Depression Therapists in Devington, Indianapolis, IN
![Photo of Amy Ferris, LCSW, EMDR, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/42386d47-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I have over 25 years of clinical experience and specialize in treating women's issues, such as: perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety, depression, grief and loss, relationship and career issues. My experience as a childbirth educator has enhanced my ability to treat the needs of perinatal women as they transition into motherhood. This journey is one that is often met with unexpected emotions and I help women identify these feelings so they can resolves issues that may complicate parenthood. I recognize the impact of pregnancy loss as well, and help my clients process through this very unique kind of grief.
I have over 25 years of clinical experience and specialize in treating women's issues, such as: perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety, depression, grief and loss, relationship and career issues. My experience as a childbirth educator has enhanced my ability to treat the needs of perinatal women as they transition into motherhood. This journey is one that is often met with unexpected emotions and I help women identify these feelings so they can resolves issues that may complicate parenthood. I recognize the impact of pregnancy loss as well, and help my clients process through this very unique kind of grief.
![Photo of Pam Zirkle, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0e7d3d05-f1dd-4893-be22-ca42197db27e/1/320x400.jpeg)
Pam Zirkle is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Indiana who has been practicing since 2016. Pam has been working with clients for seven years and her experience has been with individuals of all ages and various types of issues ranging from couples, groups, individuals, and families. Pam's expertise is for individuals that are battling depression, anxiety, trauma, sex issues, couples' issues, grief, and loss. Pam's forms of treatment are person centered and xe uses DBT, CBT and Motivational Interviewing.
Pam Zirkle is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Indiana who has been practicing since 2016. Pam has been working with clients for seven years and her experience has been with individuals of all ages and various types of issues ranging from couples, groups, individuals, and families. Pam's expertise is for individuals that are battling depression, anxiety, trauma, sex issues, couples' issues, grief, and loss. Pam's forms of treatment are person centered and xe uses DBT, CBT and Motivational Interviewing.
![Photo of Raven Cotham, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ba43d2d6-ecf9-42ba-960c-b3d12ec22195/1/320x400.jpeg)
Raven Cotham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
I am so happy that your search for a therapist has brought you here! It takes a lot of strength and courage to begin the search. I specialize in empowering clients who suffer from and struggle with depression, PTSD, anxiety as well as domestic violence. This may be due to life stressors, new life transitions, relationship issues, trauma, grief and many more life trials and circumstances.
I am so happy that your search for a therapist has brought you here! It takes a lot of strength and courage to begin the search. I specialize in empowering clients who suffer from and struggle with depression, PTSD, anxiety as well as domestic violence. This may be due to life stressors, new life transitions, relationship issues, trauma, grief and many more life trials and circumstances.
![Photo of Sara Evans, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8e445ccc-41b8-4de6-8d24-a36567707b77/1/320x400.png)
Sara Evans is a LMHC who has been providing treatment to a diverse group of clients in a variety of outpatient settings since 2014. She graduated from Ball State University with a degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Sara practices as a generalist, but has the most extensive experience with depression, anxiety, trauma related concerns, personality disorders, perfectionism and grief and loss. She practices using interpersonal and feminist approaches as well as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, solution focused therapies, and trauma informed care.
Sara Evans is a LMHC who has been providing treatment to a diverse group of clients in a variety of outpatient settings since 2014. She graduated from Ball State University with a degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Sara practices as a generalist, but has the most extensive experience with depression, anxiety, trauma related concerns, personality disorders, perfectionism and grief and loss. She practices using interpersonal and feminist approaches as well as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, solution focused therapies, and trauma informed care.
![Photo of Kelly Day, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4bd8e0bb-f744-4cb9-92e3-4bca9cf75e93/2/320x400.jpeg)
As someone who has directly dealt with personal trauma, depression, and anxiety in the past; I understand how hard it is to take the first step into therapy and beginning the walk to heal. My goal is to make the first step into this journey for you safe and comfortable. I approach my clients with empathy, sincerity and evidence based treatments that have proven to be beneficial. I have spent the majority of my life dedicating my time to helping others in a medical and therapeutic capacity.
As someone who has directly dealt with personal trauma, depression, and anxiety in the past; I understand how hard it is to take the first step into therapy and beginning the walk to heal. My goal is to make the first step into this journey for you safe and comfortable. I approach my clients with empathy, sincerity and evidence based treatments that have proven to be beneficial. I have spent the majority of my life dedicating my time to helping others in a medical and therapeutic capacity.
![Photo of Amy Hirt, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fcdd5ccc-8272-4c87-8b14-e5c8e75f900a/1/320x400.jpeg)
Amy Hirt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
Amy specializes in EMDR and Yoga/Movement therapy, focusing on these innovative treatments to support clients in overcoming trauma, anxiety, and depression.
Amy J. Hirt, LCSW, serves the mental health needs of Indiana residents with a holistic and compassionate approach. As a highly trained and experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Amy integrates a wide array of therapeutic modalities to help clients navigate their mental health challenges. She believes in treating each client as an individual, employing a "therapeutic toolbox" that includes EMDR, Yoga/Movement Therapy, CBT, DBT, and other interventions tailored to the unique needs of her clients.
Amy specializes in EMDR and Yoga/Movement therapy, focusing on these innovative treatments to support clients in overcoming trauma, anxiety, and depression.
Amy J. Hirt, LCSW, serves the mental health needs of Indiana residents with a holistic and compassionate approach. As a highly trained and experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Amy integrates a wide array of therapeutic modalities to help clients navigate their mental health challenges. She believes in treating each client as an individual, employing a "therapeutic toolbox" that includes EMDR, Yoga/Movement Therapy, CBT, DBT, and other interventions tailored to the unique needs of her clients.
Margaret Nellie Farnsworth
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
Nellie, MA, LMFT is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of Indiana, holds a Master of Arts in Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy from Indiana Wesleyan University, and a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from the University of Illinois. She is a counselor who works with children, adolescents, and adults, helping them achieve greater personal and emotional wellbeing. Everyone's needs are individual and personal, so Nellie comes alongside to support and work collaboratively with each person, working within the strengths and goals of each client.
Nellie, MA, LMFT is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of Indiana, holds a Master of Arts in Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy from Indiana Wesleyan University, and a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from the University of Illinois. She is a counselor who works with children, adolescents, and adults, helping them achieve greater personal and emotional wellbeing. Everyone's needs are individual and personal, so Nellie comes alongside to support and work collaboratively with each person, working within the strengths and goals of each client.
![Photo of Caroline Vas, LCSW, LCAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d0376541-828e-471c-b1b0-74a3384132e4/1/320x400.jpeg)
Caroline Vas
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCSW, LCAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
I enjoy working with teens and young adults who are facing challenges with alcohol or substance use. My ideal client is someone who is willing to be honest with me about where they are in their journey. They don't necessarily have to be ready or willing to change. All I ask of my clients is for open-mindedness and a willingness to discuss their experiences.
I enjoy working with teens and young adults who are facing challenges with alcohol or substance use. My ideal client is someone who is willing to be honest with me about where they are in their journey. They don't necessarily have to be ready or willing to change. All I ask of my clients is for open-mindedness and a willingness to discuss their experiences.
![Photo of Courtney Sebo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1be9de02-798b-4027-a1a1-4f7ea4f05524/1/320x400.jpeg)
Courtney Sebo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
Courtney Sebo is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana who has been practicing since 2022. Courtney provides services in school-based, home, and community settings. She is passionate about working with children, adolescents, adults, and families through individual and family therapy. Courtney is eclectic in her therapeutic approach, including person-centered, strengths-based, and solution-focused approach. She utilizes mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and trauma focused practices to help individuals and families find healing and grow to reach their potential.
Courtney Sebo is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Indiana who has been practicing since 2022. Courtney provides services in school-based, home, and community settings. She is passionate about working with children, adolescents, adults, and families through individual and family therapy. Courtney is eclectic in her therapeutic approach, including person-centered, strengths-based, and solution-focused approach. She utilizes mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and trauma focused practices to help individuals and families find healing and grow to reach their potential.
![Photo of Lamar Sykes, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d58e6d8c-af01-4458-a55f-d70f0d602a51/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am an licensed marriage and family therapist with over ten years of experience working with children, teens, adults, couples, and families. He graduated from Butler University with a degree in psychology and earned his Masters in Counseling Psychology from California Baptist University. Lamar has experience working in schools and outpatient facilities. He strives to help individuals, couples, and families improve communication and to find unique solutions to achieve their goals.
I am an licensed marriage and family therapist with over ten years of experience working with children, teens, adults, couples, and families. He graduated from Butler University with a degree in psychology and earned his Masters in Counseling Psychology from California Baptist University. Lamar has experience working in schools and outpatient facilities. He strives to help individuals, couples, and families improve communication and to find unique solutions to achieve their goals.
![Photo of Quanik Hunter, LSW, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/04f90d8a-480e-43f7-8081-21e5ffcc7968/3/320x400.jpeg)
Quanik Hunter
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226 (Online Only)
Seeking help is the first step in the healing process. I understand the strength it takes to ask for help and attempt to move forward. Life can be challenging at times. During those times it can be difficult to understand what is happening around you. Having someone to help you through those challenges can be pivotal for change.
Seeking help is the first step in the healing process. I understand the strength it takes to ask for help and attempt to move forward. Life can be challenging at times. During those times it can be difficult to understand what is happening around you. Having someone to help you through those challenges can be pivotal for change.
![Photo of Deidra Loyd - All Things To All People, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45a6609b-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
All Things To All People
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
All things to All People is a multifaceted community service agency that takes a holistic approach. Our professional staff are qualified to assist clients in effectively utilizing and seeking services that will contribute to their success. Clients who participate in therapeutic interventions will experience mental, emotional, familial, and individual wellness. All things to All People is not your typical community service organization. We utilize creative and innovative interventions that foster and promote self-efficacy, community knowledge, and personal empowerment.
All things to All People is a multifaceted community service agency that takes a holistic approach. Our professional staff are qualified to assist clients in effectively utilizing and seeking services that will contribute to their success. Clients who participate in therapeutic interventions will experience mental, emotional, familial, and individual wellness. All things to All People is not your typical community service organization. We utilize creative and innovative interventions that foster and promote self-efficacy, community knowledge, and personal empowerment.
![Photo of Katelin Patterson, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3f496027-58f0-4988-89b6-f1a9188e0d60/3/320x400.jpeg)
Katelin Patterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
ATTENTION ALL CHRONIC RELAPSERS & INDIVIDUALS FEELING EMPTY OR LOST! Perhaps you are struggling with personal issues and are caught in a cycle of insanity doing the same thing over and over expecting different results. You feel stuck in a rut that you can't seem to find your way out of. You put on a "happy" face to others but inside feel empty, lost, or just plain sad. You so badly want to heal from a bad childhood, a terrible break up, or a traumatic event. You are ready to begin the process of healing your mind, body, and soul. You are ready to heal these wounds. I am ready to go on this journey with you and I can help.
ATTENTION ALL CHRONIC RELAPSERS & INDIVIDUALS FEELING EMPTY OR LOST! Perhaps you are struggling with personal issues and are caught in a cycle of insanity doing the same thing over and over expecting different results. You feel stuck in a rut that you can't seem to find your way out of. You put on a "happy" face to others but inside feel empty, lost, or just plain sad. You so badly want to heal from a bad childhood, a terrible break up, or a traumatic event. You are ready to begin the process of healing your mind, body, and soul. You are ready to heal these wounds. I am ready to go on this journey with you and I can help.
![Photo of Craig Hennecke, MS, NCC, LMHCA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ddb885eb-6b86-40fa-bdaa-987628d60a74/2/320x400.jpeg)
Craig Hennecke
Counselor, MS, NCC, LMHCA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Devington, Indianapolis, IN 46226
I treasure a core belief that human beings are inherently compassionate, wise, and whole. Then life happens and we begin to lose access to our inner resourcefulness. Connection, authenticity, and empathy form the foundation of my work. I feel that change and healing occur both experientially and relationally. By utilizing compassion, curiosity, honesty, and humor, I connect and collaborate with clients to build a supportive and non-judgmental container for self-exploration and growth.
I treasure a core belief that human beings are inherently compassionate, wise, and whole. Then life happens and we begin to lose access to our inner resourcefulness. Connection, authenticity, and empathy form the foundation of my work. I feel that change and healing occur both experientially and relationally. By utilizing compassion, curiosity, honesty, and humor, I connect and collaborate with clients to build a supportive and non-judgmental container for self-exploration and growth.
Online Therapists
![Photo of Margarete Brandenburg, MA-MFT, LMHC, DCEP, MDiv, ADV-EFT, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3b9dc3db-5716-43d9-8de1-8ea160b0607d/3/320x400.jpeg)
Margarete Brandenburg
Counselor, MA-MFT, LMHC, DCEP, MDiv, ADV-EFT
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46203
What? Me . .traumatized? Surely it's not as bad as. . someone else and Their experience. Trauma comes in many forms and disguises. The back part of the brain subconsciously feels we are in a battle or there's a bear in the cave. Our defenses/ways of coping and triggers arise in ways that aren't helpful or productive/controllable. Reactions/responses seem to come from out of nowhere. These can be signs/symptoms of anxiety, depression, and overwhelm. All can be addressed and shifted in counseling, particularly through EMDR. I am certified in that field and have found it to be life-changing for many.
What? Me . .traumatized? Surely it's not as bad as. . someone else and Their experience. Trauma comes in many forms and disguises. The back part of the brain subconsciously feels we are in a battle or there's a bear in the cave. Our defenses/ways of coping and triggers arise in ways that aren't helpful or productive/controllable. Reactions/responses seem to come from out of nowhere. These can be signs/symptoms of anxiety, depression, and overwhelm. All can be addressed and shifted in counseling, particularly through EMDR. I am certified in that field and have found it to be life-changing for many.
![Photo of Kelli Gary, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dfc8ff1f-8fac-4996-818a-296de2bc4151/1/320x400.jpeg)
Kelli Gary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46217 (Online Only)
My clinical specialty is anxiety and depression.
I have been working in the social work field for over 20 years. For the last 7 years I have focused on mental and behavioral health with individuals. I enjoy helping people feel better mentally and know the benefits of a healthy mindset. I work to make the experience a safe and stress free process and feel it is important to develop a good rapport and supportive atmosphere that is free of judgment. I offer telehealth therapy in Indiana through Talkspace mainly and can do private pay upon reqeust. I feel this is a great forum to allow clients to be in a comfortable environment that is convenient for them.
My clinical specialty is anxiety and depression.
I have been working in the social work field for over 20 years. For the last 7 years I have focused on mental and behavioral health with individuals. I enjoy helping people feel better mentally and know the benefits of a healthy mindset. I work to make the experience a safe and stress free process and feel it is important to develop a good rapport and supportive atmosphere that is free of judgment. I offer telehealth therapy in Indiana through Talkspace mainly and can do private pay upon reqeust. I feel this is a great forum to allow clients to be in a comfortable environment that is convenient for them.
![Photo of Megan Carrie-Connor Knueve, LCSW, LCAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/43949dbb-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Megan Carrie-Connor Knueve
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46268 (Online Only)
I have an interest/special expertise in adult ADHD, women's issues, anxiety/depression, addictions, and couples.
I want to start out by saying that I'm looking forward to meeting you and working on the issues and goals that brought you into my office. I am extremely passionate about what I do and love my job! It is my belief that everyone has significant strengths and abilities to heal and get to the place in life where they want to be, but sometimes you just need a little bit of help. I use a strengths-based approach and also help clients look into where their issues are coming from instead of just trying to put a Band-Aid on the problem.
I have an interest/special expertise in adult ADHD, women's issues, anxiety/depression, addictions, and couples.
I want to start out by saying that I'm looking forward to meeting you and working on the issues and goals that brought you into my office. I am extremely passionate about what I do and love my job! It is my belief that everyone has significant strengths and abilities to heal and get to the place in life where they want to be, but sometimes you just need a little bit of help. I use a strengths-based approach and also help clients look into where their issues are coming from instead of just trying to put a Band-Aid on the problem.
![Photo of Phillips Hwang, MA, LMHC, NCC, CST, BC-TMH, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3cb172b8-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Phillips Hwang
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC, CST, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46268 (Online Only)
I compassionately and skillfully provide evidence based treatment to couples, adults, and adolescents struggling with sexual issues such as difficulties in marital sexuality, affair recovery, sexual addiction and sexual abuse. I also provide couples counseling, premarital counseling, and individual counseling with presenting issues such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, grief, family issues, and spiritual issues. I also integrate Christian spirituality and spiritual formation into counseling sessions for clients who request this specialty. Ultimately, my desire is to journey with those who are hurting and broken to help them find true healing and hope.
I compassionately and skillfully provide evidence based treatment to couples, adults, and adolescents struggling with sexual issues such as difficulties in marital sexuality, affair recovery, sexual addiction and sexual abuse. I also provide couples counseling, premarital counseling, and individual counseling with presenting issues such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, grief, family issues, and spiritual issues. I also integrate Christian spirituality and spiritual formation into counseling sessions for clients who request this specialty. Ultimately, my desire is to journey with those who are hurting and broken to help them find true healing and hope.
![Photo of Ashley Gallaway, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e69bdecc-f2f5-4e7b-8efe-42d434dbb3f6/3/320x400.jpeg)
I offer individual therapy to children, adolescents and adults and have extensive experience treating trauma, anxiety, depression, phase of life, and, self-awareness. My goal is to provide a supportive and nonjudgmental space for clients to be heard, encouraged, and to process life’s struggles and successes.
I offer individual therapy to children, adolescents and adults and have extensive experience treating trauma, anxiety, depression, phase of life, and, self-awareness. My goal is to provide a supportive and nonjudgmental space for clients to be heard, encouraged, and to process life’s struggles and successes.
![Photo of Catriona (Cat) Schmidt, LMHC, NCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4b0fc370-31e6-4f5e-b293-0f8a6a442fb5/1/320x400.jpeg)
I specialize in the areas of depression, anxiety, life adjustment, thought disorders, mood disorders, grief and loss, and relationship issues.
There are many reasons that people decide to seek counseling. Everyone experiences change, loss, life transitions, and challenges at some time in their lives; however, navigating our thoughts and feelings can become overwhelming to try and address alone. Therapy can provide a supportive environment that is safe, nonjudgemental, and accepting.
I specialize in the areas of depression, anxiety, life adjustment, thought disorders, mood disorders, grief and loss, and relationship issues.
There are many reasons that people decide to seek counseling. Everyone experiences change, loss, life transitions, and challenges at some time in their lives; however, navigating our thoughts and feelings can become overwhelming to try and address alone. Therapy can provide a supportive environment that is safe, nonjudgemental, and accepting.
See more therapy options for Devington, Indianapolis
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Depression Therapists
What is the goal of therapy for depression?
Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.
What happens in therapy for depression?
Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.
What therapy types help with depression?
Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.
Can therapy for depression be done online?
Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.
How effective is therapy for depression?
Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.