Therapists in Homedale, ID

Photo of David Glenn Routt, LCPC, NCC, Counselor
David Glenn Routt
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Homedale, ID 83628
When you're looking for a therapist, you want one that is prepared and knowledgeable about what you're coming in for. This is precisely why we specialize at Totius Therapies. Some of David's specialties include veterans, PTSD, couples and relationships, families, difficult child behaviors, and spirituality in counseling. David has taken lots of additional trainings in these areas and enjoys working with patients that have these concerns.
When you're looking for a therapist, you want one that is prepared and knowledgeable about what you're coming in for. This is precisely why we specialize at Totius Therapies. Some of David's specialties include veterans, PTSD, couples and relationships, families, difficult child behaviors, and spirituality in counseling. David has taken lots of additional trainings in these areas and enjoys working with patients that have these concerns.
(208) 357-9721 View (208) 357-9721
Photo of Meghan McFadden, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meghan McFadden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Homedale, ID 83628  (Online Only)
I work with clients struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, abuse, family violence, generational trauma, PTSD, low-self-esteem, etc.
I work with clients struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, abuse, family violence, generational trauma, PTSD, low-self-esteem, etc.
(208) 817-2620 View (208) 817-2620
Photo of Brad Greaves, PA
Brad Greaves
PA
Verified Verified
Homedale, ID 83628
When you tired of pretending to be happy or not getting effective treatment, it's time to see me at Perma Mental Health. My passion is helping people achieve "total health" in a safe, judgment-free zone. Total health is honoring the connection between the emotional and physical (mind and body) implications of life's experiences in its entirety. I am committed to life-long learning that will promote various modalities to support wellness. One modality I utilize is ketamine therapy. It's a psychedelic medication we offer to relieve symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, pain management, and promote sobriety.
When you tired of pretending to be happy or not getting effective treatment, it's time to see me at Perma Mental Health. My passion is helping people achieve "total health" in a safe, judgment-free zone. Total health is honoring the connection between the emotional and physical (mind and body) implications of life's experiences in its entirety. I am committed to life-long learning that will promote various modalities to support wellness. One modality I utilize is ketamine therapy. It's a psychedelic medication we offer to relieve symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, pain management, and promote sobriety.
(986) 300-4611 View (986) 300-4611

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Holly Taft, LMSW, MBA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Taft
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MBA
Verified Verified
Marsing, ID 83639
For most people, it is difficult to ask for help, so great job taking that first step already! The rest gets easier. I am here to help guide you through some of life's earthquakes. Whether it is trauma, grief, life-transitions, loss, abuse, neglect or your unique situation, I am solution and future-focused so that together we can create a future better than the past. I am compassionate, determined, and here for you, whether short-term or long-term. Healing goals are personal, and together we can determine what those might look like.
For most people, it is difficult to ask for help, so great job taking that first step already! The rest gets easier. I am here to help guide you through some of life's earthquakes. Whether it is trauma, grief, life-transitions, loss, abuse, neglect or your unique situation, I am solution and future-focused so that together we can create a future better than the past. I am compassionate, determined, and here for you, whether short-term or long-term. Healing goals are personal, and together we can determine what those might look like.
(208) 268-6942 View (208) 268-6942
Photo of Levi Moore, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Levi Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Caldwell, ID 83607  (Online Only)
It can feel overwhelming and hopeless when you feel misheard, misunderstood, and as though you're having the same repetitive arguments or running into the same struggles. You are looking to develop healthier relationship patterns, deepen understanding of yourself, build stronger connections with current and future loved ones, and move through past hurts. You want to build a stronger sense of trust within yourself and feel confident that you're acting in alignment with who you truly are. Your needs are important, and you want to start listening to YOU again - or maybe for the first time!
It can feel overwhelming and hopeless when you feel misheard, misunderstood, and as though you're having the same repetitive arguments or running into the same struggles. You are looking to develop healthier relationship patterns, deepen understanding of yourself, build stronger connections with current and future loved ones, and move through past hurts. You want to build a stronger sense of trust within yourself and feel confident that you're acting in alignment with who you truly are. Your needs are important, and you want to start listening to YOU again - or maybe for the first time!
(208) 428-2485 View (208) 428-2485

Online Therapists

Photo of Kristine Kemp, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristine Kemp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83706  (Online Only)
Stress and anxiety manifest in various ways, from persistent worry and restlessness to physical symptoms like headaches and sleep disturbances. These conditions can significantly impact daily life, making tasks feel insurmountable. I specialize in helping individuals understand these symptoms, offering a supportive space to address their root causes. By acknowledging these experiences, we can work together towards managing their effects, aiming for a more balanced and fulfilling life.
Stress and anxiety manifest in various ways, from persistent worry and restlessness to physical symptoms like headaches and sleep disturbances. These conditions can significantly impact daily life, making tasks feel insurmountable. I specialize in helping individuals understand these symptoms, offering a supportive space to address their root causes. By acknowledging these experiences, we can work together towards managing their effects, aiming for a more balanced and fulfilling life.
(208) 494-9765 View (208) 494-9765
Photo of Kami Dwello, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kami Dwello
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nampa, ID 83651
Hello and welcome! I am passionate about providing a space for clients to discover healing and transformation. As a counselor, I believe it is important to have support and the necessary tools to navigate through difficult and overwhelming times that life throws our way. Being able to find a therapist you can connect with and build a therapeutic relationship, can make these times feel more manageable. You are not alone. I would be honored to walk this journey with you.
Hello and welcome! I am passionate about providing a space for clients to discover healing and transformation. As a counselor, I believe it is important to have support and the necessary tools to navigate through difficult and overwhelming times that life throws our way. Being able to find a therapist you can connect with and build a therapeutic relationship, can make these times feel more manageable. You are not alone. I would be honored to walk this journey with you.
(208) 759-7901 View (208) 759-7901
Photo of Ashley Betz - Mind Space Mental Wellness Counseling LLC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mind Space Mental Wellness Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83702
I work with individuals experiencing frequent and persistent Anxiety. Feeling a certain level of discomfort over big stressors is totally normal, however, if that worry does not go away or progresses it may be time to reach out for help. Unmanaged stress and anxiety can lead to chronic mental, physical, and relational problems. Common mental health issues that lead people to work with me include anxiety and panic, addiction and substance abuse, depression, grief and loss, bipolar functioning, and relationship concerns.
I work with individuals experiencing frequent and persistent Anxiety. Feeling a certain level of discomfort over big stressors is totally normal, however, if that worry does not go away or progresses it may be time to reach out for help. Unmanaged stress and anxiety can lead to chronic mental, physical, and relational problems. Common mental health issues that lead people to work with me include anxiety and panic, addiction and substance abuse, depression, grief and loss, bipolar functioning, and relationship concerns.
(208) 901-3351 View (208) 901-3351
Photo of Cristina Medrano, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cristina Medrano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83705
As a bicultural and fully bilingual counselor, I am able to provide therapy to culturally diverse and Spanish speaking clients using relevant approaches, I understand the role culture plays in your experiences and therapeutic process. In combination with Person-Centered and Narrative Therapy, my approach uses solution focused therapy focusing on your personal strengths and the potential you have to find healing. I have experience working with kids 5 years old and older, adolescents, and adults experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, and other struggles.
As a bicultural and fully bilingual counselor, I am able to provide therapy to culturally diverse and Spanish speaking clients using relevant approaches, I understand the role culture plays in your experiences and therapeutic process. In combination with Person-Centered and Narrative Therapy, my approach uses solution focused therapy focusing on your personal strengths and the potential you have to find healing. I have experience working with kids 5 years old and older, adolescents, and adults experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, and other struggles.
(208) 547-5876 View (208) 547-5876
Photo of Michael C Pinkerton, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael C Pinkerton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83714  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed MFT in both California and Idaho. I am located in Boise, Idaho and currently provide telehealth in both Idaho and California. Therapy should help you improve your life. Though it can take time to get the most out of therapy, my goal is that we see improvement all along the way in your ability to function and manage.
I am a Licensed MFT in both California and Idaho. I am located in Boise, Idaho and currently provide telehealth in both Idaho and California. Therapy should help you improve your life. Though it can take time to get the most out of therapy, my goal is that we see improvement all along the way in your ability to function and manage.
(510) 319-1346 View (510) 319-1346
Photo of Jessica Rix, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Rix
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83702  (Online Only)
Have past hurts, trauma, and loss impacted your ability to have a healthy relationship with yourself and others? Do you struggle to love and accept yourself, manage your anxiety, have healthy relationships, and/or feel confident? I love working with women to navigate their specific needs including identity, anxiety, pregnancy and postpartum concerns, motherhood, body image, strained/broken relationships, shame/guilt, perfectionistic tendencies, and overwhelm. I love seeing women let go of the past, change their inner dialogue, learn to find calmness, and show up as who they want to be.
Have past hurts, trauma, and loss impacted your ability to have a healthy relationship with yourself and others? Do you struggle to love and accept yourself, manage your anxiety, have healthy relationships, and/or feel confident? I love working with women to navigate their specific needs including identity, anxiety, pregnancy and postpartum concerns, motherhood, body image, strained/broken relationships, shame/guilt, perfectionistic tendencies, and overwhelm. I love seeing women let go of the past, change their inner dialogue, learn to find calmness, and show up as who they want to be.
(208) 271-9562 View (208) 271-9562
Photo of Aisha Abimbola, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aisha Abimbola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83704
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families who are in need of support with life stressors, relationship challenges, emotional concerns and skills training to help manage everyday life challenges. I utilize a client focused approach where my first priority is always to develop a safe and comfortable relationship which serves as the basis to begin exploring the more challenging aspects of life and promote overall wellness. Ultimately, I want to help clients clearly identify specific obstacles, learn how to overcome them, and then move on to accomplish their goals.
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families who are in need of support with life stressors, relationship challenges, emotional concerns and skills training to help manage everyday life challenges. I utilize a client focused approach where my first priority is always to develop a safe and comfortable relationship which serves as the basis to begin exploring the more challenging aspects of life and promote overall wellness. Ultimately, I want to help clients clearly identify specific obstacles, learn how to overcome them, and then move on to accomplish their goals.
(986) 300-2152 View (986) 300-2152
Photo of Sarah Hoffman, MA, PMH-C, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah Hoffman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PMH-C, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Meridian, ID 83642
Therapy is about more than just symptom relief (though that's important)--it's also about learning to create connection with yourself and with others. Part of my job to help you develop skills to use with issues that get in your way the most. I’d also love to help you figure out how to feel like yourself again and restore your relationships to a place of wholeness. My goal is to help you get to a place where you feel connected to yourself and to those most important to you. My hope is that our work will help you feel free from the things that are keeping you stuck and give you a new vision for your life.
Therapy is about more than just symptom relief (though that's important)--it's also about learning to create connection with yourself and with others. Part of my job to help you develop skills to use with issues that get in your way the most. I’d also love to help you figure out how to feel like yourself again and restore your relationships to a place of wholeness. My goal is to help you get to a place where you feel connected to yourself and to those most important to you. My hope is that our work will help you feel free from the things that are keeping you stuck and give you a new vision for your life.
(208) 301-6257 View (208) 301-6257
Photo of Rachel Magliari - Solstice Counseling Services, LPC, CADC, NCC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Magliari - Solstice Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83712  (Online Only)
Would you believe me if I told you that your inner wisdom has the solutions to all of your problems? You may just need some help getting there. I believe counseling is a collaborative relationship where together we can create a safe and welcoming space to address the mental and emotional challenges you're facing. I have experience working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families facing a variety of life stressors such as life transitions, relationship issues, spiritual issues, self-esteem issues, financial/occupational stress, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, trauma recovery, and addiction and substance use related concerns.
Would you believe me if I told you that your inner wisdom has the solutions to all of your problems? You may just need some help getting there. I believe counseling is a collaborative relationship where together we can create a safe and welcoming space to address the mental and emotional challenges you're facing. I have experience working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families facing a variety of life stressors such as life transitions, relationship issues, spiritual issues, self-esteem issues, financial/occupational stress, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, trauma recovery, and addiction and substance use related concerns.
(208) 271-9552 View (208) 271-9552
Photo of Stephen Yates, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stephen Yates
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Not Verified Not Verified
Boise, ID 83704
Hello, my name is Steve Yates and I'm a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 25 years of experience. I enjoy helping individuals, couples, and families better understand themselves and learn the communication skills necessary to build and maintain positive healthy relationships. I'm skilled in a number of different therapeutic approaches and have helped people deal with mild everyday problems to severe emotional and mental health related issues. I am holistic in my thinking and am not afraid to try new things in order to help my client's find the best solutions for them.
Hello, my name is Steve Yates and I'm a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 25 years of experience. I enjoy helping individuals, couples, and families better understand themselves and learn the communication skills necessary to build and maintain positive healthy relationships. I'm skilled in a number of different therapeutic approaches and have helped people deal with mild everyday problems to severe emotional and mental health related issues. I am holistic in my thinking and am not afraid to try new things in order to help my client's find the best solutions for them.
(208) 747-0961 View (208) 747-0961
Photo of Rebecca Richardson, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Meridian, ID 83642
Accepting new clients! I have successfully helped many clients treat their anxiety, depression and more. In doing so, I am passionate about helping young children, teens, adults and couples. My training and experience focus on fully engaging clients through client-lead therapies, and through the philosophy that clients need to possess lasting habits and tools that bring success to every-day life.
Accepting new clients! I have successfully helped many clients treat their anxiety, depression and more. In doing so, I am passionate about helping young children, teens, adults and couples. My training and experience focus on fully engaging clients through client-lead therapies, and through the philosophy that clients need to possess lasting habits and tools that bring success to every-day life.
(208) 203-3269 View (208) 203-3269
Photo of Sara Winkelman, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Winkelman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Caldwell, ID 83605
My typical client is wanting to heal from trauma, get rid of annoying triggers, learn calming techniques and coping skills to lessen anxiety and manage stress, lessen depression, improve communication skills and increase interpersonal effectiveness, learn assertiveness, learn distress tolerance, learn skills to practice mindfulness, develop emotional regulation, manage moods, develop resiliency and feel better overall. I also work with couples to restore their relationship. I am a trauma informed counselor, understand how trauma affects all parts of a person's life and know healing can happen.
My typical client is wanting to heal from trauma, get rid of annoying triggers, learn calming techniques and coping skills to lessen anxiety and manage stress, lessen depression, improve communication skills and increase interpersonal effectiveness, learn assertiveness, learn distress tolerance, learn skills to practice mindfulness, develop emotional regulation, manage moods, develop resiliency and feel better overall. I also work with couples to restore their relationship. I am a trauma informed counselor, understand how trauma affects all parts of a person's life and know healing can happen.
(208) 494-9610 View (208) 494-9610
Photo of Charles M Rice, Psychologist
Charles M Rice
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boise, ID 83704
Many have been helped who suffer from anxiety, panic, post-traumatic stress, phobias, and depression. Medical problems are treated including tension headache, migraine, chronic pain,irritable bowel syndrome, chrones disease, MS, Lupus, arthritis, fibromyalgia, stress and immune system insufficiency. Addictions are treated including including sex addiction, addiction to pornography, cyber-gaming, food and nicotine addiction. Also treated are adult children of addicts, and personality disorders. Treatment methods include a solution focused, brief therapy that include cognitive behavior therapy, rational hypnotherapy, bio-feedback and brief, gestalt therapy.
Many have been helped who suffer from anxiety, panic, post-traumatic stress, phobias, and depression. Medical problems are treated including tension headache, migraine, chronic pain,irritable bowel syndrome, chrones disease, MS, Lupus, arthritis, fibromyalgia, stress and immune system insufficiency. Addictions are treated including including sex addiction, addiction to pornography, cyber-gaming, food and nicotine addiction. Also treated are adult children of addicts, and personality disorders. Treatment methods include a solution focused, brief therapy that include cognitive behavior therapy, rational hypnotherapy, bio-feedback and brief, gestalt therapy.
(208) 615-2592 View (208) 615-2592
Photo of Anthony Hall, MCoun, LPC, NBCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anthony Hall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MCoun, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Boise, ID 83705
I believe in the value of books and reading; they are powerful aids to mental health, growth and healing. What we read changes not only our thoughts and feelings, but can determine our long-term view of the world as well. Each person has an ongoing personal narrative or story that is shaped by our experiences--but mostly by our view of these experiences. We are our life story, in the sense that it influences our choices, what we value and what we fear in life, etc. The good news is that we can shape and change our life story through awareness, understanding, and compassion.
I believe in the value of books and reading; they are powerful aids to mental health, growth and healing. What we read changes not only our thoughts and feelings, but can determine our long-term view of the world as well. Each person has an ongoing personal narrative or story that is shaped by our experiences--but mostly by our view of these experiences. We are our life story, in the sense that it influences our choices, what we value and what we fear in life, etc. The good news is that we can shape and change our life story through awareness, understanding, and compassion.
(208) 314-3269 View (208) 314-3269
Photo of Madison Caldwell, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Madison Caldwell
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Meridian, ID 83646
Waitlist for new clients
After six years of clinical practice, I am excited to be able to give back to the profession through clinical supervision. I have a passion for assisting new clinicians learn the ropes of being a therapist by helping identify personal theory, ethical compass, personal and professional goals. My practice is mostly based in Person-Centered and Adlerian approaches; however, I do tailor my clinical approach based on client needs. I believe that collaborating with my clients in their treatment, while remaining non-judgmental and genuine are motivators towards growth and success in the therapy room.
After six years of clinical practice, I am excited to be able to give back to the profession through clinical supervision. I have a passion for assisting new clinicians learn the ropes of being a therapist by helping identify personal theory, ethical compass, personal and professional goals. My practice is mostly based in Person-Centered and Adlerian approaches; however, I do tailor my clinical approach based on client needs. I believe that collaborating with my clients in their treatment, while remaining non-judgmental and genuine are motivators towards growth and success in the therapy room.
(208) 718-5960 View (208) 718-5960

See more therapy options for Homedale

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Homedale, ID

< 10

Therapists in Homedale, ID who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Family Conflict
100% Codependency

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Medicaid
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
100% Optum

How Therapists in Homedale, ID see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

50% Female
50% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Homedale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.