Therapists in Gainesville, VA

Photo of Stephen Pierce - William Floyd Counseling Center, BCPC, BCMHC, LPC, PLC
William Floyd Counseling Center
BCPC, BCMHC, LPC, PLC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Our group practice offers professional licensed counseling, certified life coaching and pastoral counseling focused on the foundations of the Bible. Our counselors includes LPCs, LCSWs along with Certified Life Coaches. Our professional team offers reasonable rates while there are free options from our Certified and Pastoral team. The practice does not accept insurance. Learn more at www.williamfloydcenter.com. The William Floyd Counseling Center is a ministry of Park Valley Church.
Our group practice offers professional licensed counseling, certified life coaching and pastoral counseling focused on the foundations of the Bible. Our counselors includes LPCs, LCSWs along with Certified Life Coaches. Our professional team offers reasonable rates while there are free options from our Certified and Pastoral team. The practice does not accept insurance. Learn more at www.williamfloydcenter.com. The William Floyd Counseling Center is a ministry of Park Valley Church.
(571) 946-8386 View (571) 946-8386
Photo of Maria Zurita, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maria Zurita
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Now accepting new clients! Making the decision to seek help could feel overwhelming. Asking for help is not a sign of weakness. It is a sign of strength, a desire to feel and be healthy. I offer an inviting, safe environment to help individuals navigate through life's challenges.
Now accepting new clients! Making the decision to seek help could feel overwhelming. Asking for help is not a sign of weakness. It is a sign of strength, a desire to feel and be healthy. I offer an inviting, safe environment to help individuals navigate through life's challenges.
(703) 783-9455 View (703) 783-9455
Phoenix Counseling Group & Play Therapy Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAATS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
At Phoenix Family Counseling & Play Therapy Center, PLLC we focus on helping children, adolescents and adults overcome the difficulties they are facing in life. We work with individuals, couples, families and groups. We are experienced in working to help our clients resolve issues depression, anxiety, relationship problems, divorce and remarriage, addiction, Adult Children of Alcoholics/Addicts, Children of Alcoholics/Addicts, school problems, anger problems, family conflict, ADHD and Asperger's Syndrome/High Functioning Autism. We use a variety of treatment methods that focus on changing negative thingking patterns and enhancing strenghts. We conduct workshops to the community on several topics.
At Phoenix Family Counseling & Play Therapy Center, PLLC we focus on helping children, adolescents and adults overcome the difficulties they are facing in life. We work with individuals, couples, families and groups. We are experienced in working to help our clients resolve issues depression, anxiety, relationship problems, divorce and remarriage, addiction, Adult Children of Alcoholics/Addicts, Children of Alcoholics/Addicts, school problems, anger problems, family conflict, ADHD and Asperger's Syndrome/High Functioning Autism. We use a variety of treatment methods that focus on changing negative thingking patterns and enhancing strenghts. We conduct workshops to the community on several topics.
(571) 248-7249 View (571) 248-7249
Photo of Jodi L Eanes, LPC, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jodi L Eanes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
There are many stressors in daily life that may cause us to feel out of sorts, anxious, depressed, grieved or traumatized. I treat most all anxiety disorders, most depression disorders, simple and complex grief, and some trauma disorders. I believe there is hope for recovery for all. I would be honored to assist you to learn to live out of your "Best Real Self". You can have a more contented, and accomplished life.
There are many stressors in daily life that may cause us to feel out of sorts, anxious, depressed, grieved or traumatized. I treat most all anxiety disorders, most depression disorders, simple and complex grief, and some trauma disorders. I believe there is hope for recovery for all. I would be honored to assist you to learn to live out of your "Best Real Self". You can have a more contented, and accomplished life.
(571) 450-9144 View (571) 450-9144
Photo of Kaitlin Westerman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kaitlin Westerman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
YOU can heal you! It’s not about what's wrong with you, it’s about what happened to you. Finding a safe space that encourages healing can be difficult to find and asking for help can be an intimidating prospect. I aim to help create a space where you can begin to reconnect with yourself, empowering all parts of you to choose the path YOU want. I want to help you approach emotions with curiosity and gentleness. Viewing behavior, thoughts, and feelings as techniques adapted to help us survive, we begin to move towards a place of acceptance. I want you to live a life free from emotional suffering, feeling stable in all areas of life.
YOU can heal you! It’s not about what's wrong with you, it’s about what happened to you. Finding a safe space that encourages healing can be difficult to find and asking for help can be an intimidating prospect. I aim to help create a space where you can begin to reconnect with yourself, empowering all parts of you to choose the path YOU want. I want to help you approach emotions with curiosity and gentleness. Viewing behavior, thoughts, and feelings as techniques adapted to help us survive, we begin to move towards a place of acceptance. I want you to live a life free from emotional suffering, feeling stable in all areas of life.
(571) 554-5246 View (571) 554-5246
Photo of Douglas R McCracken, LPC, MAATS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Douglas R McCracken
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MAATS
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
My practice consists of adults and adolescents with mood disorders, grief and life issues. I offer a unique blend of Christian counseling with a cognitive behavorial model. Relationaly motivated to help those that enter my practice.
My practice consists of adults and adolescents with mood disorders, grief and life issues. I offer a unique blend of Christian counseling with a cognitive behavorial model. Relationaly motivated to help those that enter my practice.
(571) 317-2418 View (571) 317-2418
Photo of Chase Butala, LPC, LCPC VA, MD WVA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chase Butala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC, LCPC VA, MD WVA
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Chase received his Bachelor's Degree in Sociology in 2006 at the Shippensburg University, and his Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling from West Virginia University in 2009. He has 15 plus years of experience in the mental health field. In 2009 he was, and remains, certified as a Rehabilitation Counselor by Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification. He worked at Timber Ridge School (Winchester, VA) for 5 years providing case management, group interventions, crisis intervention, and assisting in treatment development for adolescent males.
Chase received his Bachelor's Degree in Sociology in 2006 at the Shippensburg University, and his Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling from West Virginia University in 2009. He has 15 plus years of experience in the mental health field. In 2009 he was, and remains, certified as a Rehabilitation Counselor by Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification. He worked at Timber Ridge School (Winchester, VA) for 5 years providing case management, group interventions, crisis intervention, and assisting in treatment development for adolescent males.
(540) 592-4723 View (540) 592-4723
Photo of Ceres Artico Ph. D., PhD, LPC, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ceres Artico Ph. D.
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
(703) 947-0838 View (703) 947-0838
Photo of Karen Cebula, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Cebula
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
Not accepting new clients
The decision to begin therapy can be a difficult one. That's why my goal is to provide a safe and comfortable atmosphere where individuals can engage in exploration that leads to growth and positive change. I do this by incorporating a laid back style with the philosophy that therapy cannot be one size fits all and needs to be tailored to each individual client. It's then clients will be able to discover what impacts their lives, learn to understand their emotions and develop a new found sense of self awareness.
The decision to begin therapy can be a difficult one. That's why my goal is to provide a safe and comfortable atmosphere where individuals can engage in exploration that leads to growth and positive change. I do this by incorporating a laid back style with the philosophy that therapy cannot be one size fits all and needs to be tailored to each individual client. It's then clients will be able to discover what impacts their lives, learn to understand their emotions and develop a new found sense of self awareness.
(352) 900-3038 View (352) 900-3038
Photo of Shaakira Simmonds, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shaakira Simmonds
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Welcome to the first step in pursuing a different you. We endure several challenges on a daily basis and various life experiences which could cause increased irritability, difficulty sleeping, sadness, and anger which may bring about feelings of worry, anxiety or depression. Let's talk about how we can work through challenges, focus on healing and growth. There is hope and power in therapeutic recovery with the support of a licensed professional. I work with parents, young adults and college students who are adjusting to life. Let's collaboratively start the journey of renewal.
Welcome to the first step in pursuing a different you. We endure several challenges on a daily basis and various life experiences which could cause increased irritability, difficulty sleeping, sadness, and anger which may bring about feelings of worry, anxiety or depression. Let's talk about how we can work through challenges, focus on healing and growth. There is hope and power in therapeutic recovery with the support of a licensed professional. I work with parents, young adults and college students who are adjusting to life. Let's collaboratively start the journey of renewal.
(571) 450-9898 View (571) 450-9898
Photo of Tiffany Tait, MS, ASDI
Tiffany Tait
Resident in Counseling, MS, ASDI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Currently accepting adult new clients using virtual/teletherapy for support with career counseling, personality disorders, schizophrenia, phobias, bipolar disorder, trauma, anxiety, depression, couples/family counseling, relationship/intimacy dysfunction, establishing healthy boundaries, assertive communication skills, Autism Spectrum Disorder
Currently accepting adult new clients using virtual/teletherapy for support with career counseling, personality disorders, schizophrenia, phobias, bipolar disorder, trauma, anxiety, depression, couples/family counseling, relationship/intimacy dysfunction, establishing healthy boundaries, assertive communication skills, Autism Spectrum Disorder
(571) 517-1794 View (571) 517-1794
Photo of Kai Allen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kai Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Kai Allen is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2015. She I received her undergraduate degree in Psychology from Hampton University (an HBCU) and received her Master's degree in Social Work from Columbia University in New York City. Kai's approach to therapy is focused on empathy and a solutions-based mindset. She offers a warm and nonjudgmental space (with humor thrown in there) to help clients feel comfortable, heard, seen, and supported as they learn skills to help manage their mental health.
Kai Allen is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2015. She I received her undergraduate degree in Psychology from Hampton University (an HBCU) and received her Master's degree in Social Work from Columbia University in New York City. Kai's approach to therapy is focused on empathy and a solutions-based mindset. She offers a warm and nonjudgmental space (with humor thrown in there) to help clients feel comfortable, heard, seen, and supported as they learn skills to help manage their mental health.
(571) 570-3238 View (571) 570-3238
Photo of Elena Monti, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elena Monti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Elena Monti, LCSW Elena Monti is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2006. Elena feels developing a connection with the client is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic relationship. The client is then the expert about their life where Elena can offer support and guidance through the therapeutic process. By utilizing empowerment, strengths, and cognitive-behavioral strategies, she can assist the client in developing a plan and reaching their goals. Elena loves to travel and see new places, especially tropical destinations.
Elena Monti, LCSW Elena Monti is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia who has been practicing since 2006. Elena feels developing a connection with the client is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic relationship. The client is then the expert about their life where Elena can offer support and guidance through the therapeutic process. By utilizing empowerment, strengths, and cognitive-behavioral strategies, she can assist the client in developing a plan and reaching their goals. Elena loves to travel and see new places, especially tropical destinations.
(571) 946-7823 View (571) 946-7823
Photo of Kendra Chisolm - iHeal Wellness Therapy and Consulting, LLC, LCSW, CSAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
iHeal Wellness Therapy and Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Are you dealing with stress, relationship issues, mood disorders, career/professional concerns, or life transitions? Are you feeling overwhelmed and imbalanced? When this happens, everything else suffers from your personal to your professional life, including how you feel. You may find it challenging to find the right therapist who can help you heal. Just know that you are not alone. It can be difficult to seek therapy, especially if you tried it before and felt like it didn't work. “One size does not fit all.” Our approaches are tailored to the needs of each individual to help you find long lasting solutions. We can help.
Are you dealing with stress, relationship issues, mood disorders, career/professional concerns, or life transitions? Are you feeling overwhelmed and imbalanced? When this happens, everything else suffers from your personal to your professional life, including how you feel. You may find it challenging to find the right therapist who can help you heal. Just know that you are not alone. It can be difficult to seek therapy, especially if you tried it before and felt like it didn't work. “One size does not fit all.” Our approaches are tailored to the needs of each individual to help you find long lasting solutions. We can help.
(855) 309-8275 View (855) 309-8275
Photo of Lora Delos Reyes, MA, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lora Delos Reyes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
When we look back at our lives, there are often identifiable moments that shape the direction life takes next. Sometimes these moments come as an opportunity - a person who genuinely sees and unconditionally accepts you - or a choice. These moments can often alter the path of life. Too often people are mislabeled, overlooked, and forgotten, and their behaviors reflect as much. I hope to create a place for people to see and be seen as they wish themselves to be. My goal is to create a safe haven for you to Overcome barriers, Nurture relationships, and Empower yourself to take ownership and control of your life.
When we look back at our lives, there are often identifiable moments that shape the direction life takes next. Sometimes these moments come as an opportunity - a person who genuinely sees and unconditionally accepts you - or a choice. These moments can often alter the path of life. Too often people are mislabeled, overlooked, and forgotten, and their behaviors reflect as much. I hope to create a place for people to see and be seen as they wish themselves to be. My goal is to create a safe haven for you to Overcome barriers, Nurture relationships, and Empower yourself to take ownership and control of your life.
(571) 445-5195 View (571) 445-5195
Photo of Lorrie L Beyerl - Gainesville Professional Counseling Center, LPC, LCSW, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gainesville Professional Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
We realize that this past year has been overwhelming for everyone. We are here to help support you while we all continue to try to navigate uncharted waters. We want to help you find balance in your life.
We realize that this past year has been overwhelming for everyone. We are here to help support you while we all continue to try to navigate uncharted waters. We want to help you find balance in your life.
(571) 261-1921 View (571) 261-1921
Photo of Crystal Simpson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Crystal Simpson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Life is a journey that is individualized but does not have to be walked alone. There are challenges that we face on our path that can be overwhelming. At various moments of our life we just need that helping hand to guide, redirect, motivate, listen, or enlighten a perspective for change so we may overcome a situation. Life is unpredictable and seldom goes as planned. With change, comes new decisions and then follows the need for purposeful action. I utilize various modalities and treatment approaches that is a "best fit" for my client's individualized journey in life.
Life is a journey that is individualized but does not have to be walked alone. There are challenges that we face on our path that can be overwhelming. At various moments of our life we just need that helping hand to guide, redirect, motivate, listen, or enlighten a perspective for change so we may overcome a situation. Life is unpredictable and seldom goes as planned. With change, comes new decisions and then follows the need for purposeful action. I utilize various modalities and treatment approaches that is a "best fit" for my client's individualized journey in life.
(703) 348-9846 View (703) 348-9846
Photo of Robin Raniero Norris, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Robin Raniero Norris
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
***Currently accepting new clients for telehealth sessions.*** Are you experiencing a situation in which emotions are slowing down your regular process? Is your marriage struggling right now? Do you need a space to strategic plan about a challenging event without those around you knowing? I can help you regain your footing to complete the goals that you had or new ones you would like to establish. My specialties are emotions, finances, and the mental health of people. My knowledge and referral/resource system is extensive and global.
***Currently accepting new clients for telehealth sessions.*** Are you experiencing a situation in which emotions are slowing down your regular process? Is your marriage struggling right now? Do you need a space to strategic plan about a challenging event without those around you knowing? I can help you regain your footing to complete the goals that you had or new ones you would like to establish. My specialties are emotions, finances, and the mental health of people. My knowledge and referral/resource system is extensive and global.
(571) 512-3804 View (571) 512-3804
Photo of Stephanie Walker Crowe, MS, LPC, NBCC, ACS, LCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Walker Crowe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NBCC, ACS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Passion and empathy combine to allow me to help many incredible people affirm their strengths and overcome obstacles. Developing a genuine rapport with the clients served is also essential to their success. A firm believer that we are all capable of amazing feats, I feel strongly that, at times, we just need help to gain clarity. Along with educational and practical experience, the realization that each client has an individual perspective and distinct set of circumstances enables the facilitation of many concerns ranging from everyday life stressors, to depression, anxiety, and many other mental health and behavioral concerns.
Passion and empathy combine to allow me to help many incredible people affirm their strengths and overcome obstacles. Developing a genuine rapport with the clients served is also essential to their success. A firm believer that we are all capable of amazing feats, I feel strongly that, at times, we just need help to gain clarity. Along with educational and practical experience, the realization that each client has an individual perspective and distinct set of circumstances enables the facilitation of many concerns ranging from everyday life stressors, to depression, anxiety, and many other mental health and behavioral concerns.
(703) 997-8546 View (703) 997-8546
Photo of Lydia Freeman, MSW, LMSW
Lydia Freeman
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gainesville, VA 20155
I am passionate about helping others identify their strengths and feel confident in conquering life and the many challenges we face daily. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse, personality disorders, life transitions, communication, and relationship problems.
I am passionate about helping others identify their strengths and feel confident in conquering life and the many challenges we face daily. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse, personality disorders, life transitions, communication, and relationship problems.
(571) 517-1371 View (571) 517-1371
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Gainesville, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Gainesville, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
68% Coping Skills
67% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
65% Trauma and PTSD
60% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Elevance
80% BlueCross and BlueShield
63% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Gainesville, VA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Gainesville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.