Therapists in Apple Valley, MN

Photo of Nafiso Hassan Fiqi, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nafiso Hassan Fiqi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124  (Online Only)
You don't have to face life's difficulties by yourself. With caring assistance and proven therapeutic methods, I'm ready to join you on the path to recovery and positive change. In our collaborative work, we can explore the intricacies of your inner experiences and help you develop the strength to create the life you truly want. My role is to provide a supportive presence and effective strategies so you can heal, grow, and flourish. As a therapist, I am aware of how intimidating it can be to ask for help. My strategy is based on cooperation, respect, and empathy. I offer a secure environment where you are free to explore your ideas
You don't have to face life's difficulties by yourself. With caring assistance and proven therapeutic methods, I'm ready to join you on the path to recovery and positive change. In our collaborative work, we can explore the intricacies of your inner experiences and help you develop the strength to create the life you truly want. My role is to provide a supportive presence and effective strategies so you can heal, grow, and flourish. As a therapist, I am aware of how intimidating it can be to ask for help. My strategy is based on cooperation, respect, and empathy. I offer a secure environment where you are free to explore your ideas
(651) 413-3297 View (651) 413-3297
Photo of Shannon Pollreis, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shannon Pollreis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Do you identify as LGBTQIA+ and/or have non-traditional relationship dynamics? Do you feel disconnected from your partner(s) or self? We can navigate the barriers which prevent you from having the connections you desire with others and yourself. Do you respond in ways that you just don't understand and feel out of your control at times? Let's work together to understand and change patterns which no longer serve you. Are you unsure of the path you are on and want to embark on a journey that matches with your authentic self, but first need to figure out what that means to you? I can help guide you in self exploration.
Do you identify as LGBTQIA+ and/or have non-traditional relationship dynamics? Do you feel disconnected from your partner(s) or self? We can navigate the barriers which prevent you from having the connections you desire with others and yourself. Do you respond in ways that you just don't understand and feel out of your control at times? Let's work together to understand and change patterns which no longer serve you. Are you unsure of the path you are on and want to embark on a journey that matches with your authentic self, but first need to figure out what that means to you? I can help guide you in self exploration.
(651) 615-2831 View (651) 615-2831
Photo of Kristine Lynam, LICSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristine Lynam
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Kristine is a licensed clinical social worker with over twenty years of experience working with pregnant and postpartum parents. Nurturing Roots Mental Health was created to provide supportive, attuned perinatal mental health care with a personal approach. We believe therapy should be a calming space where you can breathe, feel, think and nurture the whole person just as you are.
Kristine is a licensed clinical social worker with over twenty years of experience working with pregnant and postpartum parents. Nurturing Roots Mental Health was created to provide supportive, attuned perinatal mental health care with a personal approach. We believe therapy should be a calming space where you can breathe, feel, think and nurture the whole person just as you are.
(651) 372-2284 View (651) 372-2284
Photo of Sarah Comfort, MA, LPCC
Sarah Comfort
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
My focus is on supporting children, adolescents and adults who are struggling with mental health issues as well as those going through life transitions. I am familiar with the challenges that students face, both socially and academically. I enjoy helping those who would like to work through their challenges with ADHD, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, relationship issues and mood disorders.
My focus is on supporting children, adolescents and adults who are struggling with mental health issues as well as those going through life transitions. I am familiar with the challenges that students face, both socially and academically. I enjoy helping those who would like to work through their challenges with ADHD, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, relationship issues and mood disorders.
(651) 370-9246 View (651) 370-9246
Photo of Cynthia Peterson, MAC, MA, LP, LPCC, RPT-S, Psychologist
Cynthia Peterson
Psychologist, MAC, MA, LP, LPCC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
I have been in the counseling and psychology field for the past 20 years. I know that it is difficult to ask for help. However, people sometimes need additional support beyond their family and friends. I work with, adults and adolescents that experience low self-esteem, relationship problems, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, addiction, trauma, and have trouble regulating their emotions. If you are a parent looking for services for your child, I am a registered play therapist and I will work with your child to resolve fears, worries, sadness, and build healthy esteem and assist you in providing on-going support to your child.
I have been in the counseling and psychology field for the past 20 years. I know that it is difficult to ask for help. However, people sometimes need additional support beyond their family and friends. I work with, adults and adolescents that experience low self-esteem, relationship problems, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, addiction, trauma, and have trouble regulating their emotions. If you are a parent looking for services for your child, I am a registered play therapist and I will work with your child to resolve fears, worries, sadness, and build healthy esteem and assist you in providing on-going support to your child.
(952) 479-5112 View (952) 479-5112
Photo of Joshua Olayiwola, MA, LPCC
Joshua Olayiwola
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
I'm Josh Olayiwola. Hi there. I'm excited to see you visit my page and take a significant step in your health. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), having worked in both clinical and school settings. Further, I'm pursuing CMPC through the Association for Applied Sports Psychology (AASP). Do you anxioutime? Perhaps you are depressed more often than not? Maybe you have trouble focusing. Or maybe you suffer from sports performance anxiety as a high school or collegiate athlete. You've come to the correct page! As you journey through the highs and lows of life, I'm excited to walk alongside you.
I'm Josh Olayiwola. Hi there. I'm excited to see you visit my page and take a significant step in your health. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), having worked in both clinical and school settings. Further, I'm pursuing CMPC through the Association for Applied Sports Psychology (AASP). Do you anxioutime? Perhaps you are depressed more often than not? Maybe you have trouble focusing. Or maybe you suffer from sports performance anxiety as a high school or collegiate athlete. You've come to the correct page! As you journey through the highs and lows of life, I'm excited to walk alongside you.
(651) 615-9691 View (651) 615-9691
Photo of Emily Valentine, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Valentine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Do you feel like you have to fight your own brain to get through the day? So many people feel like they’re a fish out of water, or like they didn’t get the manual to life that everyone else seems to have memorized. This can be really frustrating, and a really isolating experience. Many times navigating the emotions that come with this experience can add a whole other layer to that struggle, and nobody deserves to struggle with that alone. Having the skills to navigate anxiety, stress, and trauma can help people feel reconnected to those around them and help them build the life they always wanted.
Do you feel like you have to fight your own brain to get through the day? So many people feel like they’re a fish out of water, or like they didn’t get the manual to life that everyone else seems to have memorized. This can be really frustrating, and a really isolating experience. Many times navigating the emotions that come with this experience can add a whole other layer to that struggle, and nobody deserves to struggle with that alone. Having the skills to navigate anxiety, stress, and trauma can help people feel reconnected to those around them and help them build the life they always wanted.
(612) 405-8939 View (612) 405-8939
Photo of Tori Shinners, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tori Shinners
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Tori meets with adolescent and adult clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma and attachment concerns, and adjustment concerns. Clients meet with Tori for help addressing these concerns and setting goals that are in line with their values. Benefits clients have gained from working with Tori include increasing cognitive flexibility and present moment awareness. Tori enjoys helping clients build these skills in order to improve their mental wellbeing.
Tori meets with adolescent and adult clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma and attachment concerns, and adjustment concerns. Clients meet with Tori for help addressing these concerns and setting goals that are in line with their values. Benefits clients have gained from working with Tori include increasing cognitive flexibility and present moment awareness. Tori enjoys helping clients build these skills in order to improve their mental wellbeing.
(651) 362-4254 View (651) 362-4254
Photo of Jessica Parker, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica Parker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Not accepting new clients
"The way out is through" - Robert Frost. As human beings navigating this complex world, we often avoid problems as a form of self-protection. In order to find more contentment in our lives, it is essential that we face our difficulties in a safe environment. I enjoy working with adults struggling with self-esteem, addictive behaviors, self-care, life-transitions, childhood trauma, parenting/step-parenting, relationship issues and more. I utilize an empathetic, genuine and kind approach in session creating a safe space for people to work through and explore their difficulties.
"The way out is through" - Robert Frost. As human beings navigating this complex world, we often avoid problems as a form of self-protection. In order to find more contentment in our lives, it is essential that we face our difficulties in a safe environment. I enjoy working with adults struggling with self-esteem, addictive behaviors, self-care, life-transitions, childhood trauma, parenting/step-parenting, relationship issues and more. I utilize an empathetic, genuine and kind approach in session creating a safe space for people to work through and explore their difficulties.
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Photo of Princess Gehyigon-Wallace - BalanZen Clinic, DNP, APRN
BalanZen Clinic
DNP, APRN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Are you grappling with trauma, emotional challenges, or enduring mental health issues? Are you open to delving into your feelings and thoughts within a non-judgmental setting, committed to effecting positive change? Do you aspire to develop emotional management skills and foster healthier relationships with yourself and others? At BalanZen, we offer tailored treatment plans utilizing evidence-based practices for individuals, children, and loved ones.
Are you grappling with trauma, emotional challenges, or enduring mental health issues? Are you open to delving into your feelings and thoughts within a non-judgmental setting, committed to effecting positive change? Do you aspire to develop emotional management skills and foster healthier relationships with yourself and others? At BalanZen, we offer tailored treatment plans utilizing evidence-based practices for individuals, children, and loved ones.
(651) 615-0621 View (651) 615-0621
Photo of Tamera Mensink, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tamera Mensink
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Does depression or trauma hold you back? Do you want to live a more fulfilling life? Are you a person who struggles with hopelessness, anxiety, stress and sadness? Your life can be more fulfilling and hopeful.Are you a veteran and feel like there is no help for you? You can get rid of your emotional pain and lead a happy and pain-free life from past trauma and abuse.I can offer you hope by treating your depression and anxiety and counseling you on your trauma issues. It will change the way you feel about life, your relationships, and yourself.
Does depression or trauma hold you back? Do you want to live a more fulfilling life? Are you a person who struggles with hopelessness, anxiety, stress and sadness? Your life can be more fulfilling and hopeful.Are you a veteran and feel like there is no help for you? You can get rid of your emotional pain and lead a happy and pain-free life from past trauma and abuse.I can offer you hope by treating your depression and anxiety and counseling you on your trauma issues. It will change the way you feel about life, your relationships, and yourself.
(651) 504-3788 View (651) 504-3788
Photo of Edward Daniel Meehan, MSW, LICSW, IFS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Edward Daniel Meehan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, IFS
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
I am currently waitlisted about 9-10 weeks for new patients. I use an Internal Family Systems (IFS) approach to psychotherapy. I am enthusiastic and passionate about the IFS model and adhere to the belief that there are no bad parts of ourselves, just parts we haven’t had the chance to become friends with yet. As an IFS therapist, I assist my clients with restoring harmony in their inner family systems through Self-leadership. The goal of IFS therapy is to assist parts in relaxing from extreme roles (reducing mental health symptoms and challenging behaviors) and to heal from our past experiences (trauma, shame, 'burdens').
I am currently waitlisted about 9-10 weeks for new patients. I use an Internal Family Systems (IFS) approach to psychotherapy. I am enthusiastic and passionate about the IFS model and adhere to the belief that there are no bad parts of ourselves, just parts we haven’t had the chance to become friends with yet. As an IFS therapist, I assist my clients with restoring harmony in their inner family systems through Self-leadership. The goal of IFS therapy is to assist parts in relaxing from extreme roles (reducing mental health symptoms and challenging behaviors) and to heal from our past experiences (trauma, shame, 'burdens').
(952) 230-1646 View (952) 230-1646
Photo of Amy Lee, MA, LADC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LADC, LPC
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
It's time. Time to make yourself a priority. Time to discover your needs. Time to feel better. Life can get complicated and messy sometimes and if you put others' needs before your own you may get lost. You deserve to be listened to and to feel understood.
It's time. Time to make yourself a priority. Time to discover your needs. Time to feel better. Life can get complicated and messy sometimes and if you put others' needs before your own you may get lost. You deserve to be listened to and to feel understood.
(651) 401-4921 View (651) 401-4921
Photo of Mary L Bauer, MA, MHP, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Mary L Bauer
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, MHP, LADC
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124  (Online Only)
I have immediate openings. Hello, my name is Mary Bauer. I am Psychotherapist and Licensed Substance Use Professional who has been in the business for about 20 years. I specialize in depression, stress/anxiety, anger, alcohol and/or drug problems, individual, family, financial problems, child/teen problems, and couple problems, or just feeling lonely. I will do face to face as needed in Fridley where office is located or we make arrangements for face to face. I take insurance and private pay. I would love to help you with your struggles.
I have immediate openings. Hello, my name is Mary Bauer. I am Psychotherapist and Licensed Substance Use Professional who has been in the business for about 20 years. I specialize in depression, stress/anxiety, anger, alcohol and/or drug problems, individual, family, financial problems, child/teen problems, and couple problems, or just feeling lonely. I will do face to face as needed in Fridley where office is located or we make arrangements for face to face. I take insurance and private pay. I would love to help you with your struggles.
(651) 409-4079 View (651) 409-4079
Kimberly Rashell Hardy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who specializes in teaching effective communication, emotional regulation, coping skills, conflict resolution and interpersonal relationship skills. I provide therapy for individuals (pre-teens, teenagers, and adults), couples and families, to help promote and facilitate strong healthier relationships. I am passionate about having the opportunity to strengthen and empower clients, through mental, physical, and spiritual growth. I believe in a holistic approach, where individuals can gain what's needed to overcome life's obstacles, live healthier and impactful lives in positive ways.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who specializes in teaching effective communication, emotional regulation, coping skills, conflict resolution and interpersonal relationship skills. I provide therapy for individuals (pre-teens, teenagers, and adults), couples and families, to help promote and facilitate strong healthier relationships. I am passionate about having the opportunity to strengthen and empower clients, through mental, physical, and spiritual growth. I believe in a holistic approach, where individuals can gain what's needed to overcome life's obstacles, live healthier and impactful lives in positive ways.
(651) 615-6123 x503 View (651) 615-6123 x503
Photo of David Karan - Oak Ridge Center
Oak Ridge Center
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
We are a group of mental health professionals in a private practice setting, committed to providing high quality, compassionate and comprehensive psychiatric and psychological care. Our group includes Certified Nurse Practitioners, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselors and Licensed Clinical Social worker. Oak Ridge Center has been providing care in Apple Valley, Minnesota, to individuals in the Metro area since 2004.
We are a group of mental health professionals in a private practice setting, committed to providing high quality, compassionate and comprehensive psychiatric and psychological care. Our group includes Certified Nurse Practitioners, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselors and Licensed Clinical Social worker. Oak Ridge Center has been providing care in Apple Valley, Minnesota, to individuals in the Metro area since 2004.
(952) 431-6033 View (952) 431-6033
Photo of Judith Ann Richardson-Mahre, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Judith Ann Richardson-Mahre
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Are you going through a tough time, struggling with long-term mental illness, out-of-control kids, floundering relationships, or personal struggles that are affecting you and those around you? I can help! I can fully relate to the stress and joy of parenting and partnering in unique family situations. I’m passionate about working with individuals and families to identify their strengths and struggles and then expanding & exploiting those strengths to help you navigate through to happiness and joy.
Are you going through a tough time, struggling with long-term mental illness, out-of-control kids, floundering relationships, or personal struggles that are affecting you and those around you? I can help! I can fully relate to the stress and joy of parenting and partnering in unique family situations. I’m passionate about working with individuals and families to identify their strengths and struggles and then expanding & exploiting those strengths to help you navigate through to happiness and joy.
(651) 240-2878 View (651) 240-2878
Photo of Hosie Thurmond, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hosie Thurmond
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
I have worked with men suffering from substance abuse and mental health disorders at Park Avenue Treatment Center in Minneapolis, for approximately 10 years. I have over twenty years of experience working with the homeless populations in the Twin Cities. I believe in the Person Centered Therapy, and Adlerian Therapy philosophy approaches of community, optimism, and hope. This fosters my belief in the resiliency and the growth of individuals. I also use Cognitive Behavioral techniques for self-awareness.
I have worked with men suffering from substance abuse and mental health disorders at Park Avenue Treatment Center in Minneapolis, for approximately 10 years. I have over twenty years of experience working with the homeless populations in the Twin Cities. I believe in the Person Centered Therapy, and Adlerian Therapy philosophy approaches of community, optimism, and hope. This fosters my belief in the resiliency and the growth of individuals. I also use Cognitive Behavioral techniques for self-awareness.
(651) 571-8256 View (651) 571-8256
Photo of Madison Simon (Hoffman), MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Madison Simon (Hoffman)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
I am immensely passionate about holding space for people to process through their own unique journey. I strive to create a nonjudgmental and comfortable space where people feel seen and heard. My goal is to understand people's experience from their perspective. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client is an essential tool for growth. I work with a wide range of individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, and navigating through life transitions. I have a background working as a hospice social worker where I provided counseling to those at the end of life and their loved ones
I am immensely passionate about holding space for people to process through their own unique journey. I strive to create a nonjudgmental and comfortable space where people feel seen and heard. My goal is to understand people's experience from their perspective. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client is an essential tool for growth. I work with a wide range of individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, and navigating through life transitions. I have a background working as a hospice social worker where I provided counseling to those at the end of life and their loved ones
(651) 615-9437 View (651) 615-9437
Photo of Heather Hartwig, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Hartwig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124
I believe that every one of us is trying our best and sometimes we need help from a professional to offer us additional perspective. Each one of us is the expert in our own lives, but we do not always see the water we are swimming in that might be causing us distress. Therapy is a collaborative process where we explore what works best for you. I would love to partner with you to help you find your way forward.
I believe that every one of us is trying our best and sometimes we need help from a professional to offer us additional perspective. Each one of us is the expert in our own lives, but we do not always see the water we are swimming in that might be causing us distress. Therapy is a collaborative process where we explore what works best for you. I would love to partner with you to help you find your way forward.
(651) 564-9527 View (651) 564-9527

See more therapy options for Apple Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Apple Valley, MN

100+

Average cost per session

$157

Therapists in Apple Valley, MN who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
82% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Aetna
75% Optum

How Therapists in Apple Valley, MN see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Apple Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.