Therapists in Sangamon County, IL

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Photo of Amy Filter, MSN, RN
Amy Filter
MSN, RN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62704
I often work with clients of all ages who desire to determine how to FEEL better through other options, such as using their breath during a breathwork session or utilizing the Safe and Sound Protocol. Both modalities support clients with anxiousness, depression and post traumatic stress disorder, to name a few. The modalities offered start with the feelings first through breath and music, then we discover the why afterwards. Often, you will not need to speak too much, but rather simply trust your body and what it wants to express, release and be recognized, while I guide your through the recognition process in a safe space.
I often work with clients of all ages who desire to determine how to FEEL better through other options, such as using their breath during a breathwork session or utilizing the Safe and Sound Protocol. Both modalities support clients with anxiousness, depression and post traumatic stress disorder, to name a few. The modalities offered start with the feelings first through breath and music, then we discover the why afterwards. Often, you will not need to speak too much, but rather simply trust your body and what it wants to express, release and be recognized, while I guide your through the recognition process in a safe space.
(309) 869-8051 View (309) 869-8051
Photo of Jacob Reid, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jacob Reid
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
With a multicultural perspective, I embrace the value of diverse experiences, cultures, and identities. My approach is rooted in cultural sensitivity, empathy, and understanding, creating a safe and welcoming space for individuals from all walks of life. Whether you're navigating life transitions, seeking personal growth, or confronting challenges, I'm committed to walking alongside you on this journey, honoring your unique story and the courage it takes to share it. Let's work together to uncover new possibilities, healing, and transformation.
With a multicultural perspective, I embrace the value of diverse experiences, cultures, and identities. My approach is rooted in cultural sensitivity, empathy, and understanding, creating a safe and welcoming space for individuals from all walks of life. Whether you're navigating life transitions, seeking personal growth, or confronting challenges, I'm committed to walking alongside you on this journey, honoring your unique story and the courage it takes to share it. Let's work together to uncover new possibilities, healing, and transformation.
(217) 279-9823 View (217) 279-9823
Photo of Meg L Lorton - Professional Counseling Offices, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Professional Counseling Offices
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62704
Specialist in child through adult -Mindfulness coping strategies for anxiety , depression and ADHD. Couples counseling and also transformation process of transgender - at any age range.
Specialist in child through adult -Mindfulness coping strategies for anxiety , depression and ADHD. Couples counseling and also transformation process of transgender - at any age range.
(217) 290-2395 View (217) 290-2395
Photo of Brittany Helmich - Brittany Helmich- Behavioral Health Center of IL., LCPC, CADC, MA
Brittany Helmich- Behavioral Health Center of IL.
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC, MA
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62703
Brittany Helmich is a LCPC and CADC. She attained her Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology and Criminal Justice from Blackburn College and her Master's Degree in Clinical Adult Psychology from Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville. Brittany’s clinical experience ranges from Wells Center, community mental health, both Gateway residential and outpatient substance use disorder treatment, drug court, Memorial psychiatric response team and crisis counseling, and working with service members and their families through the Illinois Army and Air National Guard. Brittany’s therapeutic experience includes working with children,
Brittany Helmich is a LCPC and CADC. She attained her Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology and Criminal Justice from Blackburn College and her Master's Degree in Clinical Adult Psychology from Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville. Brittany’s clinical experience ranges from Wells Center, community mental health, both Gateway residential and outpatient substance use disorder treatment, drug court, Memorial psychiatric response team and crisis counseling, and working with service members and their families through the Illinois Army and Air National Guard. Brittany’s therapeutic experience includes working with children,
(217) 290-1345 View (217) 290-1345
Photo of Karyn Warford, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karyn Warford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62703
Hi! I’m a licensed therapist with over 6 years of experience helping individuals with issues such as anxiety, depression, women's issues, relationship issues, addiction, ADHD, stress, and more. I draw from modalities such as Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dance/Movement Therapy, and the Gottman Method. If you’re feeling stuck in the same patterns that keep you from living your most meaningful life and reaching your goals, or your current strategies aren’t helping you to achieve your bigger goals, I can help.
Hi! I’m a licensed therapist with over 6 years of experience helping individuals with issues such as anxiety, depression, women's issues, relationship issues, addiction, ADHD, stress, and more. I draw from modalities such as Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dance/Movement Therapy, and the Gottman Method. If you’re feeling stuck in the same patterns that keep you from living your most meaningful life and reaching your goals, or your current strategies aren’t helping you to achieve your bigger goals, I can help.
(217) 292-6925 View (217) 292-6925
Photo of Julie Blythe, RN, MDiv, LCSW, CCTP-II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Blythe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RN, MDiv, LCSW, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
I am glad you are here. In order to know whether I am a good fit for you, let me tell you about myself and my understanding of what it means to be your therapist. After working as an R.N. and a pastor/chaplain, I realized that counseling was truly my passion. So, I went back to school – again! I received my Master’s in Social Work and have been working as a therapist for the last five years. In my practice, I see adults and children aged 10 and up. I am willing to consider seeing younger children on a case-by-case basis. I also do couple’s therapy. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional - II and specialize in trauma.
I am glad you are here. In order to know whether I am a good fit for you, let me tell you about myself and my understanding of what it means to be your therapist. After working as an R.N. and a pastor/chaplain, I realized that counseling was truly my passion. So, I went back to school – again! I received my Master’s in Social Work and have been working as a therapist for the last five years. In my practice, I see adults and children aged 10 and up. I am willing to consider seeing younger children on a case-by-case basis. I also do couple’s therapy. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional - II and specialize in trauma.
(217) 996-9423 View (217) 996-9423
Photo of Margie Wheelhouse, MA, LMFT, LPC, NCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Margie Wheelhouse
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62704
Hope is better when it's combined with a plan. If you're having too many fights without resolution, I can help you. I help couples figure out how to resolve stuff once and for all. Even when you're successful in most areas of life, It's hard to be happy when problems are chronically unresolved. It's even worse when the past hangs over the relationship, or you feel like room-mates. If your relationship problems are weighing down your otherwise great life, then counseling can make a big difference.
Hope is better when it's combined with a plan. If you're having too many fights without resolution, I can help you. I help couples figure out how to resolve stuff once and for all. Even when you're successful in most areas of life, It's hard to be happy when problems are chronically unresolved. It's even worse when the past hangs over the relationship, or you feel like room-mates. If your relationship problems are weighing down your otherwise great life, then counseling can make a big difference.
(217) 703-1410 View (217) 703-1410
Photo of Rebecca Marshall, LCPC, MA, EMDR, Counselor
Rebecca Marshall
Counselor, LCPC, MA, EMDR
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62703
I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client is very important. It’s very important to me that I create strong relationships with my clients based on trust and acceptance. I take a holistic approach, as our mental health is as important as our physical health, and they are often related to one another. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy and a person-centered approach. I can assist people who have mood disorders, anxiety, grief, trauma, substance abuse, parenting and family conflicts and LGBTQ support. I specialize working with adolescents, adults, & couples
I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client is very important. It’s very important to me that I create strong relationships with my clients based on trust and acceptance. I take a holistic approach, as our mental health is as important as our physical health, and they are often related to one another. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy and a person-centered approach. I can assist people who have mood disorders, anxiety, grief, trauma, substance abuse, parenting and family conflicts and LGBTQ support. I specialize working with adolescents, adults, & couples
(217) 635-3684 View (217) 635-3684
Photo of Melissa McCulloch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa McCulloch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
Not accepting new clients
Life is full of change. Some of these changes can be difficult to navigate alone. Whether you are grieving the loss of a loved one or feeling overwhelmed and anxious with life in general, I am here to help. It can be challenging to cope with your own grief let alone the grief your child is experiencing. I have years of experience helping individuals of all ages cope with life changes.
Life is full of change. Some of these changes can be difficult to navigate alone. Whether you are grieving the loss of a loved one or feeling overwhelmed and anxious with life in general, I am here to help. It can be challenging to cope with your own grief let alone the grief your child is experiencing. I have years of experience helping individuals of all ages cope with life changes.
(217) 764-7560 View (217) 764-7560
Cynthia Martin Wadsworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62701
Compassionate, active, and evidence-based treatment help you heal with a focus on your goals. I am trained in working with young children. I see children 0-5, school aged children, teens, and adults. We will work as a team together to meet your needs. Our relationship will help you gain and maintain mental health and overcome difficulties. I look forward to meeting you and assisting you.
Compassionate, active, and evidence-based treatment help you heal with a focus on your goals. I am trained in working with young children. I see children 0-5, school aged children, teens, and adults. We will work as a team together to meet your needs. Our relationship will help you gain and maintain mental health and overcome difficulties. I look forward to meeting you and assisting you.
(833) 969-1309 View (833) 969-1309
Photo of Sarah Spurling, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Spurling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62711
Sarah Spurling (she/they) is a compassionate Licensed Social Worker based in Illinois, holding an MSW from the University at Buffalo, SUNY. With a commitment to cultural sensitivity and supporting LGBTQ+ populations, Sarah's practice is grounded in an identity-affirming, anti-oppressive framework that respects and validates diverse lived experiences. Drawing from a rich tapestry of therapeutic modalities including psychodynamic/psychoanalytic, humanistic, existential, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapies, Sarah tailors her approach to each individual's unique needs and circumstances.
Sarah Spurling (she/they) is a compassionate Licensed Social Worker based in Illinois, holding an MSW from the University at Buffalo, SUNY. With a commitment to cultural sensitivity and supporting LGBTQ+ populations, Sarah's practice is grounded in an identity-affirming, anti-oppressive framework that respects and validates diverse lived experiences. Drawing from a rich tapestry of therapeutic modalities including psychodynamic/psychoanalytic, humanistic, existential, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapies, Sarah tailors her approach to each individual's unique needs and circumstances.
(217) 834-1983 View (217) 834-1983
Photo of Margaret (Meg) Louise Lorton, MSW, LSSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Margaret (Meg) Louise Lorton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
Hello, my name is Meg Lorton and my professional degrees are: LCSW, Master's in Social Work and further education specializing in Behavioral tracking and Interventions, what you need to know about my qualifications is; that I have 30+ years of life experience working with children and families as well as individuals and couples. Working with methods of mindfulness, goal tracking, and CBT together we will process therapeutic techniques and find positive solutions for life growth and outlook for the future. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I address issues with social communication: the need to develop communication skills
Hello, my name is Meg Lorton and my professional degrees are: LCSW, Master's in Social Work and further education specializing in Behavioral tracking and Interventions, what you need to know about my qualifications is; that I have 30+ years of life experience working with children and families as well as individuals and couples. Working with methods of mindfulness, goal tracking, and CBT together we will process therapeutic techniques and find positive solutions for life growth and outlook for the future. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I address issues with social communication: the need to develop communication skills
(217) 290-1522 View (217) 290-1522
Photo of Jessica Lauren Robinson, MSW, LSW
Jessica Lauren Robinson
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62704
Every person experiences emotions differently, and it can be scary. Therapy can help you to understand your emotions better and learn how to feel your emotions in a healthy way. Therapy isn’t just a therapist talking at you, it's a combined effort between you and your therapist. You are in control every step of the way and you get to define the progress that you make.
Every person experiences emotions differently, and it can be scary. Therapy can help you to understand your emotions better and learn how to feel your emotions in a healthy way. Therapy isn’t just a therapist talking at you, it's a combined effort between you and your therapist. You are in control every step of the way and you get to define the progress that you make.
(217) 714-7042 View (217) 714-7042
Photo of Rachel Stewart, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62711
Now accepting new clients! I have a passion for working with children who have been through trauma, and who struggle with maladaptive behaviors, anxiety, ADHD, & relational issues. I also work with parents to build knowledge, communication, & a plan that works for both child & parent.
Now accepting new clients! I have a passion for working with children who have been through trauma, and who struggle with maladaptive behaviors, anxiety, ADHD, & relational issues. I also work with parents to build knowledge, communication, & a plan that works for both child & parent.
(217) 965-8350 View (217) 965-8350
Photo of Dr. Matthew Evan Sprong - Empathic Empowerment Counseling, LCPC, LPC, CADC, CLCP, CRC, Counselor
Empathic Empowerment Counseling
Counselor, LCPC, LPC, CADC, CLCP, CRC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62701  (Online Only)
My personal mission in counseling is to empower, inspire, and educate clients to overcome barriers to improve their psychological well-being and quality of life. Counseling is a caring and powerful way to help people. It's based on the idea that every person has value and the ability to bounce back from tough times. My company, Empathic Empowerment Counseling, PLLC provides services with the same passion and each counselor was trained by me or Dr. Lucy Parker-Barnes during their graduate education and post-clinical supervision.
My personal mission in counseling is to empower, inspire, and educate clients to overcome barriers to improve their psychological well-being and quality of life. Counseling is a caring and powerful way to help people. It's based on the idea that every person has value and the ability to bounce back from tough times. My company, Empathic Empowerment Counseling, PLLC provides services with the same passion and each counselor was trained by me or Dr. Lucy Parker-Barnes during their graduate education and post-clinical supervision.
(217) 393-8942 View (217) 393-8942
Photo of Janet Sgro - Art Therapist at RX Art Therapy, Inc., MAATC, ATR-P, Art Therapist
Art Therapist at RX Art Therapy, Inc.
Art Therapist, MAATC, ATR-P
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62701
Art therapy involves the body, mind and spirit. I believe that we all have the innate ability to heal. We have a nourishing environment to process, allowing for increased insight into any issues, removing roadblocks to growth, and reframe perceptions. I emphasize the use of art, movement and mindfulness in a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Art therapy gives an opportunity to facilitate integration that can lead to a new state of embodiment and awareness improving your quality of life.
Art therapy involves the body, mind and spirit. I believe that we all have the innate ability to heal. We have a nourishing environment to process, allowing for increased insight into any issues, removing roadblocks to growth, and reframe perceptions. I emphasize the use of art, movement and mindfulness in a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Art therapy gives an opportunity to facilitate integration that can lead to a new state of embodiment and awareness improving your quality of life.
(217) 631-8130 View (217) 631-8130
Photo of Cathy L Brown, MA, NCC, LCPC
Cathy L Brown
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor , MA, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704
Offering 20+ years of skilled counseling experience specializing in child and adolescent issues including ADHD, anxiety, depression and all school issues. I have special training in adult issues related to self-improvement, anxiety, depression, mood and personality disorders, codependency, abuse. parent/child relationships, and divorce recovery.
Offering 20+ years of skilled counseling experience specializing in child and adolescent issues including ADHD, anxiety, depression and all school issues. I have special training in adult issues related to self-improvement, anxiety, depression, mood and personality disorders, codependency, abuse. parent/child relationships, and divorce recovery.
(217) 481-8078 View (217) 481-8078
Photo of Kathryn Buhle, LCPC, NCC, Counselor
Kathryn Buhle
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62704  (Online Only)
Whether support for you looks like understanding and challenging behaviors, learning what a healthy relationship looks like, or shifting negative beliefs about yourself, I work with my clients to identify values and goals which will guide our work together. I believe in the power of feeling heard and understood by another person to feel empowered to create change that might feel too hard to do by yourself.
Whether support for you looks like understanding and challenging behaviors, learning what a healthy relationship looks like, or shifting negative beliefs about yourself, I work with my clients to identify values and goals which will guide our work together. I believe in the power of feeling heard and understood by another person to feel empowered to create change that might feel too hard to do by yourself.
(630) 412-1661 View (630) 412-1661
Photo of Vicki Vandeveer - Personal Counseling Services - Vicki Vandeveer, MA, MA, LMFT, LCPC, CADC, MAC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Personal Counseling Services - Vicki Vandeveer, MA
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LCPC, CADC, MAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, IL 62704
People sometimes need help. Stress/anxiety, depression, grief/loss, health problems, substance abuse, traumatic events, difficult relationships or family problems can interfere with a persons health & happiness. Since 1991, Vicki Vandeveer and staff have had the privilege to work with many people who were looking for answers to the difficulties in their lives. The agency mission is simple: We work with you to develop your goals and identify next steps to achieve them. PCS is dedicated to providing professional counseling services to assist individuals, families and groups in improving their lives "one step at a time."
People sometimes need help. Stress/anxiety, depression, grief/loss, health problems, substance abuse, traumatic events, difficult relationships or family problems can interfere with a persons health & happiness. Since 1991, Vicki Vandeveer and staff have had the privilege to work with many people who were looking for answers to the difficulties in their lives. The agency mission is simple: We work with you to develop your goals and identify next steps to achieve them. PCS is dedicated to providing professional counseling services to assist individuals, families and groups in improving their lives "one step at a time."
(217) 216-8284 View (217) 216-8284
Photo of J. Graham Thompson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
J. Graham Thompson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Springfield, IL 62703  (Online Only)
I am the only fully Certified Gottman Couples Therapist in Central Illinois. This approach has been proven to be effective by empirical research. You learn skills that restore emotional communication and closeness in couples. Really hearing your partner's reality restores emotional closeness. Stop the day to day negativity as a couple. Gottman therapy targets patterns that may be impeding you in attaining your relationship goals. The therapy teaches concise skills addressing issues where the "rubber hits the ground." I am also a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Illinois. In addition to couples, I see families, children, and individuals.
I am the only fully Certified Gottman Couples Therapist in Central Illinois. This approach has been proven to be effective by empirical research. You learn skills that restore emotional communication and closeness in couples. Really hearing your partner's reality restores emotional closeness. Stop the day to day negativity as a couple. Gottman therapy targets patterns that may be impeding you in attaining your relationship goals. The therapy teaches concise skills addressing issues where the "rubber hits the ground." I am also a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Illinois. In addition to couples, I see families, children, and individuals.
(217) 645-6741 View (217) 645-6741

See more therapy options for Sangamon County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sangamon County, IL

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sangamon County, IL who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Self Esteem
67% Stress
65% Coping Skills
63% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Sangamon County, IL see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
17% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sangamon County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.