Therapists in Sonoma, CA

Photo of Alicia Cockrum - Alicia Cockrum, PsyD, PsyD, Psychologist
Alicia Cockrum, PsyD
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
Psychological Testing & Assessment: Dr. Alicia Cockrum specializes in building compassionate and collaborative clinical relationships with adult patients who desire psychological testing and diagnosis. Dr. Cockrum provides comprehensive psychological & therapeutic assessments specializing in the following areas: ADHD, PTSD Bariatric Surgery, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning, Immigration, and Work or School Disability Accommodations. Dr. Alicia Cockrum has over 15 years of clinical experience and expertise in the areas of Psychological Testing, PTSD, Grief, Evidence Based and Compassion Focused Therapies.
Psychological Testing & Assessment: Dr. Alicia Cockrum specializes in building compassionate and collaborative clinical relationships with adult patients who desire psychological testing and diagnosis. Dr. Cockrum provides comprehensive psychological & therapeutic assessments specializing in the following areas: ADHD, PTSD Bariatric Surgery, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning, Immigration, and Work or School Disability Accommodations. Dr. Alicia Cockrum has over 15 years of clinical experience and expertise in the areas of Psychological Testing, PTSD, Grief, Evidence Based and Compassion Focused Therapies.
(707) 231-8309 View (707) 231-8309
Photo of Catherine Harris, LCP, Psychologist
Catherine Harris
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
Welcome! My name is Catherine Harris and I am honored to assist you with your healing journey. After 20 years of seeing clients, I still enjoy every day of this work. When off duty, I am usually hiking up a mountain, paddle boarding, or enjoying time with loved ones.
Welcome! My name is Catherine Harris and I am honored to assist you with your healing journey. After 20 years of seeing clients, I still enjoy every day of this work. When off duty, I am usually hiking up a mountain, paddle boarding, or enjoying time with loved ones.
(707) 394-3358 View (707) 394-3358
Photo of Julieanna Gonsalves, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julieanna Gonsalves
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476  (Online Only)
I help perfectionistic women and teenage girls conquer inner struggles that create and perpetuate unwanted, often debilitating, mental and emotional stresses. I specialize in treating anxiety, body image issues, unhelpful eating behaviors, and depression. Does your penchant for perfection interfere with your sense of self and/or rob your joy? Does criticism of yourself cloud your perception and/or erode your confidence? Does your need to be in control leave you drained and with little time or energy for anything else?
I help perfectionistic women and teenage girls conquer inner struggles that create and perpetuate unwanted, often debilitating, mental and emotional stresses. I specialize in treating anxiety, body image issues, unhelpful eating behaviors, and depression. Does your penchant for perfection interfere with your sense of self and/or rob your joy? Does criticism of yourself cloud your perception and/or erode your confidence? Does your need to be in control leave you drained and with little time or energy for anything else?
(707) 343-4176 View (707) 343-4176
Photo of Michele Rouse, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michele Rouse
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
Is constant fighting with your spouse or partner getting to you? Are conflicts with others becoming more frequent? Is parenting turning out to be more difficult than you thought it would be? Call me and discover how counseling can help you feel more connected in your relationships, find relief from your emotional pain, and learn skills to live at your full potential.
Is constant fighting with your spouse or partner getting to you? Are conflicts with others becoming more frequent? Is parenting turning out to be more difficult than you thought it would be? Call me and discover how counseling can help you feel more connected in your relationships, find relief from your emotional pain, and learn skills to live at your full potential.
(707) 877-6908 View (707) 877-6908
Photo of Rebecca Hines, MA, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Rebecca Hines
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sonoma, CA 95476
Finding the right therapist can be a daunting process. There are a lot of people to choose from but connecting with the person who will be right for you is extremely important. In fact, research shows that the biggest predictor of successful therapy is the relationship that you have with your therapist. I am passionate about building a strong alliance with my clients, teaching them positive coping skills, and helping them to fully explore their current and past experiences to promote growth and bring about lasting change. I work from a person-centered perspective, which simply means that I take an empathetic, empowering approach.
Finding the right therapist can be a daunting process. There are a lot of people to choose from but connecting with the person who will be right for you is extremely important. In fact, research shows that the biggest predictor of successful therapy is the relationship that you have with your therapist. I am passionate about building a strong alliance with my clients, teaching them positive coping skills, and helping them to fully explore their current and past experiences to promote growth and bring about lasting change. I work from a person-centered perspective, which simply means that I take an empathetic, empowering approach.
(707) 532-0658 View (707) 532-0658
Photo of Aubree Vance Tovrea, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aubree Vance Tovrea
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
Discover your path to healing and wholeness with me at Valley of the Moon Therapy. With a foundation in trauma-informed care, I understand the profound impact that past experiences can have on your present life. I'm deeply committed to helping you navigate the complexities of anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance abuse. Rather than just treating symptoms, I delve into the root causes, ensuring you receive holistic and genuine healing and move toward more of what you are wanting in your life.
Discover your path to healing and wholeness with me at Valley of the Moon Therapy. With a foundation in trauma-informed care, I understand the profound impact that past experiences can have on your present life. I'm deeply committed to helping you navigate the complexities of anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance abuse. Rather than just treating symptoms, I delve into the root causes, ensuring you receive holistic and genuine healing and move toward more of what you are wanting in your life.
(707) 283-7935 View (707) 283-7935
Photo of Dr. Kathryn W Page, PhD
Dr. Kathryn W Page
PhD
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
Specializing in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. I directed the diagnostic clinic at the county hospital in Santa Clara county, Valley Medical Center, have written and consulted extensively and provided trainings for the last 30 years. I'm currently providing mandatory trainings in FASD for Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health, and working in local state and federal advocacy groups.I consult with families affected by probable or diagnosed FASD. My greatest delight is helping families come to a more accurate understanding of their loved ones and how to best support them.
Specializing in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. I directed the diagnostic clinic at the county hospital in Santa Clara county, Valley Medical Center, have written and consulted extensively and provided trainings for the last 30 years. I'm currently providing mandatory trainings in FASD for Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health, and working in local state and federal advocacy groups.I consult with families affected by probable or diagnosed FASD. My greatest delight is helping families come to a more accurate understanding of their loved ones and how to best support them.
(707) 348-5615 View (707) 348-5615
Photo of Hannah Philbin, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hannah Philbin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sonoma, CA 95476
Symptoms draw our attention to areas that need care. That is often where we start. What is bothering you and what might be underneath? Together, we can expand your understanding of what is troubling you and build on your innate resilience. Sometimes it is as simple as just being heard. But when it is not, shifting thoughts, words, and actions may provide relief and develop improved coping skills. (Heads up: sometimes it gets worse before it gets better) If you've had enough, if you are done avoiding or pointing fingers, if you are reading to make changes, then let's do this. Process groups available T & W.
Symptoms draw our attention to areas that need care. That is often where we start. What is bothering you and what might be underneath? Together, we can expand your understanding of what is troubling you and build on your innate resilience. Sometimes it is as simple as just being heard. But when it is not, shifting thoughts, words, and actions may provide relief and develop improved coping skills. (Heads up: sometimes it gets worse before it gets better) If you've had enough, if you are done avoiding or pointing fingers, if you are reading to make changes, then let's do this. Process groups available T & W.
(707) 289-7705 View (707) 289-7705
Photo of Kayla Ann Dale, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kayla Ann Dale
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Sonoma, CA 95476
Currently accepting new clients! You are looking to make some positive changes in your life but are unsure of how or where to begin. You are open to counseling and willing to take small steps towards a happier and healthier version of yourself. Exploring the ways your thoughts or behaviors have been contributing to your distress is challenging, but you are committed to working towards your full potential. You might also be a parent who is struggling to find help for your child who has been acting out and are at a loss of what to do.
Currently accepting new clients! You are looking to make some positive changes in your life but are unsure of how or where to begin. You are open to counseling and willing to take small steps towards a happier and healthier version of yourself. Exploring the ways your thoughts or behaviors have been contributing to your distress is challenging, but you are committed to working towards your full potential. You might also be a parent who is struggling to find help for your child who has been acting out and are at a loss of what to do.
(707) 210-1601 View (707) 210-1601
Photo of Victoria Rohrer - Roar Therapeutic & Educational Consulting, MA, LMFT
Roar Therapeutic & Educational Consulting
MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sonoma, CA 95476
Is your child or young adult struggling to function at school and home? Do you feel like you have tried everything and it hasn't worked? Has their behavior or mental health challenges become so unmanageable that they need more help than local services can provide? Let us help you. ​ ​
Is your child or young adult struggling to function at school and home? Do you feel like you have tried everything and it hasn't worked? Has their behavior or mental health challenges become so unmanageable that they need more help than local services can provide? Let us help you. ​ ​
(707) 510-4302 View (707) 510-4302
Photo of Sara Brashear, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sara Brashear
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sonoma, CA 95476  (Online Only)
Traumatic experiences, whether the big ones everyone recognizes or the more subtle emotional injuries suffered by many, leave their mark. They may be hard to forget or make other things hard to remember. I work with you to feel better in the present moment and resolve the past. Areas that may benefit from the resolution of past difficulties are concentration, happiness, relationships and career success, among others.
Traumatic experiences, whether the big ones everyone recognizes or the more subtle emotional injuries suffered by many, leave their mark. They may be hard to forget or make other things hard to remember. I work with you to feel better in the present moment and resolve the past. Areas that may benefit from the resolution of past difficulties are concentration, happiness, relationships and career success, among others.
(707) 721-4149 View (707) 721-4149
Photo of Kathy Allard, PhD, MFT, EMDR, Psychologist
Kathy Allard
Psychologist, PhD, MFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
My "typical" client is of high intelligence, creativity, ingenuity and kindness, who attempts to address issues that keep emerging, preventing them from being fully happy and at their best. These problems often include depression, anxiety, loss, childhood trauma, addictions, and relationship dissatisfaction. All too often, people emerge from childhood with wounds related to family turmoil, parental loss, abuse, neglect, abandonment and various addictions. The aftermath can be emotionally unrelenting, despite repeated attempts to make "external" fixes. Sharing your pain with a Psychologist in an emotionally safe environment can help start the healing process.
My "typical" client is of high intelligence, creativity, ingenuity and kindness, who attempts to address issues that keep emerging, preventing them from being fully happy and at their best. These problems often include depression, anxiety, loss, childhood trauma, addictions, and relationship dissatisfaction. All too often, people emerge from childhood with wounds related to family turmoil, parental loss, abuse, neglect, abandonment and various addictions. The aftermath can be emotionally unrelenting, despite repeated attempts to make "external" fixes. Sharing your pain with a Psychologist in an emotionally safe environment can help start the healing process.
(650) 763-3397 View (650) 763-3397
Photo of Evie Talmus, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Evie Talmus
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476  (Online Only)
Most of us want the same thing: to be happy. If you are on this website, you are most likely experiencing some discomfort - mental, physical, emotional - and have realized that sometimes it's hard to go it alone. You may be facing tenacious challenges like loneliness, less-than-satisfying relationships, illness, ADHD, anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, body/food conflicts, procrastination and parenting issues. If so, having someone who knows the terrain makes for a more successful outcome.
Most of us want the same thing: to be happy. If you are on this website, you are most likely experiencing some discomfort - mental, physical, emotional - and have realized that sometimes it's hard to go it alone. You may be facing tenacious challenges like loneliness, less-than-satisfying relationships, illness, ADHD, anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, body/food conflicts, procrastination and parenting issues. If so, having someone who knows the terrain makes for a more successful outcome.
(415) 655-1505 View (415) 655-1505
Photo of Darice Elaine Dekker, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Darice Elaine Dekker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
Are you struggling in an important relationship? Are you at a crossroads in your career or your life, and are unsure of what path to take? Are the ghosts of past trauma or loss impacting your ability to have a healthy relationship with yourself and others? Are you dealing with anxiety or depression and finding it hard to live the life that you long to live? If so, I would be honored to work alongside you as you navigate the challenges you are facing and come to a place of clarity and healing.
Are you struggling in an important relationship? Are you at a crossroads in your career or your life, and are unsure of what path to take? Are the ghosts of past trauma or loss impacting your ability to have a healthy relationship with yourself and others? Are you dealing with anxiety or depression and finding it hard to live the life that you long to live? If so, I would be honored to work alongside you as you navigate the challenges you are facing and come to a place of clarity and healing.
(707) 862-7046 View (707) 862-7046
Photo of Sarah Tasker, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah Tasker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sonoma, CA 95476
Life is full of transitions that aren't always easy to navigate, especially after experiencing a pandemic. I want to help you tap into your inner strength in order to live your best life. I love working with individuals, teens, and couples who are willing to step out of their comfort zones so that they can start to believe in themselves. Reaching out for help isn't always easy, but I believe that you are capable of doing hard things. The therapeutic journey takes a lot of courage and bravery, but when we work together, the result can be pretty spectacular.
Life is full of transitions that aren't always easy to navigate, especially after experiencing a pandemic. I want to help you tap into your inner strength in order to live your best life. I love working with individuals, teens, and couples who are willing to step out of their comfort zones so that they can start to believe in themselves. Reaching out for help isn't always easy, but I believe that you are capable of doing hard things. The therapeutic journey takes a lot of courage and bravery, but when we work together, the result can be pretty spectacular.
(707) 509-8031 View (707) 509-8031
Photo of Dena Webster, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dena Webster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
My name is Dena Webster; I am a licensed clinical social worker. My goal in providing therapy is to make a difference for everyone one day at a time. I meet my clients where they are and consider their whole environment when identifying issues and resolving them. My approach to therapy is eclectic; I incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, and coping skills. I realized that having someone to talk to and a safe place to say the hard things was helpful. I also noticed I have always been that friend everyone talks to process their problems.
My name is Dena Webster; I am a licensed clinical social worker. My goal in providing therapy is to make a difference for everyone one day at a time. I meet my clients where they are and consider their whole environment when identifying issues and resolving them. My approach to therapy is eclectic; I incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, and coping skills. I realized that having someone to talk to and a safe place to say the hard things was helpful. I also noticed I have always been that friend everyone talks to process their problems.
(707) 520-8606 View (707) 520-8606
Photo of Marcy Brandner, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marcy Brandner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476  (Online Only)
You used to have fun, like real fun. I'm talking "living your best life" full of carefree adventure kind of fun. Nowadays, asking, "Should we get ice cream?" is about as wildly spontaneous as it gets. The years pass by, and responsibility stacks up. Life is good, but it feels like it could be better. You've become the ultimate multitasker, switching between mom duties and work demands, catering to everyone else's needs, and hoping your own desires will sneak into the mix. You want more. And less. I get it.
You used to have fun, like real fun. I'm talking "living your best life" full of carefree adventure kind of fun. Nowadays, asking, "Should we get ice cream?" is about as wildly spontaneous as it gets. The years pass by, and responsibility stacks up. Life is good, but it feels like it could be better. You've become the ultimate multitasker, switching between mom duties and work demands, catering to everyone else's needs, and hoping your own desires will sneak into the mix. You want more. And less. I get it.
(707) 289-6786 View (707) 289-6786
Photo of Danielle Saporta, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle Saporta
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sonoma, CA 95476  (Online Only)
I believe in the power of the arts, humor, connection and play as vehicles for transformation and healing, whether you're a child, teen, or adult. I work with folks who want to improve their communication, have thriving relationships, and just feel a whole lot better! Life is messy and constantly changing! Whether you are experiencing a major life transition, relationship or career change, or simply feeling overwhelmed or lost, I’m here to help you navigate your way through. I'll stand alongside you, your teen, or your child, and help guide toward a healthier, happier self and family. Increased fulfillment and meaning are possible.
I believe in the power of the arts, humor, connection and play as vehicles for transformation and healing, whether you're a child, teen, or adult. I work with folks who want to improve their communication, have thriving relationships, and just feel a whole lot better! Life is messy and constantly changing! Whether you are experiencing a major life transition, relationship or career change, or simply feeling overwhelmed or lost, I’m here to help you navigate your way through. I'll stand alongside you, your teen, or your child, and help guide toward a healthier, happier self and family. Increased fulfillment and meaning are possible.
(707) 868-4067 View (707) 868-4067
Photo of Patricia Anderson - Bridges Therapy Group of California, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bridges Therapy Group of California
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476  (Online Only)
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
(707) 607-6960 View (707) 607-6960
Photo of Katy A Byrne, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katy A Byrne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Sonoma, CA 95476
When we meet you will enjoy a private and safe environment to discuss and explore the hopes and challenges you are facing. I care about your wishes, needs and/or goals in the therapy. I work with adults, couples and families. Forty years as a psychotherapist has taught me to emphasize your strengths and hopes. I will support you in a reassuring and respectful way in identifying your needs. I work with most issues, but specialize in areas of: life transitions, couples communication and relationship issues, conflict resolution, harm reduction, fulfillment, eating and shifting areas of unhappiness towards a more alive and vital life.
When we meet you will enjoy a private and safe environment to discuss and explore the hopes and challenges you are facing. I care about your wishes, needs and/or goals in the therapy. I work with adults, couples and families. Forty years as a psychotherapist has taught me to emphasize your strengths and hopes. I will support you in a reassuring and respectful way in identifying your needs. I work with most issues, but specialize in areas of: life transitions, couples communication and relationship issues, conflict resolution, harm reduction, fulfillment, eating and shifting areas of unhappiness towards a more alive and vital life.
(707) 548-8982 View (707) 548-8982

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sonoma, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Sonoma, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
83% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
68% Grief
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% Cigna and Evernorth
53% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Aetna

How Therapists in Sonoma, CA see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
15% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sonoma?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.