Therapists in San Diego, CA

View neighborhoods in San Diego
Photo of Sheilah Cameron - New Life Counseling Center, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
New Life Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
New Life Counseling Center is a progressive and inclusive Christian counseling center in Mission Valley offering individual, couples, family and premarital counseling. Our therapists consist of both licensed Psychologists and Marriage & Family Therapists in addition to qualified Marriage & Family Therapist interns. Some of our therapists also have degrees from seminaries and some are ordained pastors. In addition to Christian counseling, we also see clients who have no religious or spiritual affiliation. We try and make NLCC a resource where anyone can seek support and find solutions to the issues they want addressed in a safe, comfortable and warm environment.
New Life Counseling Center is a progressive and inclusive Christian counseling center in Mission Valley offering individual, couples, family and premarital counseling. Our therapists consist of both licensed Psychologists and Marriage & Family Therapists in addition to qualified Marriage & Family Therapist interns. Some of our therapists also have degrees from seminaries and some are ordained pastors. In addition to Christian counseling, we also see clients who have no religious or spiritual affiliation. We try and make NLCC a resource where anyone can seek support and find solutions to the issues they want addressed in a safe, comfortable and warm environment.
(619) 432-6720 View (619) 432-6720
Photo of Negar Nazari, PhD, Psychologist
Negar Nazari
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92126  (Online Only)
We have immediate telehealth availability! Contemplating therapy is a courageous first step and I admire your decision to seek help. Perhaps you have been overworked, feeling stressed, worried, and struggling to keep it all together. I will meet you as you are and create a safe space to explore your unique inner world. Together we can identify your strengths, change old patterns, increase self-compassion, strengthen coping skills, enhance relationships, and make life much more meaningful. I provide an environment that is non-judgmental, utilizing a caring and collaborative approach to help you feel heard, supported, and empowered.
We have immediate telehealth availability! Contemplating therapy is a courageous first step and I admire your decision to seek help. Perhaps you have been overworked, feeling stressed, worried, and struggling to keep it all together. I will meet you as you are and create a safe space to explore your unique inner world. Together we can identify your strengths, change old patterns, increase self-compassion, strengthen coping skills, enhance relationships, and make life much more meaningful. I provide an environment that is non-judgmental, utilizing a caring and collaborative approach to help you feel heard, supported, and empowered.
(619) 391-0174 View (619) 391-0174
Photo of Christine Gottung, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Gottung
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
Hi there, I'm Christine. Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or disconnected from the world around you? Are you struggling to keep up with your responsibilities or relationships? Is your inner critic starting to take over your headspace? I empower high-achievers to better manage anxiety and overcome feelings of burnout. Together we will identify your core struggles, restore balance, and create inner wellness. I incorporate a holistic approach to address your emotional, physical, social, and spiritual wellbeing.
Hi there, I'm Christine. Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or disconnected from the world around you? Are you struggling to keep up with your responsibilities or relationships? Is your inner critic starting to take over your headspace? I empower high-achievers to better manage anxiety and overcome feelings of burnout. Together we will identify your core struggles, restore balance, and create inner wellness. I incorporate a holistic approach to address your emotional, physical, social, and spiritual wellbeing.
(619) 775-1859 View (619) 775-1859
Photo of Jovelyn Peterson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jovelyn Peterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92117  (Online Only)
I am passionate about supporting families by strengthening parent-child relationships and addressing the challenges of parenting. Recognizing that both parenting and being a teenager can be difficult, I acknowledge how social media and school demands have changed the landscape. I envision my role as building a bridge between parents and teens, fostering a middle ground where skills like active listening, empathy, embracing one another, letting go, and building trust can be developed. Emphazising that establishing a strong foundation is crucial, though it can be challenging.
I am passionate about supporting families by strengthening parent-child relationships and addressing the challenges of parenting. Recognizing that both parenting and being a teenager can be difficult, I acknowledge how social media and school demands have changed the landscape. I envision my role as building a bridge between parents and teens, fostering a middle ground where skills like active listening, empathy, embracing one another, letting go, and building trust can be developed. Emphazising that establishing a strong foundation is crucial, though it can be challenging.
(619) 943-2702 View (619) 943-2702
Photo of Peyman Garakani, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Peyman Garakani
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92114
Hello, my name is Peyman Garakani and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in the treatment of Depression, Anxiety and have extensive experience dealing with matters of grief. Through our collaboration, you will maximize your strengths to better cope, conquer your stressors, and learn that you don't have to settle for just "getting by." I look forward to our journey together and can't wait for you to embrace the NEW you! My client population consists of individuals 18 and over. I treat Mood and Anxiety-related disorders.
Hello, my name is Peyman Garakani and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in the treatment of Depression, Anxiety and have extensive experience dealing with matters of grief. Through our collaboration, you will maximize your strengths to better cope, conquer your stressors, and learn that you don't have to settle for just "getting by." I look forward to our journey together and can't wait for you to embrace the NEW you! My client population consists of individuals 18 and over. I treat Mood and Anxiety-related disorders.
(619) 831-8762 View (619) 831-8762
Photo of Elizabeth Collentine-Cole, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Collentine-Cole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92101  (Online Only)
My goal is to cultivate a warm, non-judgmental, inclusive space for my clients to embark on a journey of healing and self-discovery. Every client brings unique strengths, identities, histories, and relationships to our work. In our initial sessions, I focus on a client’s specific therapeutic objectives to help chart a path of growth and healing for our therapeutic work together. I have extensive experience in supporting clients who have suffered acute and chronic health challenges as well as in supporting clients who are coping with significant life transitions (relationship changes, birth, loss, career transitions, etc).
My goal is to cultivate a warm, non-judgmental, inclusive space for my clients to embark on a journey of healing and self-discovery. Every client brings unique strengths, identities, histories, and relationships to our work. In our initial sessions, I focus on a client’s specific therapeutic objectives to help chart a path of growth and healing for our therapeutic work together. I have extensive experience in supporting clients who have suffered acute and chronic health challenges as well as in supporting clients who are coping with significant life transitions (relationship changes, birth, loss, career transitions, etc).
(619) 815-7216 View (619) 815-7216
Photo of Kurt Rhim, APCC
Kurt Rhim
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, APCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92116
I am open to any and all clients seeking ways to overcome their challenges and barriers to live fulfilling lives. I specialize in working with those dealing with varying traumas and big life changes, as well as those seeking general support on a weekly basis.
I am open to any and all clients seeking ways to overcome their challenges and barriers to live fulfilling lives. I specialize in working with those dealing with varying traumas and big life changes, as well as those seeking general support on a weekly basis.
(619) 830-4819 View (619) 830-4819
Photo of Stefano Casillo, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Stefano Casillo
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92131
Stefano’s professional experience in the field of psychology has involved working with individuals, couples, and families of various backgrounds throughout San Diego. As an advocate of strong mental health, he understands the importance of creating a safe environment for individuals of all ages where effective therapy can promote wellness.
Stefano’s professional experience in the field of psychology has involved working with individuals, couples, and families of various backgrounds throughout San Diego. As an advocate of strong mental health, he understands the importance of creating a safe environment for individuals of all ages where effective therapy can promote wellness.
(858) 652-4091 View (858) 652-4091
Photo of Dr. Lara Zappaterra, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Lara Zappaterra
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92117
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and Welcome. I have over a decade of practice in individual, adolescent, and couples therapy. I specialize in treating mood or anxiety difficulties, trauma, childhood trauma, relational difficulties, life stressors, or life and identity transitions. My passion is to help you live authentically- experiencing relief, resilience, self-compassion, and increased emotional freedom. We often learn strategies through life to keep us safe, but those strategies may hold us back in our present. It is in our relationships that we learned these strategies; it is through a therapeutic relationship that we re-learn, re-parent, and heal.
Hello and Welcome. I have over a decade of practice in individual, adolescent, and couples therapy. I specialize in treating mood or anxiety difficulties, trauma, childhood trauma, relational difficulties, life stressors, or life and identity transitions. My passion is to help you live authentically- experiencing relief, resilience, self-compassion, and increased emotional freedom. We often learn strategies through life to keep us safe, but those strategies may hold us back in our present. It is in our relationships that we learned these strategies; it is through a therapeutic relationship that we re-learn, re-parent, and heal.
(858) 956-7579 View (858) 956-7579
Photo of Andrea Marx, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Andrea Marx
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
The healing process of therapy is a gift that I am passionate about and if you are viewing this, you may have something happening in your life that might benefit from additional, professional support. If that sounds similar to you, you are not alone. My approach will help find deeper meaning and further your own self-understanding.
The healing process of therapy is a gift that I am passionate about and if you are viewing this, you may have something happening in your life that might benefit from additional, professional support. If that sounds similar to you, you are not alone. My approach will help find deeper meaning and further your own self-understanding.
(619) 378-7622 View (619) 378-7622
Photo of Jaclyn Grace, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jaclyn Grace
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92122  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping adults who are grappling with complex, long-term trauma, related anxiety and depression, life transitions, grief and loss and adult ADHD. These issues can deeply impact your life, creating layers of challenges that require careful, sustained attention. I also specialize in working with those that are completely new to therapy. If you're struggling with these persistent concerns or trying therapy for the first time and seeking a therapeutic relationship that focuses on long-term healing and understanding, my approach is built to support you through this intricate journey.
I specialize in helping adults who are grappling with complex, long-term trauma, related anxiety and depression, life transitions, grief and loss and adult ADHD. These issues can deeply impact your life, creating layers of challenges that require careful, sustained attention. I also specialize in working with those that are completely new to therapy. If you're struggling with these persistent concerns or trying therapy for the first time and seeking a therapeutic relationship that focuses on long-term healing and understanding, my approach is built to support you through this intricate journey.
(858) 330-6019 View (858) 330-6019
Photo of Sonja L Banks, PhD, Psychologist
Sonja L Banks
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92131
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and certified cognitive behavioral therapist who has been in private practice since 1999. Until 2014, I was the Senior Reproductive Psychologist in the Maternal Mental Health Division, Department of Psychiatry at UCSD. Educationally, I first earned Dual Bachelor Degrees in Psychology and Music from St. Olaf College. After earning a Ph.D. and M.A. in Clinical Psychology with a Health Psychology Emphasis from CSPP, I completed an internship at Scripps Clinic and a Fellowship at the Medical University of South Carolina.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and certified cognitive behavioral therapist who has been in private practice since 1999. Until 2014, I was the Senior Reproductive Psychologist in the Maternal Mental Health Division, Department of Psychiatry at UCSD. Educationally, I first earned Dual Bachelor Degrees in Psychology and Music from St. Olaf College. After earning a Ph.D. and M.A. in Clinical Psychology with a Health Psychology Emphasis from CSPP, I completed an internship at Scripps Clinic and a Fellowship at the Medical University of South Carolina.
(858) 914-2768 View (858) 914-2768
Photo of Richard Benfante, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Richard Benfante
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92120
Rich Benfante treats patients starting at 13-year-old. Rich Benfante is a Licensed MFT with over a decade of experience in the mental health field. He has experience working with adolescents, adults, and families providing individual, crisis, and family therapy to clients who come from different socio-economical backgrounds with a vast array of mental health needs. Rich has experience working in schools, residential programs, and in the community. He has also worked with foster youth, persons on probation, victims of violence and abuse, military and law enforcement, clients struggling with substance issues, and persons of faith.
Rich Benfante treats patients starting at 13-year-old. Rich Benfante is a Licensed MFT with over a decade of experience in the mental health field. He has experience working with adolescents, adults, and families providing individual, crisis, and family therapy to clients who come from different socio-economical backgrounds with a vast array of mental health needs. Rich has experience working in schools, residential programs, and in the community. He has also worked with foster youth, persons on probation, victims of violence and abuse, military and law enforcement, clients struggling with substance issues, and persons of faith.
(858) 786-0318 View (858) 786-0318
Photo of Emma Michalopoulos, PsyD, Psychologist
Emma Michalopoulos
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Teenage life can be hard to understand, even when things are going well. Offering individual therapy for teens and pre-teens. Family therapy or parenting training available as well. All of us are living on a spectrum of surviving---------thriving. Whether you need support just getting through each day, or things are more stable and you're looking to grow, I'm here to support you wherever you are at!
Teenage life can be hard to understand, even when things are going well. Offering individual therapy for teens and pre-teens. Family therapy or parenting training available as well. All of us are living on a spectrum of surviving---------thriving. Whether you need support just getting through each day, or things are more stable and you're looking to grow, I'm here to support you wherever you are at!
(619) 916-4487 View (619) 916-4487
Photo of Randy Lorenzo Wynglass, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Randy Lorenzo Wynglass
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92105  (Online Only)
Your thoughts are weighing you down, and it is becoming difficult for you to manage the images ,feelings, and stories of unresolved family issues from the past. No one seems to understand you and your perspective, which can either be attributed to your Race/Ethnicity, Religious or Spiritual Beliefs, Age, Interests, Intellect or Learning Style, and or Social and Economic Status. You might be experiencing negative thinking around your sexual orientation, and expression, which can disrupt your mood, and activity throughout the day. You want peace of mind in knowing that your voice matters like everyone else’s.
Your thoughts are weighing you down, and it is becoming difficult for you to manage the images ,feelings, and stories of unresolved family issues from the past. No one seems to understand you and your perspective, which can either be attributed to your Race/Ethnicity, Religious or Spiritual Beliefs, Age, Interests, Intellect or Learning Style, and or Social and Economic Status. You might be experiencing negative thinking around your sexual orientation, and expression, which can disrupt your mood, and activity throughout the day. You want peace of mind in knowing that your voice matters like everyone else’s.
(858) 808-2391 View (858) 808-2391
Photo of Jeffrey Saylor, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeffrey Saylor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92115  (Online Only)
Life is full of challenges that we are not always prepared to manage. I offer an integrative approach to manage those challenges. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with experience working with individuals with a variety of backgrounds and experiences. My goal is to help you to better manage life and everything that comes with it. My approach is nonjudgmental and collaborative, working together to determine meaningful goals, while identifying the steps to achieve those goals. I strive to empowered others to find solutions and manage life with greater understanding and acceptance.
Life is full of challenges that we are not always prepared to manage. I offer an integrative approach to manage those challenges. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with experience working with individuals with a variety of backgrounds and experiences. My goal is to help you to better manage life and everything that comes with it. My approach is nonjudgmental and collaborative, working together to determine meaningful goals, while identifying the steps to achieve those goals. I strive to empowered others to find solutions and manage life with greater understanding and acceptance.
(619) 536-1468 View (619) 536-1468
Photo of Rebecca Ballesteros, MS, LPCC
Rebecca Ballesteros
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92116  (Online Only)
Circumstances, life crisis, disability and past trauma can block our ability to achieve our goals and dreams. I am passionate about helping people overcome obstacles that are affecting their ability to live a fulfilling, purposeful and happy life. We all have dreams and a vision of what we want our life to look like. Whatever issue brings you to therapy, I am excited to help and guide you through the process of revealing those blocks, resolving unproductive behaviors, and developing healthy coping skills so you can live the life you imagine.
Circumstances, life crisis, disability and past trauma can block our ability to achieve our goals and dreams. I am passionate about helping people overcome obstacles that are affecting their ability to live a fulfilling, purposeful and happy life. We all have dreams and a vision of what we want our life to look like. Whatever issue brings you to therapy, I am excited to help and guide you through the process of revealing those blocks, resolving unproductive behaviors, and developing healthy coping skills so you can live the life you imagine.
(619) 304-6296 View (619) 304-6296
Photo of Sawyer Franklin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sawyer Franklin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92130
I specialize in supporting children, teens, and young adults cope with attention difficulties and ADHD, anxiety, depression, disruptive behaviors, trauma, and life transitions. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), First Approaches Skills Training-Behavior (FAST-B), and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). I have a proven track record of helping kids, teens, and young adults overcome their challenges and lead more fulfilling, happy lives.
I specialize in supporting children, teens, and young adults cope with attention difficulties and ADHD, anxiety, depression, disruptive behaviors, trauma, and life transitions. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), First Approaches Skills Training-Behavior (FAST-B), and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). I have a proven track record of helping kids, teens, and young adults overcome their challenges and lead more fulfilling, happy lives.
(858) 753-4287 View (858) 753-4287
Photo of Dr. Jacob Ambrose, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Jacob Ambrose
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling tired, anxious, angry, lonely, or stuck in the same old patterns of life? As a licensed psychologist, I take great pride in helping clients break free from these cycles leading to a truly enhanced quality of life. I specialize in treating anxiety, suppressed anger, low self-esteem, depression, and recurring relationship concerns that often lead to shame, anger, and fear. My expertise extends to addressing career stress and difficulties fostering healthy romantic relationships. I operate from a Jungian, Psychodynamic and Cognitive behavioral lens with Christian faith and Evidence-Based Practice as the foundation of my work.
Feeling tired, anxious, angry, lonely, or stuck in the same old patterns of life? As a licensed psychologist, I take great pride in helping clients break free from these cycles leading to a truly enhanced quality of life. I specialize in treating anxiety, suppressed anger, low self-esteem, depression, and recurring relationship concerns that often lead to shame, anger, and fear. My expertise extends to addressing career stress and difficulties fostering healthy romantic relationships. I operate from a Jungian, Psychodynamic and Cognitive behavioral lens with Christian faith and Evidence-Based Practice as the foundation of my work.
(619) 658-3857 View (619) 658-3857
Photo of Daniel J Sharer, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Daniel J Sharer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92119  (Online Only)
When problems come up in our lives, they often make up us feel alone. It’s not that we can’t handle the problems, but sometimes it just feels overwhelming. Often, we feel like the problems are not going away or that everybody else is living a better life; however, I can assure you that you’re not alone.
When problems come up in our lives, they often make up us feel alone. It’s not that we can’t handle the problems, but sometimes it just feels overwhelming. Often, we feel like the problems are not going away or that everybody else is living a better life; however, I can assure you that you’re not alone.
(619) 821-5485 View (619) 821-5485
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$164

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
70% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem
65% Relationship Issues
62% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
76% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.