Therapists in Madison County, IL

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Photo of Marilyn Holmes, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marilyn Holmes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Marilyn is a Board Certified Art Therapist specializing in trauma-informed care and abuse recovery work. Marilyn has extensive experience working with adults and adolescents fleeing and recovering from domestic violence and sexual abuse, substance use recovery, depression, and anxiety. Marilyn also specializes in work with the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities and follows strengths-based, person-centered, empowerment-focused modalities.
Marilyn is a Board Certified Art Therapist specializing in trauma-informed care and abuse recovery work. Marilyn has extensive experience working with adults and adolescents fleeing and recovering from domestic violence and sexual abuse, substance use recovery, depression, and anxiety. Marilyn also specializes in work with the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities and follows strengths-based, person-centered, empowerment-focused modalities.
(618) 556-4784 View (618) 556-4784
Photo of Courtney Elizabeth Kampwerth, LCSW, ICDVP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Courtney Elizabeth Kampwerth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ICDVP
Verified Verified
Troy, IL 62294  (Online Only)
In my 10 years of helping individuals, families, and communities I have realized we all have needs/wants and those needs/wants matter. We all come to therapy with unique experiences, and you are the expert of your experience. Sometimes things can become too difficult to handle on our own and we need some extra help figuring out the best way to move forward.
In my 10 years of helping individuals, families, and communities I have realized we all have needs/wants and those needs/wants matter. We all come to therapy with unique experiences, and you are the expert of your experience. Sometimes things can become too difficult to handle on our own and we need some extra help figuring out the best way to move forward.
(618) 423-8593 View (618) 423-8593
Photo of Patrick Sobol, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patrick Sobol
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Glen Carbon, IL 62034
Update:(Current availability for Clinical Supervision) You are the expert on you. I am here to walk beside you as we increase your awareness, understanding, and insight of what has happened to you and the ways past traumatic experiences are currently affecting your life. Your brain adapted so that you could survive. Your current struggles may be from adaptations that no longer serve you. Together, we will develop this insight and engage in life changing, trauma informed, work. It is important that we, both, determine a good and ethical fit in our roles as client and therapist. Visit my websites' "About Your Therapist" tab for more.
Update:(Current availability for Clinical Supervision) You are the expert on you. I am here to walk beside you as we increase your awareness, understanding, and insight of what has happened to you and the ways past traumatic experiences are currently affecting your life. Your brain adapted so that you could survive. Your current struggles may be from adaptations that no longer serve you. Together, we will develop this insight and engage in life changing, trauma informed, work. It is important that we, both, determine a good and ethical fit in our roles as client and therapist. Visit my websites' "About Your Therapist" tab for more.
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Photo of Lizzi Varga Reinard, MA, LCPC, CFRC
Lizzi Varga Reinard
MA, LCPC, CFRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Troy, IL 62294
Invictus. Meaning undefeated, unbreachable, invincible. We go through this incredibly tough life's journey and we fight for our survival. When we reach a point where we no longer have to physically fight, our minds and bodies don't always recognize the fight has ended and we are now fighting shadows that once were. I know trauma. I lived trauma. I survived trauma. I am here to tell you that we are conquerors, my friend. You are undefeated and you're proving it by being right here, right now. My hope is to empower you and work together with you to assist in healing trauma and mastering life challenges.
Invictus. Meaning undefeated, unbreachable, invincible. We go through this incredibly tough life's journey and we fight for our survival. When we reach a point where we no longer have to physically fight, our minds and bodies don't always recognize the fight has ended and we are now fighting shadows that once were. I know trauma. I lived trauma. I survived trauma. I am here to tell you that we are conquerors, my friend. You are undefeated and you're proving it by being right here, right now. My hope is to empower you and work together with you to assist in healing trauma and mastering life challenges.
(618) 243-0348 View (618) 243-0348
Photo of Carolyn Franklin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carolyn Franklin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Collinsville, IL 62234
I am Carolyn Franklin, a licensed clinical social worker. I am a skilled therapist with over 30 years in the profession, working with children, adolescents, and adults. I have conducted individual, group, couples, and family therapies. I have worked with clients challenged with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issue, and many other concerns. I welcome the opportunity to work with you. I truly enjoy my work, and my clients have been successful. I worked with clients challenged with anxiety, depression, relationship/family adjustments, and even individuals having difficulty making decisions.
I am Carolyn Franklin, a licensed clinical social worker. I am a skilled therapist with over 30 years in the profession, working with children, adolescents, and adults. I have conducted individual, group, couples, and family therapies. I have worked with clients challenged with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issue, and many other concerns. I welcome the opportunity to work with you. I truly enjoy my work, and my clients have been successful. I worked with clients challenged with anxiety, depression, relationship/family adjustments, and even individuals having difficulty making decisions.
(618) 268-1938 View (618) 268-1938
Photo of Kevin Treloar, MA, LCSW, DCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kevin Treloar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, DCSW
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Almost all of us struggle, from time to time, with worry, unhappiness, self-hate, despair and anger. With too many negative feelings, our interpersonal lives can become conflicted and dysfunctional. We may lose our friends, job, or even our life partner, Further, we may turn to any number of drugs or behaviors to try to manage our pain. Psychotherapy helps us to understand, cope with, and even change our painful feelings and behaviors. The goal is to enjoy and engage in life more fully, and move towards the goals that will give our lives meaning and value.
Almost all of us struggle, from time to time, with worry, unhappiness, self-hate, despair and anger. With too many negative feelings, our interpersonal lives can become conflicted and dysfunctional. We may lose our friends, job, or even our life partner, Further, we may turn to any number of drugs or behaviors to try to manage our pain. Psychotherapy helps us to understand, cope with, and even change our painful feelings and behaviors. The goal is to enjoy and engage in life more fully, and move towards the goals that will give our lives meaning and value.
(618) 699-4113 View (618) 699-4113
Photo of Kelli Fultz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelli Fultz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edwardsville, IL 62025
In more than two decades in the field of mental health, I have served as a crisis counselor, clinical supervisor of a substance abuse program, an ER social worker, a forensic social worker - and currently as a clinical therapist. In addition, I have more than a decade of experience as an adjunct professor teaching Psychology, Sociology, Social Diversity and Marriage & Family. I believe this has given me a unique insight into the many issues that people struggle with - and an ability to help from a variety of perspectives.
In more than two decades in the field of mental health, I have served as a crisis counselor, clinical supervisor of a substance abuse program, an ER social worker, a forensic social worker - and currently as a clinical therapist. In addition, I have more than a decade of experience as an adjunct professor teaching Psychology, Sociology, Social Diversity and Marriage & Family. I believe this has given me a unique insight into the many issues that people struggle with - and an ability to help from a variety of perspectives.
(618) 679-4170 View (618) 679-4170
Photo of Amanda Lewis, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alton, IL 62002
Not accepting new clients
Everyone at some point needs a helping hand in making sense of stressful events, finding ways to cope, and taking steps toward becoming the person he or she wants to be. When working with my clients, my goal is to be that helping hand. I tailor my approach to clients' strengths and needs, with the focus of assisting individuals in reaching their goals and becoming the best versions of themselves. I prefer working with adults struggling with PTSD, depression, anxiety, life changes, grief, emotion regulation, or stress management.
Everyone at some point needs a helping hand in making sense of stressful events, finding ways to cope, and taking steps toward becoming the person he or she wants to be. When working with my clients, my goal is to be that helping hand. I tailor my approach to clients' strengths and needs, with the focus of assisting individuals in reaching their goals and becoming the best versions of themselves. I prefer working with adults struggling with PTSD, depression, anxiety, life changes, grief, emotion regulation, or stress management.
(618) 576-6043 View (618) 576-6043
Photo of Danielle Washington
Danielle Washington
Intern in Professional Counseling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maryville, IL 62062
If you are reading this, it's never too late. Sometimes, navigating life is hard; we experience things that make us question our reality and sanity. I can assure you that it is ok to need help. Kudos to you for taking the first step in your healing journey; you don't have to do it alone. I have an open and eclectic approach to therapy and will help you work toward setting therapeutic goals. I work with teens/young adults, and adults. I specialize in trauma healing, grief, anxiety disorders, depression, transitioning, and relationship issues.
If you are reading this, it's never too late. Sometimes, navigating life is hard; we experience things that make us question our reality and sanity. I can assure you that it is ok to need help. Kudos to you for taking the first step in your healing journey; you don't have to do it alone. I have an open and eclectic approach to therapy and will help you work toward setting therapeutic goals. I work with teens/young adults, and adults. I specialize in trauma healing, grief, anxiety disorders, depression, transitioning, and relationship issues.
(618) 323-5802 View (618) 323-5802
Photo of Tasha L Haynes, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tasha L Haynes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alton, IL 62002  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Tasha a compassionate and dedicated therapist excited to embark on a journey of supporting individuals on their path to mental well-being. While I may be new to the field, my genuine passion for helping others and my commitment to personal and professional growth set the foundation for a transformative therapeutic experience. In my approach to therapy, I believe in the power of empathy, active listening, and creating a safe space for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings.
Hello! I am Tasha a compassionate and dedicated therapist excited to embark on a journey of supporting individuals on their path to mental well-being. While I may be new to the field, my genuine passion for helping others and my commitment to personal and professional growth set the foundation for a transformative therapeutic experience. In my approach to therapy, I believe in the power of empathy, active listening, and creating a safe space for individuals to explore their thoughts and feelings.
(618) 617-6542 View (618) 617-6542
Photo of Kelsie Miller, QMHP, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kelsie Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional, QMHP, MA
Verified Verified
Alton, IL 62002
Hello, I'm so glad you're here! Starting therapy, whether it's the first or tenth time, can be intimidating. My mission is to provide clients of all ages with a safe, nonjudgmental space where they can truly feel heard, respected, and empowered. I don't claim to be the expert on your life; instead, I view therapy as a collaborative process where your voice matters most. I specialize in addressing a variety of issues, including coping and self- regulation skills, anxiety, depression, trauma, parenting support, self-esteem, safe expression of feelings and self, grief, ADHD, safety planning, healthy relationships, and boundaries
Hello, I'm so glad you're here! Starting therapy, whether it's the first or tenth time, can be intimidating. My mission is to provide clients of all ages with a safe, nonjudgmental space where they can truly feel heard, respected, and empowered. I don't claim to be the expert on your life; instead, I view therapy as a collaborative process where your voice matters most. I specialize in addressing a variety of issues, including coping and self- regulation skills, anxiety, depression, trauma, parenting support, self-esteem, safe expression of feelings and self, grief, ADHD, safety planning, healthy relationships, and boundaries
(618) 423-8460 View (618) 423-8460
Photo of Yvonne Mccall, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Yvonne Mccall
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Edwardsville, IL 62025
Yvonne is a Masters level Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with 20+ years experience with individuals, couples and families working in a variety of settings, now focusing on her private practice. She specializes in depression, anxiety (including PTSD), stress management, addictions and life skills development. She combines cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation training, creativity, guided imagery, journaling, and 12 Step programs to address all facets of personal growth. Yvonne practices creativity in her own life as an exhibiting artist.
Yvonne is a Masters level Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with 20+ years experience with individuals, couples and families working in a variety of settings, now focusing on her private practice. She specializes in depression, anxiety (including PTSD), stress management, addictions and life skills development. She combines cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation training, creativity, guided imagery, journaling, and 12 Step programs to address all facets of personal growth. Yvonne practices creativity in her own life as an exhibiting artist.
(618) 494-6159 View (618) 494-6159
Photo of Ellie Wessel, BS, LPC Intern
Ellie Wessel
LPC Intern, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alton, IL 62002
Taking the first step towards making a change can be an overwhelming process. Counseling can help you identify parts of your life you want to improve. My ideal client is a teen or young adult coming to face challenges like anxiety or depression, seeking personal growth and coping strategies. This client should be looking for someone who values a safe, non-judgmental space for self-expression, someone to listen and help create goals.
Taking the first step towards making a change can be an overwhelming process. Counseling can help you identify parts of your life you want to improve. My ideal client is a teen or young adult coming to face challenges like anxiety or depression, seeking personal growth and coping strategies. This client should be looking for someone who values a safe, non-judgmental space for self-expression, someone to listen and help create goals.
(618) 427-1427 View (618) 427-1427
Photo of Angela A Perkinson, MA, LCPC, ATR, Counselor
Angela A Perkinson
Counselor, MA, LCPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Alton, IL 62002
Whether you are having a difficult time managing daily challenges and stressors, coping with depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction or life changes, I can support and guide you on your journey toward wellness and having a more balanced life.
Whether you are having a difficult time managing daily challenges and stressors, coping with depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction or life changes, I can support and guide you on your journey toward wellness and having a more balanced life.
(618) 205-9437 View (618) 205-9437
Photo of Amy Minor - CalmWaters Counseling & Resource Center, LCPC, Counselor
CalmWaters Counseling & Resource Center
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alton, IL 62002
Whatever may be going on, life can get overwhelming and an outside perspective can help. At CalmWaters you will be treated with respect, dignity, and empathy. We have 7 therapists available to see in person or virtually. If you aren't sure which counselor you want to see, we'll help you find the best fit. You are not alone. Difficult things happen to everyone in life and sometimes a helping hand is just what is needed. Our licensed counselors will walk with you through the situation that brings you into therapy until it is resolved or improved. We meet each client where they are, provide support and tools, and foster growth.
Whatever may be going on, life can get overwhelming and an outside perspective can help. At CalmWaters you will be treated with respect, dignity, and empathy. We have 7 therapists available to see in person or virtually. If you aren't sure which counselor you want to see, we'll help you find the best fit. You are not alone. Difficult things happen to everyone in life and sometimes a helping hand is just what is needed. Our licensed counselors will walk with you through the situation that brings you into therapy until it is resolved or improved. We meet each client where they are, provide support and tools, and foster growth.
(618) 867-4565 View (618) 867-4565
Photo of Dr. Robin L Myers, PsyD, ABPP, Psychologist
Dr. Robin L Myers
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Maryville, IL 62062
Welcome. You have decided to take one step closer towards making some positive changes in your life. We can work together to manage the difficult challenges that prevent you from leading a more satisfying life. As a solution focused therapist, I utilize a cognitive-behavioral approach to identify problematic behaviors and thought patterns and to develop new strategies of coping. Therapy can produce long lasting benefits for challenges and open the door to a more productive life. Therapy is beneficial for sudden changes, such as death of a loved one, divorce, stress management, and work transitions.
Welcome. You have decided to take one step closer towards making some positive changes in your life. We can work together to manage the difficult challenges that prevent you from leading a more satisfying life. As a solution focused therapist, I utilize a cognitive-behavioral approach to identify problematic behaviors and thought patterns and to develop new strategies of coping. Therapy can produce long lasting benefits for challenges and open the door to a more productive life. Therapy is beneficial for sudden changes, such as death of a loved one, divorce, stress management, and work transitions.
(618) 205-6775 View (618) 205-6775
Photo of Jasmine Fulton, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jasmine Fulton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Troy, IL 62294  (Online Only)
Welcome to a space dedicated to your well-being and growth. I'm Jasmine Fulton, a licensed social worker with a master's degree in social work, committed to supporting individuals, children, families, and mothers on their journey toward a healthier, more fulfilling life.
Welcome to a space dedicated to your well-being and growth. I'm Jasmine Fulton, a licensed social worker with a master's degree in social work, committed to supporting individuals, children, families, and mothers on their journey toward a healthier, more fulfilling life.
(618) 408-9721 View (618) 408-9721
Photo of Andrea B Shaw, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea B Shaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Troy, IL 62294
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have 25+ years of experience working with individuals who are struggling with symptoms of mental health or substance use disorders. Licensed in Illinois, Missouri, and Florida. In the fast-paced world we live in, we are constantly facing heightened feelings of stress caused by workplace, parenting, family, or other relationship conflicts. Unfortunately, for many, alcohol or drugs are used to “manage” the difficult times. It is my goal to help clients navigate their complex feelings and to provide the tools and coping skills needed to return hope, inner peace and happiness to their lives.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have 25+ years of experience working with individuals who are struggling with symptoms of mental health or substance use disorders. Licensed in Illinois, Missouri, and Florida. In the fast-paced world we live in, we are constantly facing heightened feelings of stress caused by workplace, parenting, family, or other relationship conflicts. Unfortunately, for many, alcohol or drugs are used to “manage” the difficult times. It is my goal to help clients navigate their complex feelings and to provide the tools and coping skills needed to return hope, inner peace and happiness to their lives.
(618) 389-5641 View (618) 389-5641
Photo of James E Booth, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
James E Booth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Collinsville, IL 62234
My ideal client is suffering from anxiety or depression. They are looking for a change and seek therapy to eliminate their anxiety or mood disorder. Their number 1 problem is coping with anxiety or depression and its interference with normal life. They desire to work in counseling and learn behaviors to change the way they think and feel. They spent too much time feeling the negative effects of their problem and are ready to change. They will discover they don't have to be controlled by negative emotions, but instead can process them and decide how to respond in a more positive manner.
My ideal client is suffering from anxiety or depression. They are looking for a change and seek therapy to eliminate their anxiety or mood disorder. Their number 1 problem is coping with anxiety or depression and its interference with normal life. They desire to work in counseling and learn behaviors to change the way they think and feel. They spent too much time feeling the negative effects of their problem and are ready to change. They will discover they don't have to be controlled by negative emotions, but instead can process them and decide how to respond in a more positive manner.
(618) 243-0276 View (618) 243-0276
Photo of Alexis Dearing, LCPC, Counselor
Alexis Dearing
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Collinsville, IL 62234  (Online Only)
Trying to find the counselor that best suits you can be frightening. It takes courage to try to seek help. Thank you for being here. Levels of resistance and vulnerability vary, but they are both important to understand for each unique individual. Whatever you bring to therapy, that is where I will meet you. I am here for who you are, and to meet you where you are at. This perspective speaks to my eclectic role as a therapist. I analyze a client and use the research and knowledge I have to apply the best theory or approach to help my client. I focus on what the client's goals are and how to help them reach them in healthy ways.
Trying to find the counselor that best suits you can be frightening. It takes courage to try to seek help. Thank you for being here. Levels of resistance and vulnerability vary, but they are both important to understand for each unique individual. Whatever you bring to therapy, that is where I will meet you. I am here for who you are, and to meet you where you are at. This perspective speaks to my eclectic role as a therapist. I analyze a client and use the research and knowledge I have to apply the best theory or approach to help my client. I focus on what the client's goals are and how to help them reach them in healthy ways.
(618) 232-4744 View (618) 232-4744
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See more therapy options for Madison County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Madison County, IL

200+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Madison County, IL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Coping Skills
71% Self Esteem
65% Relationship Issues
65% Stress
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% BlueCross and BlueShield
87% Cigna and Evernorth
85% Aetna

How Therapists in Madison County, IL see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Madison County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.