Therapists in Louisville, KY

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Photo of Lisa Heller Bass, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Heller Bass
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
"The opportunity to help you broaden your ideas of who you are and what you can be is undeniably my greatest reward. Twenty eight years of practice has taught me a great deal about people and how to help them. Feelings of unworthiness, hopelessness, shame or incompetence literally can begin to steal away your ability to recognize yourself and see your own strength, resilience, courage and competence. I know that you can experience your life as successful. It is my absolute belief that you can. Where I come in is to help you regain your own healthy, change-producing abilities.
"The opportunity to help you broaden your ideas of who you are and what you can be is undeniably my greatest reward. Twenty eight years of practice has taught me a great deal about people and how to help them. Feelings of unworthiness, hopelessness, shame or incompetence literally can begin to steal away your ability to recognize yourself and see your own strength, resilience, courage and competence. I know that you can experience your life as successful. It is my absolute belief that you can. Where I come in is to help you regain your own healthy, change-producing abilities.
(502) 233-2612 View (502) 233-2612
Photo of James P Kassel, PsyD, Psychologist
James P Kassel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40223
I am a licensed psychologist whose clinical expertise includes over 30 years of experience working with individuals, couples and clergy. I have a master's degree in Counseling Psychology from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and a doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Spalding University.
I am a licensed psychologist whose clinical expertise includes over 30 years of experience working with individuals, couples and clergy. I have a master's degree in Counseling Psychology from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and a doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology from Spalding University.
(502) 519-0331 View (502) 519-0331
Photo of Stephanie Abernathy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Abernathy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40211  (Online Only)
I specialize in depression, anxiety, and grief, my passion lies on helping individuals navigate their most challenging emotional experiences. I understand the complexities of the human mind and have a deep commitment to providing compassionate support to those in need.
I specialize in depression, anxiety, and grief, my passion lies on helping individuals navigate their most challenging emotional experiences. I understand the complexities of the human mind and have a deep commitment to providing compassionate support to those in need.
(502) 215-3921 View (502) 215-3921
Photo of Teea Fullen-Barnes, MS, MA, LPCA, Counselor
Teea Fullen-Barnes
Counselor, MS, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Hi! - I'm here to help people become the happiest and healthiest versions of themselves. - My goal is to be of service, bring more awareness and destigmatize mental health for POC (People of Color). Advanced Perinatal Mental Health trained my goal is to also serve, support and educate Birthing POC on the availability of services prior to, throughout the pregnancy, into the postpartum period and beyond.
Hi! - I'm here to help people become the happiest and healthiest versions of themselves. - My goal is to be of service, bring more awareness and destigmatize mental health for POC (People of Color). Advanced Perinatal Mental Health trained my goal is to also serve, support and educate Birthing POC on the availability of services prior to, throughout the pregnancy, into the postpartum period and beyond.
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Photo of Dr. Rachel M Butler, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Rachel M Butler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m Dr. Rachel Butler, a Licensed Psychologist based in Louisville, Kentucky. I offer individual therapy sessions to help with a range of concerns and have particular expertise in anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image, obsessive compulsive disorder, and trauma. My style is warm, collaborative, empathetic, and acceptance-based. I love working with clients to help them confront their fears, identify what is keeping them stuck, and live a more meaningful, fulfilling life based on their values. My clients and I work as a team to identify their goals for our work together!
Welcome! I’m Dr. Rachel Butler, a Licensed Psychologist based in Louisville, Kentucky. I offer individual therapy sessions to help with a range of concerns and have particular expertise in anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body image, obsessive compulsive disorder, and trauma. My style is warm, collaborative, empathetic, and acceptance-based. I love working with clients to help them confront their fears, identify what is keeping them stuck, and live a more meaningful, fulfilling life based on their values. My clients and I work as a team to identify their goals for our work together!
(502) 237-6911 View (502) 237-6911
Photo of Oksana Zhurbich, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Oksana Zhurbich
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40241
Is your child experiencing high levels of anxiety? Does your child experience fear or have a hard time separating from their parents? Are they anxious in social situations or speaking in front of others? Have they ever been diagnosed with anxiety, panic, or OCD? Do you struggle with parenting an anxious child? If so, I can assist you. Visit www.kycards.com for more information.
Is your child experiencing high levels of anxiety? Does your child experience fear or have a hard time separating from their parents? Are they anxious in social situations or speaking in front of others? Have they ever been diagnosed with anxiety, panic, or OCD? Do you struggle with parenting an anxious child? If so, I can assist you. Visit www.kycards.com for more information.
(502) 230-4686 View (502) 230-4686
Photo of Ellyn Abdelghany Ramser, MFTA, BSFS, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ellyn Abdelghany Ramser
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFTA, BSFS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40223
We all experience challenges in our life, and sometimes we need support to make the changes we are seeking. I strive to walk side by side through challenging times with my clients, as we move through healing and seek the changes they desire in their lives. My theory of change is rooted in a humanistic approach to therapy that focuses on treating the whole person, and emphasizes the strengths of the client. I have experience working with families, children, adolescents, preteens, teenagers, and adults all with varying issues. I tend to lean into a family systems approach to therapy when working with families and individuals.
We all experience challenges in our life, and sometimes we need support to make the changes we are seeking. I strive to walk side by side through challenging times with my clients, as we move through healing and seek the changes they desire in their lives. My theory of change is rooted in a humanistic approach to therapy that focuses on treating the whole person, and emphasizes the strengths of the client. I have experience working with families, children, adolescents, preteens, teenagers, and adults all with varying issues. I tend to lean into a family systems approach to therapy when working with families and individuals.
(502) 427-7887 View (502) 427-7887
Photo of undefined - Destination Station , LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Destination Station
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40205  (Online Only)
Feeling Stressed, Anxious, Worried, Or Confused? Are you struggling to Cope in your day to day routine? Do you find yourself feeling as though you are existing rather than truly living? Honor your needs. Its okay to seek help and more than anything it's Courageous to do so! Congratulations for taking such a Huge step in your Journey and Pursuit of Wellness!
Feeling Stressed, Anxious, Worried, Or Confused? Are you struggling to Cope in your day to day routine? Do you find yourself feeling as though you are existing rather than truly living? Honor your needs. Its okay to seek help and more than anything it's Courageous to do so! Congratulations for taking such a Huge step in your Journey and Pursuit of Wellness!
(502) 427-6310 View (502) 427-6310
Photo of Karen Westbrooks, PhD, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Karen Westbrooks
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40299  (Online Only)
Even in the 21st century, "having issues" still carries a stigma. Therapists are here to help you make your life better, but we are still not fully understood by the public. I'm guilty of not understanding dentists. I went to the dentist "only when" the pain was so bad I couldn't stand it, or "only when" I had to have a tooth yanked. Only in mid-life, after years of misery, did I understand dentists as being real doctors. Now, I respect the connection between healthy gums and healthy heart and I spare myself the prolonged anguish.
Even in the 21st century, "having issues" still carries a stigma. Therapists are here to help you make your life better, but we are still not fully understood by the public. I'm guilty of not understanding dentists. I went to the dentist "only when" the pain was so bad I couldn't stand it, or "only when" I had to have a tooth yanked. Only in mid-life, after years of misery, did I understand dentists as being real doctors. Now, I respect the connection between healthy gums and healthy heart and I spare myself the prolonged anguish.
(502) 437-3534 View (502) 437-3534
Photo of Dan Wolverton, PhD, Psychologist
Dan Wolverton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
I combine excellent education/training (Stanford University; U of L; Palo Alto, California VA) with intelligence, heart, wisdom, and experience (23 years) to help you overcome suffering and achieve your unique goals. I work to understand and appreciate you deeply, in all your uniqueness, even as I bring the best of my human compassion and therapeutic skill to the task of helping you. Goals in our work together can include healing emotional suffering and trauma; calming stress, anxiety, and anger; overcoming loss, depression, and break-ups; resolving couple conflicts and miscommunication; and working to clarify your deeper life path and purpose.
I combine excellent education/training (Stanford University; U of L; Palo Alto, California VA) with intelligence, heart, wisdom, and experience (23 years) to help you overcome suffering and achieve your unique goals. I work to understand and appreciate you deeply, in all your uniqueness, even as I bring the best of my human compassion and therapeutic skill to the task of helping you. Goals in our work together can include healing emotional suffering and trauma; calming stress, anxiety, and anger; overcoming loss, depression, and break-ups; resolving couple conflicts and miscommunication; and working to clarify your deeper life path and purpose.
(502) 650-9253 View (502) 650-9253
Photo of undefined - Jaime Seelmeyer - Somatic & Energy Therapy, MEd, LPCC, Reiki, Yoga
Jaime Seelmeyer - Somatic & Energy Therapy
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, Reiki, Yoga
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40205  (Online Only)
I support clients who identify as sensitive, empathic, intuitive or creative. With a decade of experience providing trauma-focused support, I weave together talk therapy with somatic (body-focused) techniques, energy psychology, therapeutic meditation and energy therapies including reiki and shamanism. My approach supports the holistic self by meeting body, mind, emotion, energy and soul. We all experience ebbs and flows in life, times of thriving and times of struggle. Times of struggle can often manifest as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, or feeling disconnected from the true self.
I support clients who identify as sensitive, empathic, intuitive or creative. With a decade of experience providing trauma-focused support, I weave together talk therapy with somatic (body-focused) techniques, energy psychology, therapeutic meditation and energy therapies including reiki and shamanism. My approach supports the holistic self by meeting body, mind, emotion, energy and soul. We all experience ebbs and flows in life, times of thriving and times of struggle. Times of struggle can often manifest as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, or feeling disconnected from the true self.
(502) 771-8844 View (502) 771-8844
Photo of Gabrielle Christensen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gabrielle Christensen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Beneath every behavior there is a feeling. I am passionate about working with children, adolescents, teenagers and their families on the idea of how thoughts and feelings influence behaviors, and the control they can have over those behaviors. My goal is to connect clients with appropriate coping skills and tools to defeat negative thoughts, take control of their emotions, and improve their communication with others.
Beneath every behavior there is a feeling. I am passionate about working with children, adolescents, teenagers and their families on the idea of how thoughts and feelings influence behaviors, and the control they can have over those behaviors. My goal is to connect clients with appropriate coping skills and tools to defeat negative thoughts, take control of their emotions, and improve their communication with others.
(502) 906-6644 View (502) 906-6644
Photo of undefined - Cynthia D. Fletcher, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia D. Fletcher, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40205  (Online Only)
Life's challenges are sometimes overwhelming and unsettling. I enjoy working with individuals and families interested in creating changes, while receiving necessary support. I assist clients in reaching short and long term personalized goals using traditional and nontraditional approaches to address depression, anxiety, trauma, and issues of abuse. In taking a holistic approach to wellness I work within all aspects of life to bring about personal and family growth and development. If you're feeling emotionally stuck, or consumed with no sense of direction, let us work together to make pertinent life changes.
Life's challenges are sometimes overwhelming and unsettling. I enjoy working with individuals and families interested in creating changes, while receiving necessary support. I assist clients in reaching short and long term personalized goals using traditional and nontraditional approaches to address depression, anxiety, trauma, and issues of abuse. In taking a holistic approach to wellness I work within all aspects of life to bring about personal and family growth and development. If you're feeling emotionally stuck, or consumed with no sense of direction, let us work together to make pertinent life changes.
(502) 822-5821 View (502) 822-5821
Photo of undefined - Haven Family Counseling, MSW, LCSW
Haven Family Counseling
MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40218
Haven Family Services is the outpatient behavioral health division of Boys & Girls Haven, an organization that has served the Louisville community for more than 70 years. We specialize in meeting the emotional and behavioral needs of individuals of all ages. We provide intensive in-home therapy and case management as well as counseling and medication management in our outpatient office. Our professionals utilize effective, compassionate interventions that help our clients heal from past trauma, build on their strengths and achieve their therapeutic goals. We also actively involve caregivers and support systems in the treatment planning process.
Haven Family Services is the outpatient behavioral health division of Boys & Girls Haven, an organization that has served the Louisville community for more than 70 years. We specialize in meeting the emotional and behavioral needs of individuals of all ages. We provide intensive in-home therapy and case management as well as counseling and medication management in our outpatient office. Our professionals utilize effective, compassionate interventions that help our clients heal from past trauma, build on their strengths and achieve their therapeutic goals. We also actively involve caregivers and support systems in the treatment planning process.
(502) 465-8687 x103 View (502) 465-8687 x103
Photo of Mark K Neese, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark K Neese
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40220
I love what I do! I have been a therapist for the past 30 years. I have a holistic approach to therapy. I believe that our body and mind are so closely connected that they catch each others diseases. I use my background as a Behavior Analyst, Personal Trainer, Senior Fitness Specialist and Health Coach to inspire my clients to grow. I focus on CBT and Jungian-Inspired psychotherapy. I serve as a guide to help people bring the unconscious into consciousness utilizing active imagination, dream interpretation, and fairy tale exploration. I specialize with adults in the second and third act of their lives and mid-century men.
I love what I do! I have been a therapist for the past 30 years. I have a holistic approach to therapy. I believe that our body and mind are so closely connected that they catch each others diseases. I use my background as a Behavior Analyst, Personal Trainer, Senior Fitness Specialist and Health Coach to inspire my clients to grow. I focus on CBT and Jungian-Inspired psychotherapy. I serve as a guide to help people bring the unconscious into consciousness utilizing active imagination, dream interpretation, and fairy tale exploration. I specialize with adults in the second and third act of their lives and mid-century men.
(502) 236-1628 View (502) 236-1628
Photo of Jane Curtis Land, MBA, MEd, LPCC
Jane Curtis Land
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MBA, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
"Counseling is one of the greatest things we can do to take care of ourselves, our child or another family member. From time to time, due to daily stressors and/or other life events, we all need help. I would certainly consider it a privilege for you to allow me to provide counseling to you, your child or another family member."
"Counseling is one of the greatest things we can do to take care of ourselves, our child or another family member. From time to time, due to daily stressors and/or other life events, we all need help. I would certainly consider it a privilege for you to allow me to provide counseling to you, your child or another family member."
(502) 819-6886 View (502) 819-6886
Photo of undefined - S. Nicole Crawford LCSW pllc, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
S. Nicole Crawford LCSW pllc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218  (Online Only)
I believe that my role is that of a guide in one's journey of healing and growth. I draw from a variety of therapeutic approaches and I utilize my skills and experience to help clients address difficult life experiences and to create new and healthier ways to manage their lives. Trust and the therapeutic relationship are the foundations for change and the relationship is one of mutuality and empowerment. Some of my specialties are: women issues, depression, anxiety, parent/child issues, and PTSD to name a few.
I believe that my role is that of a guide in one's journey of healing and growth. I draw from a variety of therapeutic approaches and I utilize my skills and experience to help clients address difficult life experiences and to create new and healthier ways to manage their lives. Trust and the therapeutic relationship are the foundations for change and the relationship is one of mutuality and empowerment. Some of my specialties are: women issues, depression, anxiety, parent/child issues, and PTSD to name a few.
(502) 883-6506 View (502) 883-6506
Photo of Rhonda Fessel, LPCC, LPAT, ATR-BC, IMHP, Art Therapist
Rhonda Fessel
Art Therapist, LPCC, LPAT, ATR-BC, IMHP
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40204
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy is a process of exploring layers of the self which takes time, compassion, understanding and encouragement. My intention is to meet people where they are in this process and through collaboration establish goals for growth and change. I seek to offer support to those on their journey to personal well being and healing by utilizing an integrative approach. Mindfulness, person centered, strength based, and Expressive Therapy techniques are some of the tools that I like to offer. I am also a certified Havening Techniques practitioner and level II Usui Reiki energy worker.
Therapy is a process of exploring layers of the self which takes time, compassion, understanding and encouragement. My intention is to meet people where they are in this process and through collaboration establish goals for growth and change. I seek to offer support to those on their journey to personal well being and healing by utilizing an integrative approach. Mindfulness, person centered, strength based, and Expressive Therapy techniques are some of the tools that I like to offer. I am also a certified Havening Techniques practitioner and level II Usui Reiki energy worker.
(502) 912-8740 View (502) 912-8740
Photo of Haley Price, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Haley Price
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
You are overwhelmed, overtired, and so used to taking care of everyone else that you don't know how to even take care of yourself anymore. It seems like everyone depends on you for every little thing anymore, but deep down you want to be left alone before you fall apart. Everything feels overwhelming that you just shut down and disconnect from the world. You spend most of your day thinking that you aren't enough and terrified someone will find out. You know a change needs to happen, but you don't know where to begin. Take that first step of reaching out for support, and we can figure out the next step together.
You are overwhelmed, overtired, and so used to taking care of everyone else that you don't know how to even take care of yourself anymore. It seems like everyone depends on you for every little thing anymore, but deep down you want to be left alone before you fall apart. Everything feels overwhelming that you just shut down and disconnect from the world. You spend most of your day thinking that you aren't enough and terrified someone will find out. You know a change needs to happen, but you don't know where to begin. Take that first step of reaching out for support, and we can figure out the next step together.
(859) 203-1253 View (859) 203-1253
Photo of Erin D Jarrett, LSGC, TCADC, EMDR, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Erin D Jarrett
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LSGC, TCADC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218
Troubled by PTSD? Anxiety? Depression? I'm the behavioral health professional for you! I employ a cutting edge therapeutic model called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) which is a powerful, psychotherapy technique for treatment of anxiety, panic, depression, and post-traumatic stress. I will teach you practical tools and techniques that are evidence-based and designed to help you quickly work through your current situation. I specialize in working with adults, adolescents, and military veterans with symptoms of trauma/PTSD, depression, and anxiety. My clinical style is very warm, strengths-based, and collaborative.
Troubled by PTSD? Anxiety? Depression? I'm the behavioral health professional for you! I employ a cutting edge therapeutic model called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) which is a powerful, psychotherapy technique for treatment of anxiety, panic, depression, and post-traumatic stress. I will teach you practical tools and techniques that are evidence-based and designed to help you quickly work through your current situation. I specialize in working with adults, adolescents, and military veterans with symptoms of trauma/PTSD, depression, and anxiety. My clinical style is very warm, strengths-based, and collaborative.
(502) 410-3199 View (502) 410-3199

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Louisville, KY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Louisville, KY who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
59% Relationship Issues
57% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Humana

How Therapists in Louisville, KY see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Louisville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.