Depression Therapists in Godfrey, IL
![Photo of Dr. Eleni Malamis, PsyD, MA, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/832f6ecb-e767-4391-b1ce-fdc22957a914/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who offers professional yet warm and caring help to those struggling with life's challenges. I have devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who offers professional yet warm and caring help to those struggling with life's challenges. I have devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
![Photo of M Christy Fritz-Parker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3cc27ee3-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/8/320x400.jpeg)
My specialties are couples counseling, anxiety, depression, PTSD, health challenges, performance enhancement, personal and spiritual growth and life coaching.
I enjoy working with couples, individuals and families. I also enjoy working with adolescents. Following graduation from St. Louis University in 1995 my focus became helping people attain higher levels of happiness and satisfaction in their relationships and lives. Issues I address include relationship issues, anxiety and depression, post traumatic stress disorder, work or career issues, performance enhancement, parenting issues, health challenges, abuse, etc.
My ideal client is looking for someone who will be their partner in their healing journey. I broadcast a weekly radio show at www.blogtalkradio.com/thelovefrequency. Try it. Let me know if you like it.
My specialties are couples counseling, anxiety, depression, PTSD, health challenges, performance enhancement, personal and spiritual growth and life coaching.
I enjoy working with couples, individuals and families. I also enjoy working with adolescents. Following graduation from St. Louis University in 1995 my focus became helping people attain higher levels of happiness and satisfaction in their relationships and lives. Issues I address include relationship issues, anxiety and depression, post traumatic stress disorder, work or career issues, performance enhancement, parenting issues, health challenges, abuse, etc.
My ideal client is looking for someone who will be their partner in their healing journey. I broadcast a weekly radio show at www.blogtalkradio.com/thelovefrequency. Try it. Let me know if you like it.
![Photo of Patricia Ellen Horn, MEd, LCPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4041b2db-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
My approach to therapy is client-centered and tailored to the indivicual needs of each client. In my 25+ years of counseling I have helped clients cope with with problems such as depression, anxiety, marital and relationship issuses, grief and loss, and unresolved family-of-origin issues. I also teach relaxation exercises and visualization, and use a "theratapper" to help clients reprocess traumatic experiences.
My approach to therapy is client-centered and tailored to the indivicual needs of each client. In my 25+ years of counseling I have helped clients cope with with problems such as depression, anxiety, marital and relationship issuses, grief and loss, and unresolved family-of-origin issues. I also teach relaxation exercises and visualization, and use a "theratapper" to help clients reprocess traumatic experiences.
![Photo of Mary E Phillips, MA, LCPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c90d1b2-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I treat adults with relationship issues that can include couple/marital concerns, coparenting concerns, individual issues with coworkers, friends, and family. I work well with clients experiencing anxiety and depression. I also treat adolescents individually, and with their parents, who are having difficulty with the adjustment to the teen years or young adulthood; have diagnosed depression or anxiety; relationship problems with friends, peers, or romantic partners. Ideally these clients are interested in receiving help and are motivated to make changes.
I treat adults with relationship issues that can include couple/marital concerns, coparenting concerns, individual issues with coworkers, friends, and family. I work well with clients experiencing anxiety and depression. I also treat adolescents individually, and with their parents, who are having difficulty with the adjustment to the teen years or young adulthood; have diagnosed depression or anxiety; relationship problems with friends, peers, or romantic partners. Ideally these clients are interested in receiving help and are motivated to make changes.
![Photo of Amy Minor - CalmWaters Counseling & Resource Center, LCPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ca39982a-2fba-441e-9f0f-748ddbd5597c/1/320x400.jpeg)
CalmWaters Counseling & Resource Center
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Godfrey, IL 62035
groups! Some of the issues we specialize in include: anxiety, depression, grief and loss, marital and relationship conflict, family issues, trauma, emotional and behavioral struggles, substance abuse and addictions.
Whatever may be going on, life can get overwhelming and an outside perspective can help. At CalmWaters you will be treated with respect, dignity, and empathy. We have 7 therapists available to see in person or virtually. If you aren't sure which counselor you want to see, we'll help you find the best fit. You are not alone. Difficult things happen to everyone in life and sometimes a helping hand is just what is needed. Our licensed counselors will walk with you through the situation that brings you into therapy until it is resolved or improved. We meet each client where they are, provide support and tools, and foster growth.
groups! Some of the issues we specialize in include: anxiety, depression, grief and loss, marital and relationship conflict, family issues, trauma, emotional and behavioral struggles, substance abuse and addictions.
Whatever may be going on, life can get overwhelming and an outside perspective can help. At CalmWaters you will be treated with respect, dignity, and empathy. We have 7 therapists available to see in person or virtually. If you aren't sure which counselor you want to see, we'll help you find the best fit. You are not alone. Difficult things happen to everyone in life and sometimes a helping hand is just what is needed. Our licensed counselors will walk with you through the situation that brings you into therapy until it is resolved or improved. We meet each client where they are, provide support and tools, and foster growth.
![Photo of Lori Behrens, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5021d5b9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I also have experience helping those with anxiety, depression and life transition issues.
You may have never gone to a Therapist before, and you may be feeling uncertain, or you may have previous experience (either good or bad); whatever your circumstance, please know that you will be met with compassion and acceptance. I have over 35 years in the social work arena and have been providing one-one therapy for 5 years. I view therapy as a combined effort, using input from clients as we work together to develop a plan for moving forward. It can be helpful for anyone to have an objective viewpoint of their life situation, and this is what I strive to provide.
I also have experience helping those with anxiety, depression and life transition issues.
You may have never gone to a Therapist before, and you may be feeling uncertain, or you may have previous experience (either good or bad); whatever your circumstance, please know that you will be met with compassion and acceptance. I have over 35 years in the social work arena and have been providing one-one therapy for 5 years. I view therapy as a combined effort, using input from clients as we work together to develop a plan for moving forward. It can be helpful for anyone to have an objective viewpoint of their life situation, and this is what I strive to provide.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, uncertain? Anxious? Sad? Plagued by negative thoughts, behaviors, and/or emotional hang-ups that sabotage your happiness and well-being? Life is challenging. Life doesn't come with an instruction manual, Depression makes it hard to move. Anxiety makes it hard to breathe. Loss and sadness weigh heavy on the heart. It can be helpful to know how and why these painful conditions have emerged. It can be helpful to begin making some changes while working to enhance understanding. Starting psychotherapy can be a difficult decision. You may feel skeptical embarrassed, or scared.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, uncertain? Anxious? Sad? Plagued by negative thoughts, behaviors, and/or emotional hang-ups that sabotage your happiness and well-being? Life is challenging. Life doesn't come with an instruction manual, Depression makes it hard to move. Anxiety makes it hard to breathe. Loss and sadness weigh heavy on the heart. It can be helpful to know how and why these painful conditions have emerged. It can be helpful to begin making some changes while working to enhance understanding. Starting psychotherapy can be a difficult decision. You may feel skeptical embarrassed, or scared.
![Photo of Melody Wilson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e22cc93a-9c6b-46bc-b6ce-8ecc4d1beb24/1/320x400.jpeg)
My name is Melody Wilson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both Illinois and Indiana with over 16 years of clinical experience working with adults with Anger Management, Coping Skills, Grief, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Life Coaching, Parenting, Schizophrenia, Stress, Self Esteem, and Life Transitions. I use various therapy modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and all those which are adequate for my client’s mental health needs. I firmly believe that support is not a weakness but a need!
My name is Melody Wilson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both Illinois and Indiana with over 16 years of clinical experience working with adults with Anger Management, Coping Skills, Grief, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Life Coaching, Parenting, Schizophrenia, Stress, Self Esteem, and Life Transitions. I use various therapy modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and all those which are adequate for my client’s mental health needs. I firmly believe that support is not a weakness but a need!
![Photo of Patricia Gregory, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/38783af1-8874-4dec-9c56-3d2b5c669b4a/2/320x400.jpeg)
Everyday life is a challenge and situations occur that make it more difficult. Families can be problematic, growing-up is challenging for the adolescent and parents, relationships are difficult, grief is painful, jobs can be strenuous, financial worries weigh heavy, medical problems can wear us down and the list goes on. If life challenges have caused you to experience less pleasure, more sadness and anxiety, disturbed sleep, or behaviors that are not normal for you, it often helps to seek an experienced counselor to talk to.
Everyday life is a challenge and situations occur that make it more difficult. Families can be problematic, growing-up is challenging for the adolescent and parents, relationships are difficult, grief is painful, jobs can be strenuous, financial worries weigh heavy, medical problems can wear us down and the list goes on. If life challenges have caused you to experience less pleasure, more sadness and anxiety, disturbed sleep, or behaviors that are not normal for you, it often helps to seek an experienced counselor to talk to.
![Photo of Destiny D Kharsi - Headway Illinois Behavioral Health Services, PLLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f3af3119-e3a1-4159-a022-ecb3a2cecd8b/1/320x400.jpeg)
Headway Illinois Behavioral Health Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Godfrey, IL 62035 (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on my website. I believe everyone has value and worth. I believe the human spirit is undeniably strong. I believe that therapy can help make a difference in the lives of people struggling with mental health issues, relationship problems, adjustment issues and grief. I am devoted to helping my clients develop a path to wellness in a safe space that is convenient for them.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. I believe everyone has value and worth. I believe the human spirit is undeniably strong. I believe that therapy can help make a difference in the lives of people struggling with mental health issues, relationship problems, adjustment issues and grief. I am devoted to helping my clients develop a path to wellness in a safe space that is convenient for them.
![Photo of Beth Ahlin - CE Ahlin Counseling, PLLC, MA, LCPC, LPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8a09880a-da5b-449c-9cc0-3106191bfb4a/1/320x400.png)
So many of us are walking around with unhealed wounds. Healing is a process that takes time, support, encouragement, courage, and validation. Therapy can be an integral part of the healing process for many. We utilize therapeutic approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Internal Family Systems Theory, and Attachment Theory to help clients navigate the healing process. We dive deeply into our work with clients and use an individualised approach to help clients find healing and peace.
So many of us are walking around with unhealed wounds. Healing is a process that takes time, support, encouragement, courage, and validation. Therapy can be an integral part of the healing process for many. We utilize therapeutic approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Internal Family Systems Theory, and Attachment Theory to help clients navigate the healing process. We dive deeply into our work with clients and use an individualised approach to help clients find healing and peace.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Jonna Phelps, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45624eaa-eccb-451c-9835-1162069eaab0/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jonna Phelps
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cottage Hills, IL 62018
My name is Jonna Phelps, and I am a LCPC in Illinois. I have focused my attention on treating adults with anxiety and depression. I believe in learning coping skills and positive communication to deal with significant life events. The goal of treatment is validation through re-focusing on individual strengths in order to improve overall quality of life. I have focused my attention on treating adults with anxiety, depression, and difficulty with life transitions. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques, coaching, and validation practices.
My name is Jonna Phelps, and I am a LCPC in Illinois. I have focused my attention on treating adults with anxiety and depression. I believe in learning coping skills and positive communication to deal with significant life events. The goal of treatment is validation through re-focusing on individual strengths in order to improve overall quality of life. I have focused my attention on treating adults with anxiety, depression, and difficulty with life transitions. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques, coaching, and validation practices.
![Photo of Latavia Jo Harley, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/29b23e3a-8e83-4bab-ae54-1cd7c393701b/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hi, I am so happy you're here. Seeking counseling takes a lot of courage and strength. Thank yourself for getting this far. What brought you here? Anxiety, depression, grief, life changes and transitions? I am here to guide you on your healing journey. I have recently worked with co-occurring disorders, addiction, depression, anxiety, stress related disorders, amongst many others.
Hi, I am so happy you're here. Seeking counseling takes a lot of courage and strength. Thank yourself for getting this far. What brought you here? Anxiety, depression, grief, life changes and transitions? I am here to guide you on your healing journey. I have recently worked with co-occurring disorders, addiction, depression, anxiety, stress related disorders, amongst many others.
![Photo of Michelle Graham - Bridge of Hope Counseling Services, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/406cc13b-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/1/320x400.jpeg)
Bridge of Hope Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
East Alton, IL 62024
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, or a self-defeating behavior? People seek therapy for different reasons. You may be reading this because you are struggling with depression, anxiety, loss, trauma, relationship problems, etc. Our lives are constantly evolving and changing; sometimes those changes can be challenging and even overwhelming. I offer a highly personalized approach to resolve some of the challenges you are facing. I work with individuals from a strength based perspective. During therapy sessions, we will work together to identify your strengths and explore areas for growth and change.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, or a self-defeating behavior? People seek therapy for different reasons. You may be reading this because you are struggling with depression, anxiety, loss, trauma, relationship problems, etc. Our lives are constantly evolving and changing; sometimes those changes can be challenging and even overwhelming. I offer a highly personalized approach to resolve some of the challenges you are facing. I work with individuals from a strength based perspective. During therapy sessions, we will work together to identify your strengths and explore areas for growth and change.
![Photo of Angela A Perkinson, MA, LCPC, ATR, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/30b871c3-3311-467a-b472-195063c1c008/2/320x400.jpeg)
Whether you are having a difficult time managing daily challenges and stressors, coping with depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction or life changes, I can support and guide you on your journey toward wellness and having a more balanced life.
Whether you are having a difficult time managing daily challenges and stressors, coping with depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction or life changes, I can support and guide you on your journey toward wellness and having a more balanced life.
![Photo of Kristina Monetti, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/47fc8a92-b5c2-4625-b6d3-57ea852ccff1/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have experience treating depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, addiction and stress management.
Accepting new clients for telehealth therapy anywhere in Illinois and accepting new clients for face to face therapy in Alton, IL. My goal is to meet people where they are and deliver care that helps promote change in their lives. Each person has a unique story and a desire to change their quality of life. Through this journey, I will help you determine these goals and develop a plan to reach them.
I have experience treating depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, addiction and stress management.
Accepting new clients for telehealth therapy anywhere in Illinois and accepting new clients for face to face therapy in Alton, IL. My goal is to meet people where they are and deliver care that helps promote change in their lives. Each person has a unique story and a desire to change their quality of life. Through this journey, I will help you determine these goals and develop a plan to reach them.
![Photo of Ebony Cheri Hutchinson - The Community Reach, LCSW, LMSW, LPC, PLPC, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/86309acc-a163-4c77-8b2f-ff7bdd81ae19/1/320x400.png)
The Community Reach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW, LPC, PLPC, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alton, IL 62002
We are a group of clinicians with mental health practitioners with a wealth of experience and knowledge in field. Our professionals are dedicated to supporting clients on their journey to wellness. Our areas of treatment include: trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, grief, relationships, life transitions, and more. Our services are client centered. We also provide therapy for individuals with limited financial resources through the sliding scale program. We offer free parenting, grief, postpartum, and social skills (Pre K-5th grade) groups
We are a group of clinicians with mental health practitioners with a wealth of experience and knowledge in field. Our professionals are dedicated to supporting clients on their journey to wellness. Our areas of treatment include: trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, grief, relationships, life transitions, and more. Our services are client centered. We also provide therapy for individuals with limited financial resources through the sliding scale program. We offer free parenting, grief, postpartum, and social skills (Pre K-5th grade) groups
![Photo of Angela Kemner, LCPC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/444d310d-0747-457c-9ef1-6af77fd9de11/2/320x400.png)
Welcome! My name is Angela and I am a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) with nearly 20 years of experience. I am also a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC) and advanced alcohol and drug counselor (CAADC). I specialize in treating adults, couples, youth, and families in a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma & PTSD, substance use, ADHD, anger management, and family/relationship issues, amongst others. My therapy style is person-centered, warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
Welcome! My name is Angela and I am a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) with nearly 20 years of experience. I am also a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC) and advanced alcohol and drug counselor (CAADC). I specialize in treating adults, couples, youth, and families in a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma & PTSD, substance use, ADHD, anger management, and family/relationship issues, amongst others. My therapy style is person-centered, warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
![Photo of Michelle Barraco Hatchett, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/978c9b1c-a4ed-4350-8096-a5ca68b064c8/1/320x400.jpeg)
Michelle Barraco Hatchett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bethalto, IL 62010
Conditions I have treated most frequently include depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, substance abuse as well as general life stressors and relationship conflict.
I am Michelle Barraco Hatchett, a masters level psychotherapist, licensed clinical professional counselor(LCPC) and certified drug and alcohol counselor (CADC). In my 15 years of clinical experience, I have worked with children, adolescents and adults challenged with a variety of mental health and life concerns including but my limited to depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma and substance use. I strive to create an emotionally supportive, non-judgmental and safe environment while providing clinical insight to guide my clients through treatment.
Conditions I have treated most frequently include depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, substance abuse as well as general life stressors and relationship conflict.
I am Michelle Barraco Hatchett, a masters level psychotherapist, licensed clinical professional counselor(LCPC) and certified drug and alcohol counselor (CADC). In my 15 years of clinical experience, I have worked with children, adolescents and adults challenged with a variety of mental health and life concerns including but my limited to depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma and substance use. I strive to create an emotionally supportive, non-judgmental and safe environment while providing clinical insight to guide my clients through treatment.
![Photo of Rachel Justie, MA, LCPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/990c2367-177d-4363-bf79-7f550e91e521/2/320x400.png)
Rachel is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in the State of Illinois, with experience working with all ages and a wide variety of presenting concerns, including anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
Rachel fosters a safe, respectful and non-judgmental space to explore and process a client’s experiences and the thoughts and feelings that come with them. She works to build a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship, finding that to be the keystone of successful therapy outcomes. Rachel works with clients to build resilience and utilize strengths to achieve goals, while being an advocate and ally along the way. Rachel works with both individual and couples.
Rachel is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in the State of Illinois, with experience working with all ages and a wide variety of presenting concerns, including anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
Rachel fosters a safe, respectful and non-judgmental space to explore and process a client’s experiences and the thoughts and feelings that come with them. She works to build a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship, finding that to be the keystone of successful therapy outcomes. Rachel works with clients to build resilience and utilize strengths to achieve goals, while being an advocate and ally along the way. Rachel works with both individual and couples.
See more therapy options for Godfrey
Nearby Depression Therapists Searches for Godfrey
- Alton
- Bethalto
- Carrollton
- Collinsville
- East Alton
- Edwardsville
- Glen Carbon
- Granite City
- Jerseyville
- Maryville
- Troy
- Wood River
Depression Therapists
What is the goal of therapy for depression?
Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.
What happens in therapy for depression?
Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.
What therapy types help with depression?
Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.
Can therapy for depression be done online?
Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.
How effective is therapy for depression?
Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.