Eating Disorders Therapists in River Forest, IL

Photo of Valerie Smith Wright, LCPC, Counselor
Valerie Smith Wright
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305
I provide a gentle, encouraging environment to help clients work on relationship challenges & infidelity, eating disorders & obesity, as well as career & life transitions. I guide individuals through the dating process into healthy relationships. I have specialized clinical experience in helping people recover from addictions of all kinds (food, alcohol, drugs, sex, gambling, codependency).
I provide a gentle, encouraging environment to help clients work on relationship challenges & infidelity, eating disorders & obesity, as well as career & life transitions. I guide individuals through the dating process into healthy relationships. I have specialized clinical experience in helping people recover from addictions of all kinds (food, alcohol, drugs, sex, gambling, codependency).
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Photo of Kirsten Tesnar Svejda, PsyD, Psychologist
Kirsten Tesnar Svejda
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305
Prior to my work in individual practice, I worked at LifeSpan Counseling, a group therapy practice in Oak Park, and at Arabella House, a residential treatment home for women in recovery from eating disorders.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering therapy services to adolescents and adults in Oak Park, IL. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, trauma, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. In my treatment of complex issues, I provide both individual and family therapy and value collaborating with other healthcare providers for multidisciplinary care. I work from a mindfulness-based and trauma-informed lens, utilizing body-based, symptom-focused interventions and exploring interpersonal relationships as methods to encourage change.
Prior to my work in individual practice, I worked at LifeSpan Counseling, a group therapy practice in Oak Park, and at Arabella House, a residential treatment home for women in recovery from eating disorders.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering therapy services to adolescents and adults in Oak Park, IL. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, trauma, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. In my treatment of complex issues, I provide both individual and family therapy and value collaborating with other healthcare providers for multidisciplinary care. I work from a mindfulness-based and trauma-informed lens, utilizing body-based, symptom-focused interventions and exploring interpersonal relationships as methods to encourage change.
(708) 885-9939 View (708) 885-9939
Photo of Madeleine Mears, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Madeleine Mears
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305  (Online Only)
Maybe your anxiety is becoming too difficult to manage or perhaps your relationships aren't working? Maybe your relationship with your body and food is not in a great place or you have experienced trauma and are looking for healing? Regardless of the circumstance that brings you into therapy, starting therapy is a courageous step. I firmly believe in the power of therapy to bring about healing and growth. As a therapist, I believe in creating a safe and warm environment where you can come as you are and feel heard and seen. I will help you learn to love yourself more, grow in your confidence, and increase overall wellbeing.
Maybe your anxiety is becoming too difficult to manage or perhaps your relationships aren't working? Maybe your relationship with your body and food is not in a great place or you have experienced trauma and are looking for healing? Regardless of the circumstance that brings you into therapy, starting therapy is a courageous step. I firmly believe in the power of therapy to bring about healing and growth. As a therapist, I believe in creating a safe and warm environment where you can come as you are and feel heard and seen. I will help you learn to love yourself more, grow in your confidence, and increase overall wellbeing.
(708) 938-3302 View (708) 938-3302
Photo of Heidi McCardell-Wentworth, LCPC, BC-DMT, Counselor
Heidi McCardell-Wentworth
Counselor, LCPC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305
Are you tired and stressed out? Do you wish you could start feeling better now? I can help you figure out how! I support adults and couples who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship distress, disordered eating, and life transitions.
Are you tired and stressed out? Do you wish you could start feeling better now? I can help you figure out how! I support adults and couples who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship distress, disordered eating, and life transitions.
(708) 726-3411 View (708) 726-3411
Photo of Nicole Alkaraki, LCPC, Counselor
Nicole Alkaraki
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305  (Online Only)
I provide tailored, comprehensive therapy for individuals, families, and children in a variety of settings. My expertise includes extensive work in child and family therapy, I believe that a strong therapeutic relationship is the foundation for meaningful change, and I work to ensure that clients feel safe and heard. By fostering a supportive space, I encourage collaboration with my clients, allowing us to work together toward their healing and personal growth. My goal is to empower clients to take an active role in their therapeutic journey, addressing their unique challenges and striving toward positive, lasting change.
I provide tailored, comprehensive therapy for individuals, families, and children in a variety of settings. My expertise includes extensive work in child and family therapy, I believe that a strong therapeutic relationship is the foundation for meaningful change, and I work to ensure that clients feel safe and heard. By fostering a supportive space, I encourage collaboration with my clients, allowing us to work together toward their healing and personal growth. My goal is to empower clients to take an active role in their therapeutic journey, addressing their unique challenges and striving toward positive, lasting change.
(708) 905-2856 View (708) 905-2856
Photo of Lisa S. Lombard, PhD, Psychologist
Lisa S. Lombard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305
You want to be well, content, and feel better. But, managing chronic health conditions, feeling overwhelmed by high levels of stress and anxiety, and facing unexpected and sudden loss/grief can be enormous tasks, especially during our challenging times. Across the lifespan, we face emotional, relational, and physical difficulties that are often best navigated when we are heard, supported, and able to cultivate the natural curiosity that invites us to change.
You want to be well, content, and feel better. But, managing chronic health conditions, feeling overwhelmed by high levels of stress and anxiety, and facing unexpected and sudden loss/grief can be enormous tasks, especially during our challenging times. Across the lifespan, we face emotional, relational, and physical difficulties that are often best navigated when we are heard, supported, and able to cultivate the natural curiosity that invites us to change.
(708) 475-0796 View (708) 475-0796
Photo of Amanda Jenkins, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Amanda Jenkins
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with seven years of experience in the mental health field. I received my Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from George Washington University, and since this time have received specialized training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention, and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing,) an exciting form of therapy which can target trauma, addictions, anxiety disorders, and can improve performance in work and recreational tasks.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with seven years of experience in the mental health field. I received my Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from George Washington University, and since this time have received specialized training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention, and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing,) an exciting form of therapy which can target trauma, addictions, anxiety disorders, and can improve performance in work and recreational tasks.
(708) 887-2960 View (708) 887-2960
Photo of Amy Wood, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amy Wood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305
I view therapy as a collaborative process where we work together to disempower the challenges you are facing. Our conversations will help you clarify your hopes and identify the tools needed to overcome the problems you are up against. I bring sensitivity and curiosity to foster a therapeutic space that feels safe and productive. I work with couples to strengthen communication, build trust, heal hurt, and break undesired habits. I support mothers, families and teens. I view this work as a privilege as I share in your experience of moving towards personal and relational fulfillment.
I view therapy as a collaborative process where we work together to disempower the challenges you are facing. Our conversations will help you clarify your hopes and identify the tools needed to overcome the problems you are up against. I bring sensitivity and curiosity to foster a therapeutic space that feels safe and productive. I work with couples to strengthen communication, build trust, heal hurt, and break undesired habits. I support mothers, families and teens. I view this work as a privilege as I share in your experience of moving towards personal and relational fulfillment.
(312) 248-6599 View (312) 248-6599
Photo of Margaret McGonegal, MA, LCPC
Margaret McGonegal
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305  (Online Only)
Life’s challenges happen suddenly. Without warning it feels like you can’t navigate through with confidence and calm. Instead, you are plagued with worry, hesitation, anxiety, and depression. At times, life feels like a ticking time bomb, and you are desperately searching for an effective means to diffuse it. But your coping skills aren’t working well enough, or maybe they weren’t that healthy in the first place. How are you supposed to get comfortable with the challenges you are experiencing, let alone feel you are responding in a healthy way, when everything around you – maybe even your person – can be so unpredictable?
Life’s challenges happen suddenly. Without warning it feels like you can’t navigate through with confidence and calm. Instead, you are plagued with worry, hesitation, anxiety, and depression. At times, life feels like a ticking time bomb, and you are desperately searching for an effective means to diffuse it. But your coping skills aren’t working well enough, or maybe they weren’t that healthy in the first place. How are you supposed to get comfortable with the challenges you are experiencing, let alone feel you are responding in a healthy way, when everything around you – maybe even your person – can be so unpredictable?
(312) 262-5173 View (312) 262-5173
Photo of Julia Sostrin, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julia Sostrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305
Julia Sostrin is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois. Julia meets clients where they are at, with more than a decade working with multiple diagnoses and disorders. She uses integrative and eclectic approaches in order to help clients find resolutions to issues and identify patterns which may be causing them issues. Julia has worked at all levels of care and often will employ modalities and treatment approach which best fit for the client in front of her. She will do this to help them move at a speed they can feel comfortable and happy with to make the progress they hope to see.
Julia Sostrin is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois. Julia meets clients where they are at, with more than a decade working with multiple diagnoses and disorders. She uses integrative and eclectic approaches in order to help clients find resolutions to issues and identify patterns which may be causing them issues. Julia has worked at all levels of care and often will employ modalities and treatment approach which best fit for the client in front of her. She will do this to help them move at a speed they can feel comfortable and happy with to make the progress they hope to see.
(708) 766-8438 View (708) 766-8438
Photo of Innovative Counseling Partners Pllc - Innovative Counseling Partners, PLLC, LPC, LSW, LCPC, LCSW, MA
Innovative Counseling Partners, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LPC, LSW, LCPC, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305
Our life's work is helping clients achieve a better sense of self and happiness...more recently we've recognized that without good mental health providers, finding this balance in life can be more difficult and stressful. As a result, we tend toward an Integrative approach and help our clients transform into the people they want to be. We see each client as an individual with many parts to their identity. Utilizing a holistic and systemic approach we help clients reintegrate the parts of themselves to function better as individuals and within their systems. Our focus tends toward a systems based approach using behavior methods.
Our life's work is helping clients achieve a better sense of self and happiness...more recently we've recognized that without good mental health providers, finding this balance in life can be more difficult and stressful. As a result, we tend toward an Integrative approach and help our clients transform into the people they want to be. We see each client as an individual with many parts to their identity. Utilizing a holistic and systemic approach we help clients reintegrate the parts of themselves to function better as individuals and within their systems. Our focus tends toward a systems based approach using behavior methods.
(773) 312-3612 View (773) 312-3612
Photo of Jaida McDowell, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jaida McDowell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River Forest, IL 60305
Therapy is an incredible honor of journeying alongside clients as they work towards healing and empowerment in their everyday lives. I partner with my clients in a compassionate manner where they can feel heard, valued, and encouraged to create meaningful change. I believe all clients have a unique and complex story to tell and that all can benefit from taking time to focus on their emotional/mental well-being. I am committed to helping clients learn about themselves in new ways so as to be able to tap into their own unique abilities to overcome life’s obstacles and stressors.
Therapy is an incredible honor of journeying alongside clients as they work towards healing and empowerment in their everyday lives. I partner with my clients in a compassionate manner where they can feel heard, valued, and encouraged to create meaningful change. I believe all clients have a unique and complex story to tell and that all can benefit from taking time to focus on their emotional/mental well-being. I am committed to helping clients learn about themselves in new ways so as to be able to tap into their own unique abilities to overcome life’s obstacles and stressors.
(708) 578-5679 View (708) 578-5679
Photo of Kelley Brown, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelley Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305
Kelley Brown is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois with experience in both the clinical mental health field and school counseling field. Kelley supports clients in uncovering and breaking through life's obstacles and challenges to embrace and experience being their best self. Her goal is to mobilize her clients to have self-growth and self-agency through focusing on one's strengths, finding solutions to life's challenges, and supporting in altering one's perspective to uncover the lessons in all stages of life.
Kelley Brown is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois with experience in both the clinical mental health field and school counseling field. Kelley supports clients in uncovering and breaking through life's obstacles and challenges to embrace and experience being their best self. Her goal is to mobilize her clients to have self-growth and self-agency through focusing on one's strengths, finding solutions to life's challenges, and supporting in altering one's perspective to uncover the lessons in all stages of life.
(708) 998-4138 View (708) 998-4138
Photo of Rebecca Davis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305  (Online Only)
When we are able to truly understand ourselves and our relationships, we can build a life of genuine meaning and connection. Many people enter into therapy only to find themselves gaining small amounts of insight that produce little or no changes in their life. My therapeutic methods produce results that not only change the way we feel about ourselves in the world but change our behaviors. I am respectful of the fact that everyone's pace and tolerance to different interventions varies. My work is reflective of the care and respect I have for each and every client as individuals.
When we are able to truly understand ourselves and our relationships, we can build a life of genuine meaning and connection. Many people enter into therapy only to find themselves gaining small amounts of insight that produce little or no changes in their life. My therapeutic methods produce results that not only change the way we feel about ourselves in the world but change our behaviors. I am respectful of the fact that everyone's pace and tolerance to different interventions varies. My work is reflective of the care and respect I have for each and every client as individuals.
(773) 904-2152 View (773) 904-2152
Photo of Anna Katarina Berin, LCPC
Anna Katarina Berin
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305
Katarina Berin, LPC, believes that change starts with reciprocity and respect in the therapy relationship. She encourages self-expression, affirmation, feedback, learning, and self-awareness to help clients set goals and make new behaviors possible. Katarina earned a graduate degree in community counseling from Loyola University Chicago. She works with clients age 7 to 76 and, while delighted by all life stages, has a special place in her heart for adolescents and young adults. Katarina helps individuals facing various challenges learn to live with energy, flexibility, and peace.
Katarina Berin, LPC, believes that change starts with reciprocity and respect in the therapy relationship. She encourages self-expression, affirmation, feedback, learning, and self-awareness to help clients set goals and make new behaviors possible. Katarina earned a graduate degree in community counseling from Loyola University Chicago. She works with clients age 7 to 76 and, while delighted by all life stages, has a special place in her heart for adolescents and young adults. Katarina helps individuals facing various challenges learn to live with energy, flexibility, and peace.
(708) 725-1209 View (708) 725-1209
Photo of Felicia M Owens - Higher Ground Wellness Group, PsyD, MFT, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Higher Ground Wellness Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, MFT, LPC
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305
Higher Ground Wellness Group’s mission is to provide a safe therapeutic space for all people, particularly Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Our vision is to end stigma in BIPOC communities regarding seeking mental health services, by increasing awareness and access to mental health resources. It is a courageous choice to seek therapy and with over 50 years of combined experience, Higher Ground Wellness Group is committed to providing extensive, high quality therapeutic services for individuals, couples, families in a safe and non-judgmental environment that reinforces emotional, physical, and mental wellness.
Higher Ground Wellness Group’s mission is to provide a safe therapeutic space for all people, particularly Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Our vision is to end stigma in BIPOC communities regarding seeking mental health services, by increasing awareness and access to mental health resources. It is a courageous choice to seek therapy and with over 50 years of combined experience, Higher Ground Wellness Group is committed to providing extensive, high quality therapeutic services for individuals, couples, families in a safe and non-judgmental environment that reinforces emotional, physical, and mental wellness.
(708) 340-0963 View (708) 340-0963
Photo of Suzanne Priebe, PhD, Psychologist
Suzanne Priebe
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
River Forest, IL 60305
Not accepting new clients
Does anxiety interrupt the achievement of your goals? Is life too exhausting? Are you feeling out of balance or lonely in your relationships? Have you lost focus of your dreams? My goal is to assist you in identifying your needs and creating a life that is full and satisfying. I have over 20 years of experience with adolescents, adults and couples. My practice includes treatment for depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, postpartum and parenting issues, healthy relationships, and spiritual growth. I also specialize in working with persons with body image and/or weight issues.
Does anxiety interrupt the achievement of your goals? Is life too exhausting? Are you feeling out of balance or lonely in your relationships? Have you lost focus of your dreams? My goal is to assist you in identifying your needs and creating a life that is full and satisfying. I have over 20 years of experience with adolescents, adults and couples. My practice includes treatment for depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, postpartum and parenting issues, healthy relationships, and spiritual growth. I also specialize in working with persons with body image and/or weight issues.
(847) 416-2325 View (847) 416-2325

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Niquie Dworkin, PhD, Psychologist
Niquie Dworkin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60301
I am a Psypact provider. I have a warm and interactive style and work to form a safe, trusting relationship with you. I adapt my approach to address your specific needs and can help you break behavior patterns quickly and improve relationships, self awareness, and self-esteem. I have advanced training in psychoanalytic, couple, group, and dialectical behavior therapy. I have expertise in treating eating disorders, personality disorders, addictive and compulsive behavior, trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, high conflict couples, and grief and traumatic loss. I see adults, adolescents, couples, families and groups.
I am a Psypact provider. I have a warm and interactive style and work to form a safe, trusting relationship with you. I adapt my approach to address your specific needs and can help you break behavior patterns quickly and improve relationships, self awareness, and self-esteem. I have advanced training in psychoanalytic, couple, group, and dialectical behavior therapy. I have expertise in treating eating disorders, personality disorders, addictive and compulsive behavior, trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, high conflict couples, and grief and traumatic loss. I see adults, adolescents, couples, families and groups.
(773) 747-6730 View (773) 747-6730
Photo of Jennifer Beasley - My Virtual Eating Disorder Treatment, LPC, LCPC, CEDS, Licensed Professional Counselor
My Virtual Eating Disorder Treatment
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, CEDS
Verified Verified
Oak Park, IL 60302  (Online Only)
You can connect with Jennifer for more guidance and support on helping teens with eating disorders.
Jennifer Beasley is a dedicated eating disorder recovery advocate, author, speaker, and educator who works closely with teens and their families. As a survivor of an eating disorder herself, Jennifer has firsthand experience of the challenges young people face and is passionate about guiding teens toward recovery. She focuses on helping parents, educators, and coaches build effective support systems for struggling teens. With years of experience and a compassionate approach, Jennifer offers tailored support through virtual resources, coaching services, and programs designed to empower teens and their families.
You can connect with Jennifer for more guidance and support on helping teens with eating disorders.
Jennifer Beasley is a dedicated eating disorder recovery advocate, author, speaker, and educator who works closely with teens and their families. As a survivor of an eating disorder herself, Jennifer has firsthand experience of the challenges young people face and is passionate about guiding teens toward recovery. She focuses on helping parents, educators, and coaches build effective support systems for struggling teens. With years of experience and a compassionate approach, Jennifer offers tailored support through virtual resources, coaching services, and programs designed to empower teens and their families.
(404) 689-9747 View (404) 689-9747
Photo of Katie Horan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Horan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60301
I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and issues related to trauma.
I am passionate about helping people build a healthy relationship with self and with others. I believe that we all possess unique strengths. Unfortunately, during difficult times, we can lose sight of our positive qualities and abilities. I aim to help you identify these strengths, utilize them , and build upon them during times of struggle or conflict. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most important component of any helpful treatment. My ultimate goal is to make the therapeutic process collaborative and individualized. I strive to create a partnership that is helpful to meeting your specific needs.
I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and issues related to trauma.
I am passionate about helping people build a healthy relationship with self and with others. I believe that we all possess unique strengths. Unfortunately, during difficult times, we can lose sight of our positive qualities and abilities. I aim to help you identify these strengths, utilize them , and build upon them during times of struggle or conflict. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most important component of any helpful treatment. My ultimate goal is to make the therapeutic process collaborative and individualized. I strive to create a partnership that is helpful to meeting your specific needs.
(708) 406-7960 View (708) 406-7960

See more therapy options for River Forest

Eating Disorders Therapists

What happens in therapy for eating disorders?

In therapy for eating disorders, patients typically describe their eating and exercise behaviors, their patterns of eating in relation to stress, their beliefs about their body, the ways their eating behavior affects their relationships, and their desire (or lack of it) to change. Such information helps the therapist understand the origins of the disorder and the role it plays in the patient’s life, important for guiding treatment. Attitudes and feelings about food and eating, body weight, and physical appearance are common topics of discussion throughout treatment.

What therapy types help with eating disorders?

Once any acute medical or psychiatric emergency is resolved, psychoactive medication is often prescribed, requiring the supervision of a psychiatrist. In addition, patients receive some form of nutritional counseling along with one or more forms of psychotherapy. For adolescents, family-based treatment is empirically validated and considered the first line of treatment; parents and their children meet weekly with a clinician as the adults are coached on how to nourish and psychologically support the young patient. Adults typically receive some form of individual psychotherapy, intended to resolve the cognitive and behavioral disturbances that underlie the disorder and to relieve the mood disturbances that accompany it. In addition, patients may also be helped by group therapy.

What is the goal of therapy for eating disorders?

The most immediate goal of treatment for eating disorders is to save the life of people who are on a path of starving themselves to death or engaging in eating patterns that are doing irreparable physical harm to their body. Once the acute medical danger is past, therapy is required to understand the nature of the disordered eating and/or exercise patterns, establish healthy eating behavior, and to tackle the many erroneous beliefs and distorted self-perceptions that underlie eating disorders and continue to pose a threat to health and life. Therapy also addresses the impaired mood that not only accompanies eating disorders but intensifies the danger to health and life.

What are the limitations of therapy for eating disorders?

Therapy can be very helpful for eating disorders—but that can happen only after people recognize they have a condition that must be treated. Especially with anorexia, the distortions in self-image that accompany the disorder can keep people from acknowledging they have a problem. Individuals may in fact see their eating disorder as a badge of self-control. Those with binge-eating disorder may feel too ashamed to seek help. Therapy cannot help those who do not avail themselves of it.

How long does therapy last for eating disorders?

Because of their complexity, recovery from eating disorders is usually a long-term process—measured in months and years— often marked by setbacks and relapse. Some form of help, such as individual or group therapy, may be advisable for much of that time. It is a general rule of thumb that the longer the illness has endured and the dysregulated eating behavior has taken root, the longer treatment is likely to be needed.