Therapists in River North, Chicago, IL

Photo of Alexandra B. Fox, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Alexandra B. Fox
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
Alexandra Fox is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with experience providing therapy for adults, adolescents, families and couples. Alexandra specializes in treating anxiety, depression,grief, self esteem concerns, women’s issues, adult life transitions and couple conflict and intimacy. Alexandra utilizes a psychodynamic approach to therapy in conjunction with mindfulness techniques to provide clients with the skills to feel more present at work and in their everyday lives. Understanding how people develop their own characteristic patterns of behaving, feeling and thinking informs her clinical work. Alexandra earned her Masters of Arts in Counseling Psychology from Northwestern University.
Alexandra Fox is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with experience providing therapy for adults, adolescents, families and couples. Alexandra specializes in treating anxiety, depression,grief, self esteem concerns, women’s issues, adult life transitions and couple conflict and intimacy. Alexandra utilizes a psychodynamic approach to therapy in conjunction with mindfulness techniques to provide clients with the skills to feel more present at work and in their everyday lives. Understanding how people develop their own characteristic patterns of behaving, feeling and thinking informs her clinical work. Alexandra earned her Masters of Arts in Counseling Psychology from Northwestern University.
(312) 972-3666 View (312) 972-3666
Photo of Rae Anne McLaughlin, MA, LPC, Counselor
Rae Anne McLaughlin
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
Rae Anne is a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, adjustment disorders, and trauma and stressor related disorders. She received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Penn State University with a minor in Human Development and Family Studies and holds a Masters degree in Counseling from Northwestern University. Rae Anne has extensive experience in working with children, teens, families, and adults in community mental health, hospital, and outpatient settings.
Rae Anne is a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, adjustment disorders, and trauma and stressor related disorders. She received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Penn State University with a minor in Human Development and Family Studies and holds a Masters degree in Counseling from Northwestern University. Rae Anne has extensive experience in working with children, teens, families, and adults in community mental health, hospital, and outpatient settings.
(872) 219-0303 View (872) 219-0303
Photo of Stephanie (Reiter) Ramsay, LCPC, LMHC, LPCC, Counselor
Stephanie (Reiter) Ramsay
Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
Are you feeling lost, isolated, or “stuck” in your circumstances? Are you feeling overwhelmed with your responsibilities or can’t seem to break out of old patterns? Is your quality of life not as fulfilling as it used to be, or as you would like it to be? My passion is in helping others explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a safe, open, and nonjudgmental environment.
Are you feeling lost, isolated, or “stuck” in your circumstances? Are you feeling overwhelmed with your responsibilities or can’t seem to break out of old patterns? Is your quality of life not as fulfilling as it used to be, or as you would like it to be? My passion is in helping others explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a safe, open, and nonjudgmental environment.
(312) 262-6312 View (312) 262-6312
Photo of Katharine Latta, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katharine Latta
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60601
I have had the privilege of working with early to mid-adults of various backgrounds and identities. I am passionate about supporting my clients facing loss, identity development, anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. Sometimes life catapults us into a new chapter, a new milestone, a new relationship status - filled with both challenge and promise - that we may not have asked for or are finding ourselves struggling with. Together in therapy, I collaborate with my clients to find meaning, awareness, and growth through experiencing the present and deliberately reflecting on patterns of the past.
I have had the privilege of working with early to mid-adults of various backgrounds and identities. I am passionate about supporting my clients facing loss, identity development, anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. Sometimes life catapults us into a new chapter, a new milestone, a new relationship status - filled with both challenge and promise - that we may not have asked for or are finding ourselves struggling with. Together in therapy, I collaborate with my clients to find meaning, awareness, and growth through experiencing the present and deliberately reflecting on patterns of the past.
(312) 584-8668 View (312) 584-8668
Photo of Melissa Barrios, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Barrios
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
As a First Gen Latina, I can wholeheartedly relate to and understand several First Gen dynamics. I enjoy working with BIPOC, First Generation Latine, and Second Generation Latine. I specialize in working with people who are: healing generational trauma and breaking cycles, navigating challenging relationships with their loved ones, feeling exhausted of being the black sheep of the family and/or the responsible go to one of the family, struggling to honor their voice and needs, navigating stress and life changes, and wanting and needing a more spiritual and decolonized approach in therapy.
As a First Gen Latina, I can wholeheartedly relate to and understand several First Gen dynamics. I enjoy working with BIPOC, First Generation Latine, and Second Generation Latine. I specialize in working with people who are: healing generational trauma and breaking cycles, navigating challenging relationships with their loved ones, feeling exhausted of being the black sheep of the family and/or the responsible go to one of the family, struggling to honor their voice and needs, navigating stress and life changes, and wanting and needing a more spiritual and decolonized approach in therapy.
(872) 309-4016 View (872) 309-4016
Photo of Dr. Carolyn R Montford, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Carolyn R Montford
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
In my 25 years of practice, I have learned some important truths: what happened to us doesn’t have to determine what happens for us; under the right conditions, the human spirit orients toward growth and wholeness; therapy can be an important addition to the healing process. People come to therapy for many reasons, often the initial phase of the work is in improving coping strategies so you can feel better sooner. Beyond symptomology, understanding you and your unique context are essential for unearthing longstanding behavior patterns. Therapy is about revising your story and making you the author of the next chapter.
In my 25 years of practice, I have learned some important truths: what happened to us doesn’t have to determine what happens for us; under the right conditions, the human spirit orients toward growth and wholeness; therapy can be an important addition to the healing process. People come to therapy for many reasons, often the initial phase of the work is in improving coping strategies so you can feel better sooner. Beyond symptomology, understanding you and your unique context are essential for unearthing longstanding behavior patterns. Therapy is about revising your story and making you the author of the next chapter.
(312) 586-8781 View (312) 586-8781
Photo of Danielle Zar, LCPC
Danielle Zar
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
River North, Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
As a licensed clinical professional counselor, licensed school counselor and learning behavioral specialist, I help children and adolescents utilize healthier forms of coping and achieve inner joy. My clinical interests and expertise include generalized anxiety, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, parent-child conflict and behavior regulation.
As a licensed clinical professional counselor, licensed school counselor and learning behavioral specialist, I help children and adolescents utilize healthier forms of coping and achieve inner joy. My clinical interests and expertise include generalized anxiety, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, parent-child conflict and behavior regulation.
(312) 529-4647 View (312) 529-4647
Photo of Denise K Netko, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Denise K Netko
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
In our modern world, many of us recognize the need to take time to slow down and get in tune with ourselves and our relationships. I actively engage with clients in a reflective process to explore current life stressors, challenges, & behavioral patterns. A relational framework is utilized to help guide clients through an exploration of how current and past relationships influence their lives. Within the context of a safe and trusting therapeutic environment, I help clients to identify the steps needed to overcome challenges and promote positive change.
In our modern world, many of us recognize the need to take time to slow down and get in tune with ourselves and our relationships. I actively engage with clients in a reflective process to explore current life stressors, challenges, & behavioral patterns. A relational framework is utilized to help guide clients through an exploration of how current and past relationships influence their lives. Within the context of a safe and trusting therapeutic environment, I help clients to identify the steps needed to overcome challenges and promote positive change.
(312) 756-7133 View (312) 756-7133
Photo of Sue H Bae, PhD, Psychologist
Sue H Bae
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I have extensive experience working with children, adolescents and adults with various psychological issues. My focus is on anxiety-related disorders including OCD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety, PTSD, School Avoidance, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Phobia and Panic Disorder. My approach to psychotherapy is interpersonal and collaborative. I use research supported cognitive-behavioral interventions and strategies.
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I have extensive experience working with children, adolescents and adults with various psychological issues. My focus is on anxiety-related disorders including OCD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety, PTSD, School Avoidance, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Phobia and Panic Disorder. My approach to psychotherapy is interpersonal and collaborative. I use research supported cognitive-behavioral interventions and strategies.
(773) 757-6327 View (773) 757-6327
Photo of Robin Fleming, LCPC, Counselor
Robin Fleming
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
Robin looks forward to collaborating with clients to increase their understanding of themselves and the challenges they may be facing. Robin uses a variety of approaches, customized to the needs of her clients. Robin operates on the premise that people thrive when treated with dignity and respect. By providing an environment of acceptance and non-judgment, Robin supports clients as they identify and utilize their strengths, values, and abilities to overcome obstacles and live healthier and more fulfilling lives.
Robin looks forward to collaborating with clients to increase their understanding of themselves and the challenges they may be facing. Robin uses a variety of approaches, customized to the needs of her clients. Robin operates on the premise that people thrive when treated with dignity and respect. By providing an environment of acceptance and non-judgment, Robin supports clients as they identify and utilize their strengths, values, and abilities to overcome obstacles and live healthier and more fulfilling lives.
(872) 278-1966 View (872) 278-1966
Photo of David Fletcher - Janzen, LCPC, LPCC, Counselor
David Fletcher - Janzen
Counselor, LCPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
David Fletcher-Janzen is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LCPC, LPCC) in Illinois and Ohio. After 30 years of working as a CEO in psychiatric and chemical dependency hospitals, David provides individual therapy to adults and seniors. He specializes in treating concerns related to life transitions, anxiety, depression, and trauma. David earned his Bachelor of Science in Education at the University of Texas at Austin and his Master of Education in Counseling at Texas State University.
David Fletcher-Janzen is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LCPC, LPCC) in Illinois and Ohio. After 30 years of working as a CEO in psychiatric and chemical dependency hospitals, David provides individual therapy to adults and seniors. He specializes in treating concerns related to life transitions, anxiety, depression, and trauma. David earned his Bachelor of Science in Education at the University of Texas at Austin and his Master of Education in Counseling at Texas State University.
(872) 274-3126 View (872) 274-3126
Photo of Faimmiah Menyongai, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Faimmiah Menyongai
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
I understand the hesitation in starting the therapy process; it can be intimidating. I admire the bravery that you possess by embarking on this journey. I work with individuals to resolve complex traumas, anxiety, depression, & identity-based wounds. As an immigrant & former refugee, my life experiences have further taught me to navigate through the events of migration, & violence, & the traumas of displacement, and loss. Some of these personal experiences have sharpened my capacity to delicately highlight the consequences of trauma & grief on the clients that I worked with.
I understand the hesitation in starting the therapy process; it can be intimidating. I admire the bravery that you possess by embarking on this journey. I work with individuals to resolve complex traumas, anxiety, depression, & identity-based wounds. As an immigrant & former refugee, my life experiences have further taught me to navigate through the events of migration, & violence, & the traumas of displacement, and loss. Some of these personal experiences have sharpened my capacity to delicately highlight the consequences of trauma & grief on the clients that I worked with.
(872) 250-7365 View (872) 250-7365
Photo of Antionette Davis, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Antionette Davis
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
The first question most therapists will ask is "what brings you to therapy?" Well, I have a different question to ask, have you ever found yourself stuck in a loop, replaying the same thoughts over and over? Picture this: an event, a conversation, a stressor, playing on repeat in your mind, leaving you mentally drained with no way out.
The first question most therapists will ask is "what brings you to therapy?" Well, I have a different question to ask, have you ever found yourself stuck in a loop, replaying the same thoughts over and over? Picture this: an event, a conversation, a stressor, playing on repeat in your mind, leaving you mentally drained with no way out.
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Photo of Tekeia Hinton, Hinton, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tekeia Hinton
Licensed Professional Counselor, Hinton
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Tekeia Hinton is a Licensed Professional Counselor. She is experienced in working with anxiety disorders, transitional stress, substance use, depression, loss, crisis, and trauma. She uses techniques from many therapies including Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Narrative Therapy. She also incorporates skills of mindfulness and education. Tekeia received her Master's Degree in Professional Counseling from Argosy University. Outside of the office, she enjoys traveling and spending time with her family and friends. She particularly enjoys the fall season and learning about new cultures.
Tekeia Hinton is a Licensed Professional Counselor. She is experienced in working with anxiety disorders, transitional stress, substance use, depression, loss, crisis, and trauma. She uses techniques from many therapies including Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Narrative Therapy. She also incorporates skills of mindfulness and education. Tekeia received her Master's Degree in Professional Counseling from Argosy University. Outside of the office, she enjoys traveling and spending time with her family and friends. She particularly enjoys the fall season and learning about new cultures.
(872) 250-7375 View (872) 250-7375
Photo of Imani Perkins, QMHP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Imani Perkins
Pre-Licensed Professional, QMHP
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60654
Life is often difficult to navigate for many reasons, whether it is because of our trauma history, family/relationship struggles, or a constant sense of worry and uncertainty. I am a therapist with a true passion for the field of mental health and have a wealth of experience. I provide an empathetic, person-centered, and unbiased approach and am here to help people heal and explore themselves in a way that brings about a positive change in their lives. I also utilize various interventions to help clients feel grounded even through the chaos that life can sometimes bring.
Life is often difficult to navigate for many reasons, whether it is because of our trauma history, family/relationship struggles, or a constant sense of worry and uncertainty. I am a therapist with a true passion for the field of mental health and have a wealth of experience. I provide an empathetic, person-centered, and unbiased approach and am here to help people heal and explore themselves in a way that brings about a positive change in their lives. I also utilize various interventions to help clients feel grounded even through the chaos that life can sometimes bring.
(708) 572-3483 View (708) 572-3483
Photo of Erika Chavez, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erika Chavez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River North, Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Welcome, my name is Erika! My work focuses on providing culturally responsive, anti-oppressive, and affirming therapeutic services to BIPOC and LGBTQ+ folks experiencing anxiety, depression, generational trauma, immigrant struggles, and race/ethnic identity exploration. I work from a trauma-informed lens that explores childhood experiences, relational attachments, cultural environments, and how the brain/body is developmentally affected through traumatic experiences. I integrate somatic approaches such as EMDR, parts work, DBT, the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT) and mindfulness to address and process trauma.
Welcome, my name is Erika! My work focuses on providing culturally responsive, anti-oppressive, and affirming therapeutic services to BIPOC and LGBTQ+ folks experiencing anxiety, depression, generational trauma, immigrant struggles, and race/ethnic identity exploration. I work from a trauma-informed lens that explores childhood experiences, relational attachments, cultural environments, and how the brain/body is developmentally affected through traumatic experiences. I integrate somatic approaches such as EMDR, parts work, DBT, the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT) and mindfulness to address and process trauma.
(872) 278-1423 View (872) 278-1423
Photo of Malarie Marquez, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Malarie Marquez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River North, Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel misunderstood? Do you long for a safe, inclusive space where you can freely express your vulnerabilities and emotions freely, without the fear of judgment? Have you outgrown a past version of yourself that your family and friends are unwilling to let go of and want to learn ways to cope with it? My name is Malarie Marquez and I am a Nationally Certified and Licensed Professional Counselor. I am particularly experienced in helping clients with identity development, developing healthy relationships, complicated grief, intimate relationship trauma, navigating college and education and perinatal mental healthcare.
Do you ever feel misunderstood? Do you long for a safe, inclusive space where you can freely express your vulnerabilities and emotions freely, without the fear of judgment? Have you outgrown a past version of yourself that your family and friends are unwilling to let go of and want to learn ways to cope with it? My name is Malarie Marquez and I am a Nationally Certified and Licensed Professional Counselor. I am particularly experienced in helping clients with identity development, developing healthy relationships, complicated grief, intimate relationship trauma, navigating college and education and perinatal mental healthcare.
(312) 525-3028 View (312) 525-3028
Photo of Tina Fairbanks, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tina Fairbanks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
Life is hard and sometimes asking for help is even harder. Beginning therapy can be nerve wrecking, but it can be a place to build yourself and the relationships around you. Everyone’s experiences and obstacles are different, which is why I prioritize a collaborative style that is adjustable to your needs. Creating an environment that is warm, empathetic, interactive and humorous is important in achieving a safe and non-judgemental space for my clients.
Life is hard and sometimes asking for help is even harder. Beginning therapy can be nerve wrecking, but it can be a place to build yourself and the relationships around you. Everyone’s experiences and obstacles are different, which is why I prioritize a collaborative style that is adjustable to your needs. Creating an environment that is warm, empathetic, interactive and humorous is important in achieving a safe and non-judgemental space for my clients.
(312) 728-3806 View (312) 728-3806
Photo of Jonna Koenitzer, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jonna Koenitzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
River North, Chicago, IL 60601
Clients describe me as warm, relational, and transparent. Understanding your full experience and view is a priority. I use multiple modalities and incorporate the Finnish mindset into therapy. My current caseload includes couples, individuals already in couples therapy, individuals in transitional periods, and those seeking guidance in next steps. I also work with teens, late in life ADHD/ASD diagnoses, and those tackling cultural stressors. I am licensed in Illinois and Wisconsin.
Clients describe me as warm, relational, and transparent. Understanding your full experience and view is a priority. I use multiple modalities and incorporate the Finnish mindset into therapy. My current caseload includes couples, individuals already in couples therapy, individuals in transitional periods, and those seeking guidance in next steps. I also work with teens, late in life ADHD/ASD diagnoses, and those tackling cultural stressors. I am licensed in Illinois and Wisconsin.
(773) 341-2626 View (773) 341-2626
Photo of Patricia Tellez, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Tellez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
River North, Chicago, IL 60611
Patricia is a psychotherapist based in River North. Her methods and approach to therapy is individual psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative, and solution focused.
Patricia is a psychotherapist based in River North. Her methods and approach to therapy is individual psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative, and solution focused.
(312) 584-4084 View (312) 584-4084
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in River North, Chicago, IL

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in River North, Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
72% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
61% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Aetna
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in River North, Chicago, IL see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in River North, Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.