Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists in Skokie, IL

Photo of Michelle Cutler, PhD, Psychologist
Michelle Cutler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Skokie, IL 60076
Waitlist for new clients
For children ages 2-6, I provide PCIT, an extremely structured and effective treatment that coaches parents to form a stronger attachment with their children, and decrease children's oppositional behaviors.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience working with children ages 3-18, with a variety of emotional and behavioral issues. I specialize in working with children who have experienced trauma, particularly abuse and attachment trauma. I have a nurturing, yet directive style that helps children and families to feel at ease, as I believe that safety in the therapeutic relationship is most important. My passion lies in helping children emotionally heal, and helping parents to play an integral role in this process. I know that it is difficult to ask for help for your child, and feel privileged to do so.
For children ages 2-6, I provide PCIT, an extremely structured and effective treatment that coaches parents to form a stronger attachment with their children, and decrease children's oppositional behaviors.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience working with children ages 3-18, with a variety of emotional and behavioral issues. I specialize in working with children who have experienced trauma, particularly abuse and attachment trauma. I have a nurturing, yet directive style that helps children and families to feel at ease, as I believe that safety in the therapeutic relationship is most important. My passion lies in helping children emotionally heal, and helping parents to play an integral role in this process. I know that it is difficult to ask for help for your child, and feel privileged to do so.
(224) 366-9448 View (224) 366-9448
Photo of Lisa Di Lorenzo, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Di Lorenzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60077
I work together with my clients on what is meaningful to them and honor the uniqueness of each person's concerns without judgment. I believe the more someone feels accepted for who they are, the more they are able to focus on their strengths and initiate change. Whether you are struggling with life transitions, healing past traumas, trying to improve your relationship or looking for parent guidance, I work hard to provide a safe space for you to reach your goals. I am versed in many evidenced-based practices: play therapy, DBT, CBT, mindfulness, ACT, and tailor therapy around your goals and needs.
I work together with my clients on what is meaningful to them and honor the uniqueness of each person's concerns without judgment. I believe the more someone feels accepted for who they are, the more they are able to focus on their strengths and initiate change. Whether you are struggling with life transitions, healing past traumas, trying to improve your relationship or looking for parent guidance, I work hard to provide a safe space for you to reach your goals. I am versed in many evidenced-based practices: play therapy, DBT, CBT, mindfulness, ACT, and tailor therapy around your goals and needs.
(847) 416-6059 View (847) 416-6059
Photo of Dr. Steven Neren, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Steven Neren
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
Do you feel unfulfilled, in a rut, anxious, depressed or just frustrated that your not living your life to your full potential? Do you feel dissatisfied with your relationships or with your job or career? Do you feel that there is more to life and that you wish you could get more focused and motivated and have more meaning and purpose in your life? I have helped many people with these types of struggles and challenges and I feel that I can be of help to you as well.
Do you feel unfulfilled, in a rut, anxious, depressed or just frustrated that your not living your life to your full potential? Do you feel dissatisfied with your relationships or with your job or career? Do you feel that there is more to life and that you wish you could get more focused and motivated and have more meaning and purpose in your life? I have helped many people with these types of struggles and challenges and I feel that I can be of help to you as well.
(847) 226-1008 View (847) 226-1008
Photo of Patricia Roy - The Chicago Integrative Center for Psychology
The Chicago Integrative Center for Psychology
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60077
When it comes to mental health treatment, our approach is simple and unique: our accomplished team of physicians and therapists work together to diagnose and treat your body, mind and spirit as a whole. We are one of the few practices combining traditional treatment with evidence-based alternative therapies, all under one roof. We are privileged to have changed the lives of many families in Chicago's North Shore, as well as out-of-state and foreign visitors. Our "whole body" approach to treating mental health conditions is supported by clinical studies. These include but are not limited to: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), diet and exercise, spiritual/social evaluation, yoga and art therapy. Many still focus only on the brain, treating symptoms, not causes. In many cases they over-prescribe medications. While our physicians do prescribe medications as needed, what sets us apart is our commitment to explore all options. We search for root causes and provide the most appropriate treatment, not merely the most convenient one. When we do prescribe, we go the extra mile to customize a plan that minimizes side effects. You and your family deserve the best in healthcare!
When it comes to mental health treatment, our approach is simple and unique: our accomplished team of physicians and therapists work together to diagnose and treat your body, mind and spirit as a whole. We are one of the few practices combining traditional treatment with evidence-based alternative therapies, all under one roof. We are privileged to have changed the lives of many families in Chicago's North Shore, as well as out-of-state and foreign visitors. Our "whole body" approach to treating mental health conditions is supported by clinical studies. These include but are not limited to: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), diet and exercise, spiritual/social evaluation, yoga and art therapy. Many still focus only on the brain, treating symptoms, not causes. In many cases they over-prescribe medications. While our physicians do prescribe medications as needed, what sets us apart is our commitment to explore all options. We search for root causes and provide the most appropriate treatment, not merely the most convenient one. When we do prescribe, we go the extra mile to customize a plan that minimizes side effects. You and your family deserve the best in healthcare!
(224) 427-6245 x1302 View (224) 427-6245 x1302
Photo of Rick Simon, MEd, LCPC, Counselor
Rick Simon
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Skokie, IL 60076
There are times in our lives when we face problems that can overburden us with distress and discontent. These can include struggles with troubling moods and emotions such as depression, anxiety, anger and self-doubt; challenges navigating our roles and relationships as parents, partners and professionals; and difficulties adjusting to life-altering events such as a death, a divorce, or a major transition. I specialize in family-focused counseling aimed at helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples to address these concerns in ways that lead them to cope more skillfully, connect more positively, and live more hopefully.
There are times in our lives when we face problems that can overburden us with distress and discontent. These can include struggles with troubling moods and emotions such as depression, anxiety, anger and self-doubt; challenges navigating our roles and relationships as parents, partners and professionals; and difficulties adjusting to life-altering events such as a death, a divorce, or a major transition. I specialize in family-focused counseling aimed at helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples to address these concerns in ways that lead them to cope more skillfully, connect more positively, and live more hopefully.
(312) 756-0435 View (312) 756-0435
Photo of Emily Lieber, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Lieber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Skokie, IL 60076
During life's challenging moments, most of us benefit from the support of a non judgmental guide. People have told me they feel safe with me. Whether you are dealing with work/school stress, struggling with anxiety or depression, coping with parenting, experiencing loss, or are looking for support with a relationship, I can help you to better understand stuck areas in your life. I see individuals, couples, adolescents and families. I have an interactive, supportive, and open approach. When working with individuals, we will work together to gain greater self understanding and discover workable solutions.
During life's challenging moments, most of us benefit from the support of a non judgmental guide. People have told me they feel safe with me. Whether you are dealing with work/school stress, struggling with anxiety or depression, coping with parenting, experiencing loss, or are looking for support with a relationship, I can help you to better understand stuck areas in your life. I see individuals, couples, adolescents and families. I have an interactive, supportive, and open approach. When working with individuals, we will work together to gain greater self understanding and discover workable solutions.
(872) 241-1109 View (872) 241-1109
Photo of Shira Lichtenstein, AM, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shira Lichtenstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Skokie, IL 60076
I use a collaborative treatment approach and different behavioral therapies to help clients develop skills to live more effective and meaningful lives. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is at the core of supporting clients to reach their goals. I focus on each client and their level of need and recognize what works with one individual may not work for another. I use evidence based treatment to best support each client to help navigate their journey. I am passionate about mental health issues and strongly believe that given the right tools and resources, anyone can improve their mental health.
I use a collaborative treatment approach and different behavioral therapies to help clients develop skills to live more effective and meaningful lives. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is at the core of supporting clients to reach their goals. I focus on each client and their level of need and recognize what works with one individual may not work for another. I use evidence based treatment to best support each client to help navigate their journey. I am passionate about mental health issues and strongly believe that given the right tools and resources, anyone can improve their mental health.
(312) 872-7146 View (312) 872-7146
Photo of Elie Saltzman - Chicago Mind Solutions, PsyD, BCN, Psychologist
Chicago Mind Solutions
Psychologist, PsyD, BCN
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
Most of my work is assessment and therapy. I love working with children and their families where the family dynamics may be creating some stress within the family system. I enjoy the process of getting children and families engaged in therapy and working together to identify the values of the children and their families. Clients who are looking to strengthen their family bonds and develop their family unit are some of my favorite things to work on. Much of my interest and experience has been around bullying and trauma, and I greatly enjoy being a part of the growth my clients make while addressing these issues.
Most of my work is assessment and therapy. I love working with children and their families where the family dynamics may be creating some stress within the family system. I enjoy the process of getting children and families engaged in therapy and working together to identify the values of the children and their families. Clients who are looking to strengthen their family bonds and develop their family unit are some of my favorite things to work on. Much of my interest and experience has been around bullying and trauma, and I greatly enjoy being a part of the growth my clients make while addressing these issues.
(847) 665-0731 View (847) 665-0731
Photo of Jessica Levy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Levy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Skokie, IL 60076
At Here & Now our goal is to help each client discover the joy of feeling comfortable in their skin and knowing their purpose in life. Our clinical specialists thoughtfully and compassionately tailor a wellness hub of solutions to each client’s unique needs. Our Wellness Hub of professionals incorporates evidence-based practices. Everyone's Hub at Here & Now is unique; it may involve Psychiatry, Ketamine or Talk therapy, Neurobiofeedback/brain training, Infusion therapy, Art therapy, Hypnosis, Breath work, VR exposure therapy, EMDR, Movement and Somatic work. We also offer trusted resources for overcoming substance abuse issues.
At Here & Now our goal is to help each client discover the joy of feeling comfortable in their skin and knowing their purpose in life. Our clinical specialists thoughtfully and compassionately tailor a wellness hub of solutions to each client’s unique needs. Our Wellness Hub of professionals incorporates evidence-based practices. Everyone's Hub at Here & Now is unique; it may involve Psychiatry, Ketamine or Talk therapy, Neurobiofeedback/brain training, Infusion therapy, Art therapy, Hypnosis, Breath work, VR exposure therapy, EMDR, Movement and Somatic work. We also offer trusted resources for overcoming substance abuse issues.
(847) 242-2348 View (847) 242-2348
Photo of Alexandra Gonzalez, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
Since 2009, I have I have worked with children, adolescents, adults and parents with a special focus in anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, grief and loss, and life transitions. I have the Level 1 Theraplay Certification which works with children and parents to enhance attachment and increase self-regulation skills. I believe in focusing on bridging the therapy space to other environments so parents and schools will be included in treatment planning and updates. I also work with new and expectant parents, and received the level 1 PSI training to help support in this significant life transition.
Since 2009, I have I have worked with children, adolescents, adults and parents with a special focus in anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, grief and loss, and life transitions. I have the Level 1 Theraplay Certification which works with children and parents to enhance attachment and increase self-regulation skills. I believe in focusing on bridging the therapy space to other environments so parents and schools will be included in treatment planning and updates. I also work with new and expectant parents, and received the level 1 PSI training to help support in this significant life transition.
(224) 243-3992 View (224) 243-3992
Photo of Melody Jackson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melody Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
My passion for being a Psychotherapist stems from the desire to help others reach their highest potential, no matter the obstacles in life. Individual therapy creates a confidential, caring, and safe environment that promotes self-discovery and growth. My philosophy aims to meet you where you are and to guide and support you by building hope, resiliency, and self–love. I will empower you by using therapeutic strategies that instill aspiration, courage, and progress. Couples treatment provides a safe and trusting environment where we can identify issues and achieve growth.
My passion for being a Psychotherapist stems from the desire to help others reach their highest potential, no matter the obstacles in life. Individual therapy creates a confidential, caring, and safe environment that promotes self-discovery and growth. My philosophy aims to meet you where you are and to guide and support you by building hope, resiliency, and self–love. I will empower you by using therapeutic strategies that instill aspiration, courage, and progress. Couples treatment provides a safe and trusting environment where we can identify issues and achieve growth.
(773) 906-7834 View (773) 906-7834
Photo of Lara Hayes, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lara Hayes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
As a firm believer in the power of genuine human connection, the dynamic between my clients and I is of my highest priority. A professor and mentor once said, “The question should not be, ‘What’s wrong with you?’ But rather, ‘What has happened to you?’” This quote shapes every conversation I hold with my clients. I am dedicated to breaking down the stigma of traditional talk therapy, particularly for young folks, by empowering my clients to rewrite their own narrative and understand their neurological roots, to become the best version of themself, for themself, their relationships, and their future.
As a firm believer in the power of genuine human connection, the dynamic between my clients and I is of my highest priority. A professor and mentor once said, “The question should not be, ‘What’s wrong with you?’ But rather, ‘What has happened to you?’” This quote shapes every conversation I hold with my clients. I am dedicated to breaking down the stigma of traditional talk therapy, particularly for young folks, by empowering my clients to rewrite their own narrative and understand their neurological roots, to become the best version of themself, for themself, their relationships, and their future.
(773) 364-1686 View (773) 364-1686
Photo of Stephanie Larson, LSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stephanie Larson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60077
Life can be an unexpected wave in the water that makes you feel unsteady, or it can be a giant wave that overwhelms you, and it keeps coming, and it is hard to regain your sense of balance. But when a helping hand reaches out, it can help you to find your strength and balance. Whether it feels like a big or small wave, I can be that support and guidance so when the waves come, you can brace them and keep going. I believe in providing empathetic care and guidance through a collaborative therapeutic relationship by navigating the unique experiences that influence each client’s life.
Life can be an unexpected wave in the water that makes you feel unsteady, or it can be a giant wave that overwhelms you, and it keeps coming, and it is hard to regain your sense of balance. But when a helping hand reaches out, it can help you to find your strength and balance. Whether it feels like a big or small wave, I can be that support and guidance so when the waves come, you can brace them and keep going. I believe in providing empathetic care and guidance through a collaborative therapeutic relationship by navigating the unique experiences that influence each client’s life.
(773) 780-2810 View (773) 780-2810
Photo of Dalia Vaisaite - Unify Counseling Inc: Individual & Couples , LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Unify Counseling Inc: Individual & Couples
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60077
Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, stressed out, confused, frustrated, discouraged, disappointed, lost, anxious, sad or angry, you are not alone. Most of us experience those feelings at some point in our lives. We care about the people we serve, and we believe every person is individual, authentic, and unique. We use evidence-based practice (EBP) methods for mental health to help children, pre-teens, teenagers, adults, couples, and families to live their best lives. We understand that therapy can seem scary and intimidating, though we know that finding the support you need is the key to starting the self- healing process.
Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, stressed out, confused, frustrated, discouraged, disappointed, lost, anxious, sad or angry, you are not alone. Most of us experience those feelings at some point in our lives. We care about the people we serve, and we believe every person is individual, authentic, and unique. We use evidence-based practice (EBP) methods for mental health to help children, pre-teens, teenagers, adults, couples, and families to live their best lives. We understand that therapy can seem scary and intimidating, though we know that finding the support you need is the key to starting the self- healing process.
(773) 985-3761 View (773) 985-3761
Photo of Sylvia K Kyobe - Errie Counseling and Therapy Inc, PhD
Errie Counseling and Therapy Inc
PhD
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
I am Dr. Sylvia Kobe, and I am a Licensed Clinical psychologist. My associate Dr. Mary-Zitta Muabe and I collaborate to cover a broad counseling spectrum. Together Dr. Muabe and I specialize in marriage, family therapy, and spiritual maturity. We also work with teens, young adults, and individuals battling anxiety, depression, or struggles to cope with every-life issues. We believe in empowering our clients, encouraging them to see that life is all about second chances, and with the right kind of intervention, the best is yet to come.
I am Dr. Sylvia Kobe, and I am a Licensed Clinical psychologist. My associate Dr. Mary-Zitta Muabe and I collaborate to cover a broad counseling spectrum. Together Dr. Muabe and I specialize in marriage, family therapy, and spiritual maturity. We also work with teens, young adults, and individuals battling anxiety, depression, or struggles to cope with every-life issues. We believe in empowering our clients, encouraging them to see that life is all about second chances, and with the right kind of intervention, the best is yet to come.
(847) 796-8905 View (847) 796-8905
Photo of Ilana Dress, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ilana Dress
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
Not accepting new clients
I believe the most successful clients are open-minded and curious, patient with the therapeutic process, and motivated to put in the work necessary to create the change they want to see in themselves and actualize their potential.
I believe the most successful clients are open-minded and curious, patient with the therapeutic process, and motivated to put in the work necessary to create the change they want to see in themselves and actualize their potential.
(224) 328-2957 View (224) 328-2957
Photo of Jennifer Cox, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Cox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Skokie, IL 60076
Not accepting new clients
I help others actualize the change they desire. I believe all humans possess inherit worth and value and I use a person-first lens with clients. Therapy is a place to feel heard, connect in a genuine way, and practice relational living with a supportive professional. Are you a parent needing help because your teen is struggling? Maybe you are a teen who is questioning their identity, or an adult looking for help through life transitions. My hope for clients is they come as they are, be honest about what they need, and reconnect with their truest self for long-lasting change.
I help others actualize the change they desire. I believe all humans possess inherit worth and value and I use a person-first lens with clients. Therapy is a place to feel heard, connect in a genuine way, and practice relational living with a supportive professional. Are you a parent needing help because your teen is struggling? Maybe you are a teen who is questioning their identity, or an adult looking for help through life transitions. My hope for clients is they come as they are, be honest about what they need, and reconnect with their truest self for long-lasting change.
(312) 376-4922 View (312) 376-4922

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lauren Engelhard, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Engelhard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Evanston, IL 60208
When working with children, I frequently use play therapy and utilize elements of evidence-based theories, like Parent-Child Interaction Therapy.
I'm a queer therapist who often works with LGBTQ+, BIPOC, and Latine children, adults, couples/partners, families, and polycules, while being mindful of my white identity. My areas of interest include identity exploration and intersectionality, difficulties related to sex and intimacy, challenges in communication between partners, and non-monogamous and polyamorous relationships. I work across the lifespan and have experience with children as young as three years old through adulthood. I often pull from frameworks like psychodynamic theory, person-centered therapy, and attachment theory.
When working with children, I frequently use play therapy and utilize elements of evidence-based theories, like Parent-Child Interaction Therapy.
I'm a queer therapist who often works with LGBTQ+, BIPOC, and Latine children, adults, couples/partners, families, and polycules, while being mindful of my white identity. My areas of interest include identity exploration and intersectionality, difficulties related to sex and intimacy, challenges in communication between partners, and non-monogamous and polyamorous relationships. I work across the lifespan and have experience with children as young as three years old through adulthood. I often pull from frameworks like psychodynamic theory, person-centered therapy, and attachment theory.
(872) 401-8481 View (872) 401-8481
Photo of Michelle Robinson, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michelle Robinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Evanston, IL 60201  (Online Only)
Thank you for taking the time to learn more about me! My ideal clients are looking for a strength-based approach where they are more than a "psychiatric diagnosis." My clients come from many backgrounds - they are children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families - and are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, women’s issues, anger management, ADHD, autistic spectrum disorder, addiction issues, couples therapy, and working through LGBTQ+ issues. I partner with my clients in the change process and empower them through using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and other tailored approaches.
Thank you for taking the time to learn more about me! My ideal clients are looking for a strength-based approach where they are more than a "psychiatric diagnosis." My clients come from many backgrounds - they are children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families - and are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, women’s issues, anger management, ADHD, autistic spectrum disorder, addiction issues, couples therapy, and working through LGBTQ+ issues. I partner with my clients in the change process and empower them through using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and other tailored approaches.
(312) 313-4413 View (312) 313-4413
Photo of Ann J Harvey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann J Harvey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wilmette, IL 60091
Are you looking for a safe place to be heard, relax and discover your potential within your life, family, and community systems? Do your choices incorporate your dreams and aspirations? Are they reflective of the realities and responsibiliteis that tug you and yours in directions that require better communication patterns, thought restructuring and balance? Do you sometimes struggle to give yourself and others the grace to grow, learn from the past and move forward with dignity? Consider coming in to talk and be heard, or sit quietly and let things settle while we get to know each other. Every day is a new opportunity.
Are you looking for a safe place to be heard, relax and discover your potential within your life, family, and community systems? Do your choices incorporate your dreams and aspirations? Are they reflective of the realities and responsibiliteis that tug you and yours in directions that require better communication patterns, thought restructuring and balance? Do you sometimes struggle to give yourself and others the grace to grow, learn from the past and move forward with dignity? Consider coming in to talk and be heard, or sit quietly and let things settle while we get to know each other. Every day is a new opportunity.
(224) 970-2279 View (224) 970-2279
Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists

Does parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) work?

PCIT is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective across domains, including for children with behavioral problems, those on the autism spectrum, and those who have experienced early childhood trauma. Further, studies have found that the skills developed through PCIT benefit not only the child in therapy but also siblings, as the parent internalizes lessons learned in sessions and is able to incorporate them into interactions with other family members.

How long does PCIT last?

The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and treatment lasts, on average, between 12 and 20 sessions. Factors that influence treatment duration include how regularly a client attends treatment, how much progress is achieved between sessions, the particular skills that need development, and the extent to which the parent and therapist see improvement.

Can PCIT be done online?

PCIT is among the therapy types best suited for video sessions. Therapists are able to communicate with parents with essentially the same ease, and by observing the parent and child at home in their normal environment, the therapist may gain additional insight into their interactions, as the child will have their normal toys and may feel more comfortable and act more naturally than they would in a therapist’s room.

Does PCIT help parents?

In addition to the skills parents develop through the treatment, PCIT has also been shown to reduce frustration, stress, and depression in parents and promote confidence and a sense of calm when dealing with their children. The desired outcomes of PCIT include a reduction in defiant and aggressive behavior by children and an improvement in communicating their feelings productively, complying with parental instruction, and behaving according to parents’ rules. Growth in these areas can be a relief for parents.