Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Noelle Deseno, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Noelle Deseno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60630  (Online Only)
Noelle is a Licensed Social Worker who has experience working with both children and adults from varied backgrounds. She is patient, caring and thoughtful and will assist clients in reaching their goals. Noelle creates a safe and supportive space for clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Noelle is a Licensed Social Worker who has experience working with both children and adults from varied backgrounds. She is patient, caring and thoughtful and will assist clients in reaching their goals. Noelle creates a safe and supportive space for clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
(773) 839-3924 View (773) 839-3924
Photo of Gabriella Bonucci, MA, LPC-C, Pre-Licensed Professional
Gabriella Bonucci
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC-C
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
The stories of our lives are made up of connections and strengths as well as challenges. I will walk alongside you through the processing of these hardships in a journey towards healing and growth. I work to create a safe, non-judgemental space with an empathetic and collaborative approach. I believe in empowerment, authenticity, and honesty to foster insight into patterns and progress towards the goals you seek to achieve.
The stories of our lives are made up of connections and strengths as well as challenges. I will walk alongside you through the processing of these hardships in a journey towards healing and growth. I work to create a safe, non-judgemental space with an empathetic and collaborative approach. I believe in empowerment, authenticity, and honesty to foster insight into patterns and progress towards the goals you seek to achieve.
(872) 246-8640 View (872) 246-8640
Photo of Najila Harris, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Najila Harris
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, I hold a strong belief in the effectiveness of therapy to empower individuals, cultivate self-awareness, and facilitate meaningful personal growth. My ideal client is someone earnestly seeking support through life's challenges, possibly grappling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, especially adolescents and adults. They seek a safe space to explore thoughts and emotions, aiming to empower themselves, build self-awareness, and develop coping strategies. They value evidence-based therapy and are motivated to improve their well-being and quality of life through the therapeutic process.
As a therapist, I hold a strong belief in the effectiveness of therapy to empower individuals, cultivate self-awareness, and facilitate meaningful personal growth. My ideal client is someone earnestly seeking support through life's challenges, possibly grappling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, especially adolescents and adults. They seek a safe space to explore thoughts and emotions, aiming to empower themselves, build self-awareness, and develop coping strategies. They value evidence-based therapy and are motivated to improve their well-being and quality of life through the therapeutic process.
(708) 726-9395 View (708) 726-9395
Photo of Alexandra Milbourn, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alexandra Milbourn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60654
At times everyone experiences difficulties they cannot overcome through their usual means of coping and problem-solving. I can help you move forward by understanding patterns in your past experiences, relationships, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as how they contribute to your current symptoms and concerns. My goal is to empower you, and help you develop adaptive skills so you can make the changes you want. I am passionate about helping adults, adolescents and children find effective and realistic solutions to trauma related symptoms that reflect their individual personality.
At times everyone experiences difficulties they cannot overcome through their usual means of coping and problem-solving. I can help you move forward by understanding patterns in your past experiences, relationships, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as how they contribute to your current symptoms and concerns. My goal is to empower you, and help you develop adaptive skills so you can make the changes you want. I am passionate about helping adults, adolescents and children find effective and realistic solutions to trauma related symptoms that reflect their individual personality.
(312) 874-5358 View (312) 874-5358
Photo of Franki Catinella, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Franki Catinella
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
I work with individuals who present with a variety of issues including navigating/exploring gender and sexuality, anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, substance use, relationship issues within monogamous and multiple partner relationships (polyamory, consensual non-monogamy), and life-stage adjustment. I trust in the importance of therapeutic rapport and creating safe, trusting, non-judgmental environments. Working together in a safe environment, I aid you in restoring hope and facilitate healing by helping you discover how to cope with day-to-day stressors, including environmental strains and life transitions.
I work with individuals who present with a variety of issues including navigating/exploring gender and sexuality, anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, substance use, relationship issues within monogamous and multiple partner relationships (polyamory, consensual non-monogamy), and life-stage adjustment. I trust in the importance of therapeutic rapport and creating safe, trusting, non-judgmental environments. Working together in a safe environment, I aid you in restoring hope and facilitate healing by helping you discover how to cope with day-to-day stressors, including environmental strains and life transitions.
(773) 207-2122 View (773) 207-2122
Photo of Karen S Adler, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen S Adler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Experienced, well-respected Masters level psychotherapist with 30 years of clinical experience, Self Acceptance Training, and coaching clients to experience and transform themselves. Ethical, humanistic, results/goal-oriented; experienced in helping men and women to function at their highest level.
Experienced, well-respected Masters level psychotherapist with 30 years of clinical experience, Self Acceptance Training, and coaching clients to experience and transform themselves. Ethical, humanistic, results/goal-oriented; experienced in helping men and women to function at their highest level.
(312) 380-0644 View (312) 380-0644
Photo of Alexa Frenn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexa Frenn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615  (Online Only)
My therapeutic style combines validation, investigation, and a collaborative strengths-based approach. Together, we'll explore your internal experiences and emotions, using tools like breathing exercises, practicing self-affirmations to promote growth, and building capacity to feed each of your emotions. All in all, I take the approach that we are not here to “get rid of our emotions” but rather build a partnership with them. To walk through life with them rather than against them. If this journey sounds promising then I think I could be the therapist for you!
My therapeutic style combines validation, investigation, and a collaborative strengths-based approach. Together, we'll explore your internal experiences and emotions, using tools like breathing exercises, practicing self-affirmations to promote growth, and building capacity to feed each of your emotions. All in all, I take the approach that we are not here to “get rid of our emotions” but rather build a partnership with them. To walk through life with them rather than against them. If this journey sounds promising then I think I could be the therapist for you!
(872) 259-7121 View (872) 259-7121
Photo of Dori Bowling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dori Bowling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60628
Hello, I am Dori Bowling, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with nearly 15 years of clinical practice and supervision of other clinicians. I often work with clients that suffer from mood, anxiety, and mild substance abuse issues. I draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Person-Centered Therapy, and with couples, I use the Gottman Method. I am a client-centered therapist, so my main goal is to meet you where you are and support you through the change process. No one knows you better than you do, but sometimes you just need a little help figuring it all out.
Hello, I am Dori Bowling, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with nearly 15 years of clinical practice and supervision of other clinicians. I often work with clients that suffer from mood, anxiety, and mild substance abuse issues. I draw from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Person-Centered Therapy, and with couples, I use the Gottman Method. I am a client-centered therapist, so my main goal is to meet you where you are and support you through the change process. No one knows you better than you do, but sometimes you just need a little help figuring it all out.
(217) 335-4680 View (217) 335-4680
Photo of Andrea Lissuzzo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Lissuzzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60659
As a licensed clinical social worker with 25 years of experience in mental health, I have worked with a variety of populations in multiple settings, including outpatient, inpatient, residential, judicial, and educational. As a psychiatric social worker for a large medical system, I provided direct service to individuals struggling with a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, stress, and relationship and parenting issues. My collaborative, problem-solving approach to working with clients helps them better understand, navigate, and overcome the challenges of life.
As a licensed clinical social worker with 25 years of experience in mental health, I have worked with a variety of populations in multiple settings, including outpatient, inpatient, residential, judicial, and educational. As a psychiatric social worker for a large medical system, I provided direct service to individuals struggling with a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, stress, and relationship and parenting issues. My collaborative, problem-solving approach to working with clients helps them better understand, navigate, and overcome the challenges of life.
(773) 912-0146 View (773) 912-0146
Photo of Jessica Ransom - Dr. Jessica Ransom and Associates LLC, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Jessica Ransom and Associates LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
As a Prescribing Psychologist, I have the unique privilege to treat the totality of my patient's symptoms and fully support them along the way. I believe with the right support, each person can enhance his or her own interpersonal relationships. And sometimes, medication is a great option to enhance the progress made in therapy. I practice unconditional positive regard and attempt to balance humor with the occasional, yet necessary, curse word. Psychotherapy and psychopharmacology should not be a mystery and I try to make the process as comfortable and as real as possible.
As a Prescribing Psychologist, I have the unique privilege to treat the totality of my patient's symptoms and fully support them along the way. I believe with the right support, each person can enhance his or her own interpersonal relationships. And sometimes, medication is a great option to enhance the progress made in therapy. I practice unconditional positive regard and attempt to balance humor with the occasional, yet necessary, curse word. Psychotherapy and psychopharmacology should not be a mystery and I try to make the process as comfortable and as real as possible.
(773) 800-1510 View (773) 800-1510
Photo of Ramya Matam-Kannan, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ramya Matam-Kannan
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Dealing with life transitions? Then I'm the therapist for you! I understand the importance of the therapy relationship and meet my clients with my genuine and authentic self. I strongly believe in "walking the walk" and would not assist or advise others to do anything that I have not done myself. I believe in empowering my clients and walking along side them during their healing journey.
Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Dealing with life transitions? Then I'm the therapist for you! I understand the importance of the therapy relationship and meet my clients with my genuine and authentic self. I strongly believe in "walking the walk" and would not assist or advise others to do anything that I have not done myself. I believe in empowering my clients and walking along side them during their healing journey.
(312) 561-4326 View (312) 561-4326
Photo of Jennifer Warner, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Warner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Asking for help is one of the strongest things you can do, but it can also be one of the hardest because of past experience of not being heard, believed, or supported. Extreme stressors and traumatic events - including new or ongoing health conditions - affect every aspect of our lives and can make relationships - with family, friends, colleagues, and even healthcare providers - very challenging. The impact of these events can make us feel isolated, misunderstood, and unsupported (even by the well-intentioned). They can lead us to make choices we aren't proud of and limit our enjoyment of life in general.
Asking for help is one of the strongest things you can do, but it can also be one of the hardest because of past experience of not being heard, believed, or supported. Extreme stressors and traumatic events - including new or ongoing health conditions - affect every aspect of our lives and can make relationships - with family, friends, colleagues, and even healthcare providers - very challenging. The impact of these events can make us feel isolated, misunderstood, and unsupported (even by the well-intentioned). They can lead us to make choices we aren't proud of and limit our enjoyment of life in general.
(312) 584-1771 View (312) 584-1771
Photo of Kate Lambie - Wild Hope Counseling, MA, LCPC
Wild Hope Counseling
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Kate’s goal is to bring a compassionate, and non-judgemental strong clinical background to meet clients where they are currently struggling. She can help facilitate and explore healthy ways to cope, accept, and move through difficult emotions that are keeping you stuck.
Kate’s goal is to bring a compassionate, and non-judgemental strong clinical background to meet clients where they are currently struggling. She can help facilitate and explore healthy ways to cope, accept, and move through difficult emotions that are keeping you stuck.
(815) 671-4795 View (815) 671-4795
Photo of Amanda Cutting (Emdr Therapist), LCPC, EMDR, ATR
Amanda Cutting (Emdr Therapist)
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, EMDR, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Are you struggling with authentically connecting with others and yourself? Do you often feel lost, isolated, rejected, abandoned, or riddled with self-doubt? Trauma and anxiety can have a profound impact on how we connect with others and ourselves. Our brains do a magnificent job of creating defense mechanisms to protect us during a crucial time of development and survival. When those defense mechanisms no longer serve us they can become obstacles in our lives and relationships, and can create damaging emotional patterns that leave us feeling lonely and misunderstood.
Are you struggling with authentically connecting with others and yourself? Do you often feel lost, isolated, rejected, abandoned, or riddled with self-doubt? Trauma and anxiety can have a profound impact on how we connect with others and ourselves. Our brains do a magnificent job of creating defense mechanisms to protect us during a crucial time of development and survival. When those defense mechanisms no longer serve us they can become obstacles in our lives and relationships, and can create damaging emotional patterns that leave us feeling lonely and misunderstood.
(773) 985-8159 View (773) 985-8159
Photo of Adam Hill, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Adam Hill
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
With the complexities in the world today, it can be tough to catch a breath, decompress, and process the events in our unique lives. As bandwidths are stretched thin, boundaries infiltrated, and burnout ever present, the pressures of our day-to-day lives can pile on top of each other, making it hard to find balance and reach our goals. These challenges do not need to be faced alone. If you are seeking support for anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, addiction, or grief, together we will create a safe and collaborative space to face these challenges head-on, guiding you to feel more empowered, centered, and fulfilled.
With the complexities in the world today, it can be tough to catch a breath, decompress, and process the events in our unique lives. As bandwidths are stretched thin, boundaries infiltrated, and burnout ever present, the pressures of our day-to-day lives can pile on top of each other, making it hard to find balance and reach our goals. These challenges do not need to be faced alone. If you are seeking support for anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, addiction, or grief, together we will create a safe and collaborative space to face these challenges head-on, guiding you to feel more empowered, centered, and fulfilled.
(708) 734-5938 View (708) 734-5938
Photo of Front Desk - Association for Multicultural Behavioral Health   , LCSW, LCPC, CADC, SAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Association for Multicultural Behavioral Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCPC, CADC, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60631
Association for Multicultural Behavioral Health is a multispecialty group practice providing counseling, psychotherapy, consultation, evaluations and assessment services for individuals, families, and organizations. Our goal is to help people of different ethnic and cultural groups to access mental health services in their native language.
Association for Multicultural Behavioral Health is a multispecialty group practice providing counseling, psychotherapy, consultation, evaluations and assessment services for individuals, families, and organizations. Our goal is to help people of different ethnic and cultural groups to access mental health services in their native language.
(773) 313-3757 View (773) 313-3757
Photo of Verline Gaddis - Just InJoy Counseling, PLLC, LCSW, CAMS-II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Just InJoy Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAMS-II
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643  (Online Only)
Women's issues, relationship issues, and pregnancy, prenatal, postpartum issues! Are you anxiously feeling like the weight of the world is on your shoulders? Experiencing sadness due to constantly taking care of others, but neglecting yourself. Are you tired of silencing your voice even when you yearn to be heard? Do you find yourself staring into the mirror, asking yourself one of life's most profound question, "Who am I?"
Women's issues, relationship issues, and pregnancy, prenatal, postpartum issues! Are you anxiously feeling like the weight of the world is on your shoulders? Experiencing sadness due to constantly taking care of others, but neglecting yourself. Are you tired of silencing your voice even when you yearn to be heard? Do you find yourself staring into the mirror, asking yourself one of life's most profound question, "Who am I?"
(773) 207-4593 View (773) 207-4593
Photo of Tamika Whitaker - Profound Peace Psychotherapy Collective, Pre-Licensed Professional
Profound Peace Psychotherapy Collective
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637
Sometimes life can present unexpected situations that you just aren't quite ready for. Not having support or guidance or knowing where to turn can feel lonely and discouraging. If you are looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging or difficult situation or are ready to move forward in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals.
Sometimes life can present unexpected situations that you just aren't quite ready for. Not having support or guidance or knowing where to turn can feel lonely and discouraging. If you are looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging or difficult situation or are ready to move forward in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals.
(872) 278-3828 View (872) 278-3828
Photo of Antonina (Nina) Lunetta, MA, LCPC, NCC, IMH-E
Antonina (Nina) Lunetta
MA, LCPC, NCC, IMH-E
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Relationships! We all have them, and at times, we all struggle with navigating them. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, I offer a relatable & validating space where I assist my clients in improving direct & healthy communication, setting personal and professional goals and boundaries, and identifying, processing, and addressing life obstacles as they arise. And hopefully a touch of humor too ;D Now accepting new clients - email for soonest availability. To read more about Antonina, go to: www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release-service/495366
Relationships! We all have them, and at times, we all struggle with navigating them. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, I offer a relatable & validating space where I assist my clients in improving direct & healthy communication, setting personal and professional goals and boundaries, and identifying, processing, and addressing life obstacles as they arise. And hopefully a touch of humor too ;D Now accepting new clients - email for soonest availability. To read more about Antonina, go to: www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release-service/495366
(312) 517-2940 View (312) 517-2940
Photo of Deepika Anand, PhD, Psychologist
Deepika Anand
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We all strive to live a life that is fulfilling and meaningful. However, we sometimes face obstacles to this goal - these may be intense anxiety and worry, deep sadness and loss of motivation, or the effect of traumatic experiences. Some struggle with stressful situations like difficult relationships or transitions. Often, the obstacles are hard to define leading to a trap of shame and self-doubt. As a therapist, I hope to guide and empower clients toward a life lived with meaning and self-compassion. I do this using evidence-based tools to help build effective behaviors and tolerate difficult emotions.
We all strive to live a life that is fulfilling and meaningful. However, we sometimes face obstacles to this goal - these may be intense anxiety and worry, deep sadness and loss of motivation, or the effect of traumatic experiences. Some struggle with stressful situations like difficult relationships or transitions. Often, the obstacles are hard to define leading to a trap of shame and self-doubt. As a therapist, I hope to guide and empower clients toward a life lived with meaning and self-compassion. I do this using evidence-based tools to help build effective behaviors and tolerate difficult emotions.
(872) 215-9449 View (872) 215-9449
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Life Transitions
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
63% Aetna
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.