kimberley Richardson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberley Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
My ideal client, likely seeks someone who understands the complexities of their situation and can offer tailored support that addresses their unique challenges. They may be struggling with a system that has repeatedly let them down or be hesitant to engage in traditional therapy. The client desires a safe space where they feel heard, respected, and understood. Their goal is transformative change, both individually and within their family dynamics.
My ideal client, likely seeks someone who understands the complexities of their situation and can offer tailored support that addresses their unique challenges. They may be struggling with a system that has repeatedly let them down or be hesitant to engage in traditional therapy. The client desires a safe space where they feel heard, respected, and understood. Their goal is transformative change, both individually and within their family dynamics.
(617) 420-4522 View (617) 420-4522
Photo of Audrey Grubb, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Audrey Grubb
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446
Whether you are seeking support for your child/teen, feeling overwhelmed with a life transition, or finding yourself worrying too much about different things, we can work together to create more balance in your life. Together we will explore unhelpful thoughts, patterns, and behaviors that are keeping you stuck and find new ways of coping with the challenges you are facing. I use a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy with elements of play therapy, CBT, DBT, and family-based treatment to support each client in their own journey.
Whether you are seeking support for your child/teen, feeling overwhelmed with a life transition, or finding yourself worrying too much about different things, we can work together to create more balance in your life. Together we will explore unhelpful thoughts, patterns, and behaviors that are keeping you stuck and find new ways of coping with the challenges you are facing. I use a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy with elements of play therapy, CBT, DBT, and family-based treatment to support each client in their own journey.
(857) 971-7788 View (857) 971-7788
Photo of Katharine Thomson, PhD, Psychologist
Katharine Thomson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
In addition to my faculty and hospital-based roles, in my private practice I see children, teens, adults, couples, and families. I am licensed in Massachusetts, New York, and British Columbia. Harvard Medical School trained, I deliver evidence-based approaches and treat a range of psychiatric diagnoses using a bio-psycho-social model. I welcome all backgrounds and strive for culturally responsive and attuned care. My interventions also include mindfulness and focus on reducing distress and improving relationships, all delivered with warmth, humor, and science.
In addition to my faculty and hospital-based roles, in my private practice I see children, teens, adults, couples, and families. I am licensed in Massachusetts, New York, and British Columbia. Harvard Medical School trained, I deliver evidence-based approaches and treat a range of psychiatric diagnoses using a bio-psycho-social model. I welcome all backgrounds and strive for culturally responsive and attuned care. My interventions also include mindfulness and focus on reducing distress and improving relationships, all delivered with warmth, humor, and science.
(617) 600-5984 View (617) 600-5984
Photo of Sara Kaplan-Levy, PhD, Psychologist
Sara Kaplan-Levy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive training in, and experience providing, evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents, young adults, and caregivers. I strive to create a warm, safe environment in which clients are encouraged to explore the connections between their internal experiences (thoughts, feelings, urges), external events, and behaviors. My approach is collaborative and aims to empower individuals to make mindful choices in service of their goals and values.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive training in, and experience providing, evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents, young adults, and caregivers. I strive to create a warm, safe environment in which clients are encouraged to explore the connections between their internal experiences (thoughts, feelings, urges), external events, and behaviors. My approach is collaborative and aims to empower individuals to make mindful choices in service of their goals and values.
(617) 915-4177 View (617) 915-4177
Candace Weissman
Psychologist, PsyD, JD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who trained at George Washington University and at Harvard University. I provide individual therapy for adults as well as couples therapy. I utilize psychodynamic/psychoanalytic perspectives in order to best understand my clients. I have worked with clients struggling with various issues such as depression and anxiety, low self-esteem, college/graduate school stress and relationship/family difficulties. I provide an empathetic, supportive, and interactive environment whereby together, the client and I can explore conflicts with the ultimate goal of reducing unpleasant thoughts and/or painful feelings.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who trained at George Washington University and at Harvard University. I provide individual therapy for adults as well as couples therapy. I utilize psychodynamic/psychoanalytic perspectives in order to best understand my clients. I have worked with clients struggling with various issues such as depression and anxiety, low self-esteem, college/graduate school stress and relationship/family difficulties. I provide an empathetic, supportive, and interactive environment whereby together, the client and I can explore conflicts with the ultimate goal of reducing unpleasant thoughts and/or painful feelings.
(857) 574-0987 View (857) 574-0987
Photo of Tally Gershfield, LMHC, MFT, Counselor
Tally Gershfield
Counselor, LMHC, MFT
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Limited daytime availability- I am a licensed therapist practicing in Brookline, MA. I treat individuals and couples presenting with a range of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, family conflict, and relationship challenges. I use an integrative therapeutic approach, drawing on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral (CBT), and dialectical behavioral techniques (DBT).
Limited daytime availability- I am a licensed therapist practicing in Brookline, MA. I treat individuals and couples presenting with a range of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, family conflict, and relationship challenges. I use an integrative therapeutic approach, drawing on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral (CBT), and dialectical behavioral techniques (DBT).
(617) 405-3407 View (617) 405-3407
Photo of MacKenzie Lee, LMHC, C-DBT, Counselor
MacKenzie Lee
Counselor, LMHC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Currently Accepting New Clients (with limited availability). I am an experienced child and adolescent clinician who values a collaborative approach in my therapeutic work with young people and their families. I work with individuals to create a comfortable and nurturing environment that fosters growth and resilience. I have experience working in acute mental health services and outpatient settings, particularly with life adjustments, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and self-harming behaviors. I utilize a person centered, trauma informed, and skills-based approach to help treat depression, anxiety, trauma, and grief.
Currently Accepting New Clients (with limited availability). I am an experienced child and adolescent clinician who values a collaborative approach in my therapeutic work with young people and their families. I work with individuals to create a comfortable and nurturing environment that fosters growth and resilience. I have experience working in acute mental health services and outpatient settings, particularly with life adjustments, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and self-harming behaviors. I utilize a person centered, trauma informed, and skills-based approach to help treat depression, anxiety, trauma, and grief.
(857) 384-5436 View (857) 384-5436
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brookline, MA

800+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Brookline, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD
62% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% BlueCross and BlueShield
47% Aetna
42% Harvard Pilgrim

How Therapists in Brookline, MA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brookline?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.