Depression Therapists in Western Springs, IL

Photo of Sarah Lesniak, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Lesniak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
Sarah Lesniak, LSW, looks at the therapeutic process as a collaborative relationship. She meets clients halfway if they are willing to meet her halfway. Sarah treats clients as people and not their disorders, and she strives to provide a safe, comfortable place for them to open up. Sarah earned an MSW from University of St. Francis and has extensive experience working with adolescents and adults struggling with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, and PTSD. She currently treats clients age 9 and up.
Sarah Lesniak, LSW, looks at the therapeutic process as a collaborative relationship. She meets clients halfway if they are willing to meet her halfway. Sarah treats clients as people and not their disorders, and she strives to provide a safe, comfortable place for them to open up. Sarah earned an MSW from University of St. Francis and has extensive experience working with adolescents and adults struggling with eating disorders, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, and PTSD. She currently treats clients age 9 and up.
(708) 726-6577 View (708) 726-6577
Photo of Sandra Armendariz, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sandra Armendariz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
Sandra Armendariz, LPC, is an empathic and compassionate therapist who offers each client guidance, support, and knowledge as they discover their inner wisdom and resilience. Sandra earned a graduate degree in clinical mental health from Adler University and a doctorate in clinical psychology from Central University of Ecuador. Fluent in both Spanish and English, Sandra worked around the world as a therapist and graduate level teacher. She helps teens and adults with depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationship conflicts, domestic abuse, and more.
Sandra Armendariz, LPC, is an empathic and compassionate therapist who offers each client guidance, support, and knowledge as they discover their inner wisdom and resilience. Sandra earned a graduate degree in clinical mental health from Adler University and a doctorate in clinical psychology from Central University of Ecuador. Fluent in both Spanish and English, Sandra worked around the world as a therapist and graduate level teacher. She helps teens and adults with depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationship conflicts, domestic abuse, and more.
(708) 834-7832 View (708) 834-7832
Photo of Kendra Caple, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kendra Caple
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
Kendra Caple, LPC, helps clients recognize their strengths and achieve goals. She works with children, adolescents, adults, and families struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, anger management, domestic violence, and more. Kendra received an undergraduate degree from Northern Illinois University and a graduate degree from National Louis University. Throughout her mental health career, she worked in non-profit, youth development, crisis intervention, case management, and more. In therapy, Kendra uses DBT, CBT, and various other approaches to help clients in identify and modify behavior.
Kendra Caple, LPC, helps clients recognize their strengths and achieve goals. She works with children, adolescents, adults, and families struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, anger management, domestic violence, and more. Kendra received an undergraduate degree from Northern Illinois University and a graduate degree from National Louis University. Throughout her mental health career, she worked in non-profit, youth development, crisis intervention, case management, and more. In therapy, Kendra uses DBT, CBT, and various other approaches to help clients in identify and modify behavior.
(708) 694-3873 View (708) 694-3873
Photo of Nadja Buskirk, LCPC, CADC
Nadja Buskirk
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I am a licensed clinical counselor who is very passionate about helping others. My clinical areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, low-self esteem, substance abuse, addiction, life transitions, grief, and trauma. I'm here to help you meet your therapy goals by providing you with the necessary tools and skills to promote the change & growth you're looking for. Our relationship is based on collaboration and trust. I provide a comfortable environment that will help you feel safe, heard, and understood.
I am a licensed clinical counselor who is very passionate about helping others. My clinical areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, low-self esteem, substance abuse, addiction, life transitions, grief, and trauma. I'm here to help you meet your therapy goals by providing you with the necessary tools and skills to promote the change & growth you're looking for. Our relationship is based on collaboration and trust. I provide a comfortable environment that will help you feel safe, heard, and understood.
(847) 474-9254 View (847) 474-9254
Photo of Dr. Eleni Malamis, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Dr. Eleni Malamis
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who offers professional yet warm and caring help to those struggling with life's challenges. I have devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who offers professional yet warm and caring help to those struggling with life's challenges. I have devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
(630) 354-0981 View (630) 354-0981
Photo of Kate Schoenlein, LCPC
Kate Schoenlein
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I am a licensed clinical counselor who offers a warm and supportive environment for teens and adults looking for comprehensive therapy. I also enjoy working with couples. My goal is to guide my clients through the process of growth and healing. I specialize in treatment for anxiety, depression, PTSD/Trauma, relationship issues, family related concerns, self-esteem, substance abuse, and anger management. I also have extensive experience working with military trauma, career counseling, and life-transitions.
I am a licensed clinical counselor who offers a warm and supportive environment for teens and adults looking for comprehensive therapy. I also enjoy working with couples. My goal is to guide my clients through the process of growth and healing. I specialize in treatment for anxiety, depression, PTSD/Trauma, relationship issues, family related concerns, self-esteem, substance abuse, and anger management. I also have extensive experience working with military trauma, career counseling, and life-transitions.
(847) 320-0598 View (847) 320-0598
Photo of Samantha Dunne, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Dunne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I work with children, adolescents, and adults of all ages. I specialize in working with teens & young adults. My specialties include stress, anxiety, anger, depression, self-esteem, emotional regulation, procrastination/motivation, & relationship issues. I also have a great deal of experience working with individuals who have experienced traumatic events in their lives. I use various strategies such as Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Direct Feedback, Trauma Informed Care, Exposure Therapy, Skills Based Approach, Stages of Change, & Motivational Interviewing.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults of all ages. I specialize in working with teens & young adults. My specialties include stress, anxiety, anger, depression, self-esteem, emotional regulation, procrastination/motivation, & relationship issues. I also have a great deal of experience working with individuals who have experienced traumatic events in their lives. I use various strategies such as Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Direct Feedback, Trauma Informed Care, Exposure Therapy, Skills Based Approach, Stages of Change, & Motivational Interviewing.
(630) 506-3906 View (630) 506-3906
Photo of Asma Halim, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Asma Halim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
Our emotional health and well-being play a large role in the choices we make. If you find that issues such as anxiety and depression are consuming your life, psychotherapy can help you to take control over your feelings, and ultimately allow you to have more positive experiences.
Our emotional health and well-being play a large role in the choices we make. If you find that issues such as anxiety and depression are consuming your life, psychotherapy can help you to take control over your feelings, and ultimately allow you to have more positive experiences.
(312) 470-6933 View (312) 470-6933
Photo of Nancy Lawrenz, Psychologist
Nancy Lawrenz
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
Completing challenging graduate degrees and clinically practicing in Social Work, Psychology and Psychoanalysis has provided me with a broad range of experiences with many types of people, enabling me to offer the option of psychotherapy or psychoanalysis as needed. These combined trainings and professional work have provided the necessary tools, perspectives and resources to address people's ongoing unhappiness, unexpected pain and crises and the sometimes stunning blows of grief. Areas of expertise include: anxieties/phobias; low self-esteem/depression/post-partum depression; complicated bereavement--loss of babies/children/parents/spouses; relationship conflicts--between adults or parents/child; and underachievement.
Completing challenging graduate degrees and clinically practicing in Social Work, Psychology and Psychoanalysis has provided me with a broad range of experiences with many types of people, enabling me to offer the option of psychotherapy or psychoanalysis as needed. These combined trainings and professional work have provided the necessary tools, perspectives and resources to address people's ongoing unhappiness, unexpected pain and crises and the sometimes stunning blows of grief. Areas of expertise include: anxieties/phobias; low self-esteem/depression/post-partum depression; complicated bereavement--loss of babies/children/parents/spouses; relationship conflicts--between adults or parents/child; and underachievement.
(630) 914-9782 View (630) 914-9782
Photo of Melinda Lupfer Yachnin, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Melinda Lupfer Yachnin
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I see therapy as a way for you to get free of the habits and perspectives that bind you, so that you can create the life you really want. So much of what makes us suffer is the chasm between how we think things ought to be and how they actually are. Therapy is an ideal way to reconcile these differences, to identify tools that will help you cope with challenges and make the most of your strengths. I use existential and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy to work with clients on issues including life transitions, anxiety, depression, stress and career concerns.
I see therapy as a way for you to get free of the habits and perspectives that bind you, so that you can create the life you really want. So much of what makes us suffer is the chasm between how we think things ought to be and how they actually are. Therapy is an ideal way to reconcile these differences, to identify tools that will help you cope with challenges and make the most of your strengths. I use existential and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy to work with clients on issues including life transitions, anxiety, depression, stress and career concerns.
(312) 789-5410 View (312) 789-5410
Photo of Brian Weir, PsyD, Psychologist
Brian Weir
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
*Offering both online and in-person sessions. Are you looking for a therapist who is engaging, warm, understanding, experienced and very knowledgeable? If so, I'm your therapist. I have helped others like you improve their relationships, overcome anxiety, depression and anger. Even if you have lost hope, together we can build self-confidence, strengthen resilience, and find motivation to overcome the obstacles. Whether you come for individual, or for couples therapy, my clients are often surprised what can be overcome and how much better things can be.
*Offering both online and in-person sessions. Are you looking for a therapist who is engaging, warm, understanding, experienced and very knowledgeable? If so, I'm your therapist. I have helped others like you improve their relationships, overcome anxiety, depression and anger. Even if you have lost hope, together we can build self-confidence, strengthen resilience, and find motivation to overcome the obstacles. Whether you come for individual, or for couples therapy, my clients are often surprised what can be overcome and how much better things can be.
(630) 517-5554 View (630) 517-5554
Photo of Donna Marie Desai, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Donna Marie Desai
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I teach effective strategies for depression, relationship problems, life transitions, and stress management and self-care.
It gets better from here! I help individuals who are stuck or struggling figure out solutions that work for them. I offer what works: compassion, clarity, and results. Compassion: You will feel heard. You will be skillfully understood and supported. Clarity: You will gain new insights into your situation, your options, and yourself. Results: You will learn strategies to handle the challenges and stress in your life. Strategies that work. Discover healing, wisdom, and empowerment within yourself. Give counseling a try starting with a free 30-minute session.
I teach effective strategies for depression, relationship problems, life transitions, and stress management and self-care.
It gets better from here! I help individuals who are stuck or struggling figure out solutions that work for them. I offer what works: compassion, clarity, and results. Compassion: You will feel heard. You will be skillfully understood and supported. Clarity: You will gain new insights into your situation, your options, and yourself. Results: You will learn strategies to handle the challenges and stress in your life. Strategies that work. Discover healing, wisdom, and empowerment within yourself. Give counseling a try starting with a free 30-minute session.
(708) 824-8990 View (708) 824-8990
Photo of Karen C Shockley, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Karen C Shockley
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I have am certified in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and am experienced with its treatment for depression and anxiety.
I provide individual counseling to late adolescents and adults, with a special interest in adjustment and periods of transition. My clinical focus is on issues of mood and depression, stress and anxiety, adjustment to life transitions, relationship distress, grief, self-esteem and identity issues, self-harm, and trauma-related issues. I begin with a person-centered approach - believing in each person's potential - and utilize strategies appropriate to each client's unique situation, including CBT, family dynamics, relationship building, relaxation methods, DBT, and narrative therapy.
I have am certified in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and am experienced with its treatment for depression and anxiety.
I provide individual counseling to late adolescents and adults, with a special interest in adjustment and periods of transition. My clinical focus is on issues of mood and depression, stress and anxiety, adjustment to life transitions, relationship distress, grief, self-esteem and identity issues, self-harm, and trauma-related issues. I begin with a person-centered approach - believing in each person's potential - and utilize strategies appropriate to each client's unique situation, including CBT, family dynamics, relationship building, relaxation methods, DBT, and narrative therapy.
(630) 749-2511 View (630) 749-2511
Photo of Rachel Clarke, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Clarke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558  (Online Only)
I am a Neurodivergent LCSW, experienced in navigating Autism, ADHD, and Trauma - including depression, suicidality, anxiety & panic attacks, and substance use & abuse. I utilize a trauma-informed, inclusive, holistic, and biopsychosocial approach in therapy. Please follow my website link to schedule a consultation.
I am a Neurodivergent LCSW, experienced in navigating Autism, ADHD, and Trauma - including depression, suicidality, anxiety & panic attacks, and substance use & abuse. I utilize a trauma-informed, inclusive, holistic, and biopsychosocial approach in therapy. Please follow my website link to schedule a consultation.
(630) 528-1072 View (630) 528-1072
Photo of Dr. Eleni Malamis, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Dr. Eleni Malamis
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. I provide warm and caring support to those struggling with life's challenges. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. I provide warm and caring support to those struggling with life's challenges. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
(708) 627-4500 View (708) 627-4500
Photo of Christy Poli, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christy Poli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
My goal as a therapist is to help you reach your fullest potential. I specialize in therapeutic interventions which help alleviate your emotional challenges. I create awareness through an integrative approach utilizing a variety of modalities that best fit your needs. I love working with children, teens, & adults! I treat clients experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, low self-esteem, parenting concerns, relationship issues & infidelity. I utilize CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Strength Based, and Trauma Focused strategies to help clients meet their treatment goals.
My goal as a therapist is to help you reach your fullest potential. I specialize in therapeutic interventions which help alleviate your emotional challenges. I create awareness through an integrative approach utilizing a variety of modalities that best fit your needs. I love working with children, teens, & adults! I treat clients experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, low self-esteem, parenting concerns, relationship issues & infidelity. I utilize CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Strength Based, and Trauma Focused strategies to help clients meet their treatment goals.
(630) 506-3906 View (630) 506-3906
Photo of Alexandra Petrohilos, MA, LCPC, LMHC
Alexandra Petrohilos
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
My areas of expertise, include but are not limited to, anxiety, school refusal, depression, attentional issues such as ADHD, anger, behavior problems, divorce, bullying, academic challenges, OCD/perfectionism, self-esteem, dual diagnoses, coping skills, parent coaching and support, women's counseling,social skills, and screen-time dependence and overuse.
While it may be difficult for you to seek help for yourself or your family, my goal is to work together in a supportive and encouraging way to meet your needs.  With over 20 years of professional experience, and as a former classroom teacher and school counselor I have developed my practice and included therapists to focus and specialize in working with school-aged children and adolescents to overcome challenges while providing support and psycho-education for the entire family. We also specialize in women's counseling and provide counseling and therapy to children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples, and women.
My areas of expertise, include but are not limited to, anxiety, school refusal, depression, attentional issues such as ADHD, anger, behavior problems, divorce, bullying, academic challenges, OCD/perfectionism, self-esteem, dual diagnoses, coping skills, parent coaching and support, women's counseling,social skills, and screen-time dependence and overuse.
While it may be difficult for you to seek help for yourself or your family, my goal is to work together in a supportive and encouraging way to meet your needs.  With over 20 years of professional experience, and as a former classroom teacher and school counselor I have developed my practice and included therapists to focus and specialize in working with school-aged children and adolescents to overcome challenges while providing support and psycho-education for the entire family. We also specialize in women's counseling and provide counseling and therapy to children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples, and women.
(331) 200-3659 View (331) 200-3659
Photo of Anastasia M. McCargo, LCPC
Anastasia M. McCargo
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558  (Online Only)
I have specialized training and experience navigating the areas of infidelity, relationship concerns, sexual compatibility, non-monogamy, polyamory, infertility, trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, life transitions and communication skills.
Everyone has a story. I want to know yours. Are you feeling unfulfilled and unsatisfied in your current relationships? Find yourself doing the same things over and over, hoping somehow things will be different? I specialize in working with individuals and couples experiencing conflict and relationship stress and understand your desire to feel understood and accepted. I offer a compassionate, creative and solution-oriented space to explore the questions and answers that will bring you closer to creating the relationships you desire. Let's write the next chapter together. Reach out today and let's get started.
I have specialized training and experience navigating the areas of infidelity, relationship concerns, sexual compatibility, non-monogamy, polyamory, infertility, trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, life transitions and communication skills.
Everyone has a story. I want to know yours. Are you feeling unfulfilled and unsatisfied in your current relationships? Find yourself doing the same things over and over, hoping somehow things will be different? I specialize in working with individuals and couples experiencing conflict and relationship stress and understand your desire to feel understood and accepted. I offer a compassionate, creative and solution-oriented space to explore the questions and answers that will bring you closer to creating the relationships you desire. Let's write the next chapter together. Reach out today and let's get started.
(708) 300-1486 View (708) 300-1486
Photo of Anne Guinta, PsyD, Psychologist
Anne Guinta
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I have diverse experience working with children with anxiety, depression, peer challenges, behavioral and regulatory difficulties, parent-child conflict, and school-related problems.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and private practice owner of AG Psychology Associates. I specialize in the treatment of children, adolescents, parents, and adults. Together with my clients, I develop practical strategies to better express and manage their symptoms to foster long-lasting change. In addition to working individually with children, I also work with parents to identify strategies for home that complement their parenting style and develop effective communication skills in the child/parent relationship, as well as within the family.
I have diverse experience working with children with anxiety, depression, peer challenges, behavioral and regulatory difficulties, parent-child conflict, and school-related problems.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and private practice owner of AG Psychology Associates. I specialize in the treatment of children, adolescents, parents, and adults. Together with my clients, I develop practical strategies to better express and manage their symptoms to foster long-lasting change. In addition to working individually with children, I also work with parents to identify strategies for home that complement their parenting style and develop effective communication skills in the child/parent relationship, as well as within the family.
(773) 985-8651 View (773) 985-8651
Photo of Douglas K DeRhodes, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Douglas K DeRhodes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Western Springs, IL 60558
I provide individually tailored treatment in a safe and supportive environment that draws and builds upon each person's strengths, resources, wisdom and goals. My style is collaborative, warm and interactive. I enjoy working with a range of clients from children to adults. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, healing from trauma, major life transitions, grief & loss, identity development, self-esteem difficulties, coping with medical health issues and illnesses, dual diagnosis (substance abuse and co-occurring psychiatric disorders), mindful living, and cultivating self-compassion.
I provide individually tailored treatment in a safe and supportive environment that draws and builds upon each person's strengths, resources, wisdom and goals. My style is collaborative, warm and interactive. I enjoy working with a range of clients from children to adults. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, healing from trauma, major life transitions, grief & loss, identity development, self-esteem difficulties, coping with medical health issues and illnesses, dual diagnosis (substance abuse and co-occurring psychiatric disorders), mindful living, and cultivating self-compassion.
(773) 782-6938 View (773) 782-6938
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Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.